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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

MODULE
Course Title: Self-Defense (ARNIS)
Course Code: P.E. 2

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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

Overview

Good Day! Welcome to the Physical Education 2 module in Self-Defense!

For the first set of topics of this course, we will go back in time by dealing with the History of
ARNIS. It is crucial for you to know this matter before we go directly in assessing your capabilities
towards this type of physical activity. What could be the possible reason why we need to deal with
this as a course will unfold right in front your very eye.

This module will tackle everything about ARNIS, as a sport and a life skill. It will start with the
topics from its history to the facilities, equipment needed and terminologies used in sport.

In a greater sense, we are hoping that you will understand its historical concepts and what to
extent it can affect you as a person and as a student. Aside from acquiring the set of skills
needed, we are hoping that you will also acquire life skills that you may use whenever the
situations need it.

Self-Defense is a life skill that can bring you greater safety, buckets of enjoyment and years of
better health. Once you get into it, it’s incredibly hard to stop. With all honesty, the success of this
module will depend on you. So keep yourself on track, use varied materials available, and read so
may find it easier for you to grasp on what lies ahead of the context as you move further. Keep in
mind that not all who wander are lost. Have fun!

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Course Pretest:
Before we begin our lessons, let us try to answer the following questions below by encircling the
letter of your choice.
1. NARAPHIL stands for what?
a. National Armed Association of the Philippines
b. National Arnis Association of the Philippines
c. National Arnes Association of the Philippines
d. National Arnis Armed of the Philippines

2. Techniques of the art that is focused on bladed weapons fighting.

a. kali c. ice
b. eskrima d. arnis

3. Which of the early Philippine heroes used Arnis in fighting the Spaniards?
a. Raha Humabon
b. Lakandula
c. Lapu-Lapu
d. Diego Silang

4. The picture shows which Arnis category?

a. Solo Baston
b. Solo Baton
c. Doble
d. Double Identical Weapon

5. Which Republic Act establishes Arnis as Philippine Martial Arts and National Sports?
a. RA 10627
b. RA 10533
c. RA 9850
d. RA 9760

6. Who signed the law proclaiming Arnis as our national sport?

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a. Pres. Rodrigo Duterte

b. Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
c. Pres. Joesph Estrada
d. Pres. Benigno Aquino III

7. Who authored Republic Act 9850?

a. Sen. Bam Aquino
b. Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago
c. Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano
d. Sen. Juan Miguel Zubiri

8. Which principle/value is not taught/encourage in Arnis?

a. Self-discipline
b. Perseverance
c. Pride
d. Brutality

9. Kali is being taught in a school like training grounds, which was called ____________along
with military tactics.
a. Bothoan c. Arnes
b. Eskrima d. Espada

10. Arnis is a Filipino martial art that can be performed individually or with a partner using a
single stick or a pair of sticks for striking and blocking; can also be used for self-defense.
a. True b. False

Congratulations and thank you for taking the test with all honesty and without peeking! You did
a great job! You are now ready for your lessons!

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Module 1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ARNIS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Introduction
Arnis, also known as Kali or Eskrima/Escrima, is the
national martial art of the Philippines. The three are
roughly interchangeable umbrella terms for the Learning Outcomes:
traditional martial arts of the Philippines ("Filipino At the end of this module, you will be
Martial Arts", or FMA), which emphasize weapon- able to:
based fighting with sticks, knives, bladed weapons, 1. Trace and discuss the history of
and various improvised weapons, as well as "open
hand" techniques without weapons. Arnis.

There have been campaigns for arnis to be 2. Explain the importance self defense.
nominated in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural 3. Perform the Salutation in Arnis.
Heritage Lists, along with other Philippine martial
arts. As of 2018, UNESCO has inscribed nine
martial-arts–related intangible heritages.

Discussion
Lesson 1.1
History of Arnis

The History of Arnis dates back before the

colonization of the Spaniards, during those
periods it was called Kali and the techniques of the
art is focused on bladed weapons fighting. Kali was
widely practiced throughout the archipelago; both
nobleman and commoners were enthusiast and
practitioners of the said art. Also, during those days
Kali is being taught in a school like training
grounds, which was called Bothoan along with
military tactics, Alibata (Native Alphabet), and
herbal medicines.

On the dawn of April 27,1521, the Portuguese

navigator and warrior named Ferdinand Magellan was
defeated by a native warrior chief named Lapu- lapu
this was the recorded incident which Kali was used
against foreign invaders. Forty years after that
event, on April of 1564 another warrior navigator from
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Spain named Miguel De Legaspi landed in Abuyog Leyte Philippines. He was aware of the
unfortunate fate of Magellan so took a non-hostile approach to avoid battle with the native. He be-
friend the warrior chief Malitik, it is at this point he witnessed the deadly fighting skills of the
natives through a demo to entertain them. Afterwards he traveled to the nearby island of Sugbo
and met another warrior chief named Tupas, he took a non-hostile approach to again avoid
confrontation. For the second time he witnessed the formidable fighting techniques of the natives
through a demo.

Years have passed by Spain was able to colonize the

Archipelago thru the use of religion and what was then
regarded as modern weapons such as Muskets and
cannons. The Spaniards claimed the Archipelago and
named it “Philippines” in honor of the King Philip of
Spain. This was the start of the dark age of Kali, in the
year 1764 the Spanish overlords banned the practice
of Kali to the natives. Using the alibi that the natives
were wasting time practicing it instead of tilling the
fields. However, the natives knew too well that their
colonizers were just afraid that such skills would be
used in a revolution against them because due to
oppression the revolutionaries were gaining support
from the natives.

The natives, hidden from the watchful eyes of their

colonizers, practiced Kali secretly. Due to some
cultural influence of the Spaniards the term Escrima,
Estoque, Fraile, and Kaliradman were used to regard
the native fighting system. It was also during this
period when the natives were able to develop the stick
fighting techniques of the art, which was proven to be
as versatile as the bladed weapons technique. Even
the Moro-Moro stage play to entertain the colonizers
was utilized as an excuse to practice the fighting
system.

In 1873 the fighting system was renamed “Arnis”

derived from the word Arnes which means colorful
trapping on defensive armors used on the Moro-Moro plays. Some of the heroes of the Philippine
revolution were also practitioners of Arnis namely Andres Bonifacio, the spouses Diego and
Gabriela Silang, and the young General Gregorio Del Pilar. The National Hero Jose Rizal was
also reported to practice the fighting system. As well as the founder of Aglipayan Church Rev.
Gregorio Aglipay was also recorded as a practitioner of the art.

After hundreds of years with Spanish colonization the Japanese invaders took their place to
invade the Philippines during the World War II, again experts of the native fighting arts were called
upon to fight for the country’s freedom. Kali, Escrima or Arnis whichever term the individual
prefers to use was once again employed on the battlefield. Its efficiency was put to a test again
but this time against the Japanese invaders.

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The Filipinos fought side by side with the Americans. Natives with skills in the fighting art signed
up to be freedom fighters known as “Guerillas”. It is also these “Guerillas” who were usually front
liners during the encounter and they were usually sent on a commando mission for
reconnaissance against the Japanese.

After the war ended and peace took its path in 1975 then Major Favian Ver also noted enthusiast
and practitioners of Arnis formed the National Arnis Association of the Philippines (NARAPHIL)
with the objective to unite all Arnis group in the Philippines, but unfortunately according to records
the Generals effort was futile, some claimed that the association that the General led tends to
favor only one group and ignored the request for recognition of the majority of the existing Arnis
clubs.

After the Historical EDSA revolution General Favian Ver was exiled and NARAPHIL as a
dominant Arnis grouped ceased, eventually another brotherhood of Arnis was formed by a group
of great Masters on Arnis. July of 1986 Arnis Philippines (ARPHI) was established with the same
objective as NARAPHIL, at present time the government sanctioned groups NARAPHIL and
ARPHI exist together with a non- governmental organization PIGSAI, these organizations share a
common goal which is to promote, preserve, propagate, and regain the popularity of Arnis
throughout the country because economically even though the Filipino Martial Arts be it Arnis,
Escrima, or Kali earned its popularity in the different parts of the world. It is less popular in the
Philippines. Its birthplace, probably due to strong colonial mentality influence or just plain
negligence of the Filipinos to their Cultural Heritage, but these noble groups are striving to ensure
that the next generations of Filipinos will be able to claim their cultural heritage and once again
have these Filipino Martial Arts as the national system of fighting art.

Modern History
The system of Filipino martial arts founded by the late Remy Presas as a self-defense system. His
goal was to create an injury-free training method as well as an effective self-defense system in
order to preserve the older Arnis systems.
The term Modern Arnis was used by Remy Presas’ younger brother Ernesto Presas to describe
his style of Filipino martial arts; since 1999 Ernesto Presas called his system Kombatan. It is
derived principally from the traditional Presas family style of the Bolo (Machete) and the stick-
dueling art of Balintawak Eskrima , with influences from other Filipino and Japanese martial arts .
Arnis is a Philippines’ national martial art or sport, After President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed
the Reoublict Act. No. 9850 in 2009.The act mandates the Department of Education to include the
sport as a Physical Education course. Arnis will be included among the priority sports in Palarong
Pambansa (National Games) beginning 2010 .

Let’s have a breather after trying to put the history of Arnis into context.
You can have a sip of tea or look for a place to relax when you are finished.
We’ll have an assessment about your takeaways on the previous topic.
The activity below will help you measure your understanding on to what
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Knowledge Check

Activity 1-1
- With the use of graphical representation of your choice, illustrate the evolution of Arnis.

Lesson 1.2

Lesson 1.2
Importance of Self-Defense

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The ability to protect oneself physically from

harm is a basic human right that should be
accessible to everyone. Teaching  self-
defense is something we often overlook in
today’s society, but it is of utmost importance. In
an age when the bullying epidemic in school is a
huge problem, it is important to ensure that
everyone can defend themselves if the need
arises.

Self-defense not only allows everybody to

tangibly defend themselves against physical
attacks, it also sparks various benefits to them in
everyday life. Important values and principles
can be learned, such as hard work, dedication,
and perseverance, as well as the importance of
maintaining personal relationships.

Martial arts teaches self-defense and much

more. There are so many benefits that can pick
up from martial arts, that it definitely becomes
something you should consider. A person can go through many stages of development, so it is
best that you make that you are exposed to the correct principles of self-defense.

Arnis

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One of the best martial art for self defense is Arnis. This is a martial art which teaches the use of
stick weapons from the very beginning of the training process. The sticks are generally made of
wood and are around 26 inches long.

Benefits of Arnis to Person:

- Effective self-defense
- Arnis contribute to the development of Physical Fitness
- Develop mental qualiies such as alertness and precision
- Desirable character traits such as self-confidence, fortitude, and self-discipline are develop
in practice of Arnis
- Develops mental strength and courage that allows someone to face danger and pain.
- Develop virtue of perseverance to the highest degree

At this point, let’s stop and see how well you understand importance of self defense by answering the
following self-assessment question.

Knowledge Check

Activity 1 – 2
- What are the importance of Self-defense?

Lesson 1.3
Salutation in Arnis

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Salutation is an expression of greeting, goodwill, or courtesy by word, gesture, or ceremony that

conventionally comes immediately before the body of a letter. Salutation or “saludo” in Arnis.
Stand straight with feet at 45 degrees. Hold the sticks with both hands. Extend the right arm
sideward with the stick pointing upward. Place the left hand, palm open and fingers extended, on
the right chest. This art is important because it emphasizes the same foot stances and hand
movements needed for open-hand fighting.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

Basic Stance and Salutation

A. Handa - Feet are positioned shoulder width apart.

- Stick is held in front of the body.

B. Pugay - Place the weapon hand across the chest.

- Bow by bending at the waist.

Congratulations! you’ve managed to accomplish the first module of this course! The next module will be
easy for you. But before we go to the second module, let’s put your learning into context.

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SUMMARY
Arnis is known as the national martial arts here in the Philippines. In Spanish era, it is called
eskrima.  It is a weapon-based fighting using sticks as wooden swords. Arnis includes hand-to-
hand combat, joint locks, grappling and weapon disarming techniques.

It is also known as one of the best martial arts for defense. Many students joined this kind of
exercise in their schools. Some of them are chosen to compete at other schools and be one of
their school's representatives.

Feedback/Reflection

Congratulations... Job well done! You’ve managed to accomplish the First module of this course!
For the last time, share to the class your final insights by completing the following sentence prompts.

I have learned that

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________.
I still wish to ask my teacher about
__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.

Suggested Reading
Coñete, Dionisio - Eskrima, Kali, Arnis, (ESPADA Y DAGA)

References
1. Perry Gil S. Mallari (November 28, 2011). "Bruce Lee and Escrima". FMA Pulse.

2. Pangilinan, Jr., Leon (October 3, 2014). "In Focus: 9 Facts You May Not Know About

Philippine National Symbols". National Commission for Culture and the Arts.

Retrieved January 8, 2019.

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3. https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?text=&term []=vocabulary_ich-

125&multinational=3&display1=inscriptionID#tabs

4. Wiley, Mark V. (2000). Filipino Fighting Arts: Theory and Practice. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 1–

15. ISBN 0-86568-180-5.

5.  Edgar Sulite. The Secrets of Arnis.[page  needed][unreliable source?]

6.  Santos de la Paz, Francisco (1712). Ilustracion de la Destreza Indiana. p. 167.

7.  "History of Filipino Martial Arts". Seasite.niu.edu. Retrieved November 11, 2009.

8.  "Warriors Eskrima  – Worcestershire". Warriorseskrima.com. Archived from the original on

May 19, 2009. Retrieved November 11, 2009.

9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnis

10. https://brainly.ph/question/1773088

11. https://www.slideshare.net/GeelynCabrera/arnis-235196038?qid=d842942f-5d55-45f7-

8689-fd9ea4e8de64&v=&b=&from_search=10

12. https://www.coursehero.com/file/65886278/MODULE-11-PE2-ADTpptx

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