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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

MODULE
Course Title: Self-Defense (ARNIS)
Course Code: P.E. 2

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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

Overview

Good Day! Welcome to the Physical Education 2 module in Self-Defense!

For the first set of topics of this course, we will go back in time by dealing with the History of ARNIS. It is
crucial for you to know this matter before we go directly in assessing your capabilities towards this type of
physical activity. What could be the possible reason why we need to deal with this as a course will unfold right
in front your very eye.

This module will tackle everything about ARNIS, as a sport and a life skill. It will start with the topics from its
history to the facilities, equipment needed and terminologies used in sport.

In a greater sense, we are hoping that you will understand its historical concepts and what to extent it can affect
you as a person and as a student. Aside from acquiring the set of skills needed, we are hoping that you will also
acquire life skills that you may use whenever the situations need it.

Self-Defense is a life skill that can bring you greater safety, buckets of enjoyment and years of better health.
Once you get into it, it’s incredibly hard to stop. With all honesty, the success of this module will depend on
you. So keep yourself on track, use varied materials available, and read so may find it easier for you to grasp on
what lies ahead of the context as you move further. Keep in mind that not all who wander are lost. Have fun!

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Course Pretest:
Before we begin our lessons, let us try to answer the following questions below by encircling the letter of your
choice.
1. NARAPHIL stands for what?
a. National Armed Association of the Philippines
b. National Arnis Association of the Philippines
c. National Arnes Association of the Philippines
d. National Arnis Armed of the Philippines

2. Techniques of the art that is focused on bladed weapons fighting.

a. kali
b. ice
c. eskrima
d. arnis

3. Which of the early Philippine heroes used Arnis in fighting the Spaniards?
a. Raha Humabon
b. Lakandula
c. Lapu-Lapu
d. Diego Silang

4. The picture shows which Arnis category?

a. Solo Baston
b. Solo Baton
c. Doble
d. Double Identical Weapon

5. Which Republic Act establishes Arnis as Philippine Martial Arts and National Sports?
a. RA 10627
b. RA 10533
c. RA 9850
d. RA 9760

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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

6. Who signed the law proclaiming Arnis as our national sport?

a. Pres. Rodrigo Duterte
b. Pres. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
c. Pres. Joesph Estrada
d. Pres. Benigno Aquino III

7. Who authored Republic Act 9850?

a. Sen. Bam Aquino
b. Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago
c. Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano
d. Sen. Juan Miguel Zubiri

8. Which principle/value is not taught/encourage in Arnis?

a. Self-discipline
b. Perseverance
c. Pride
d. Brutality

9. Kali is being taught in a school like training grounds, which was called ____________along with
military tactics.
a. Bothoan c. Arnes
b. Eskrima d. Espada

10. Arnis is a Filipino martial art that can be performed individually or with a partner using a single stick
or a pair of sticks for striking and blocking; can also be used for self-defense.
a. True b. False

Congratulations and thank you for taking the test with all honesty and without peeking! You did a great job!
You are now ready for your lessons!

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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

Module 1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ARNIS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Introduction

Arnis, also known as Kali or Eskrima/Escrima, is the

national martial art of the Philippines. The three are roughly
interchangeable umbrella terms for the traditional martial arts of
the Philippines ("Filipino Martial Arts", or FMA), which
emphasize weapon-based fighting with sticks, knives, bladed
weapons, and various improvised weapons, as well as "open
hand" techniques without weapons.
There have been campaigns for arnis to be nominated in
the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists, along with
other Philippine martial arts. As of 2018, UNESCO has
inscribed nine martial-arts–related intangible heritages.
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this module, you will be able
to:
1. Trace and discuss the history of
Arnis.
2. Explain the importance self defense.
3. Perform the Salutation in Arnis.

Discussion
Lesson 1.1
History of Arnis
The History of Arnis dates back before the colonization of the
Spaniards, during those periods it was called Kali and the
techniques of the art is focused on bladed weapons fighting. Kali
was widely practiced throughout the archipelago; both nobleman
and commoners were enthusiast and practitioners of the said art.
Also, during those days Kali is being taught in a school like
training grounds, which was called Bothoan along with military
tactics, Alibata (Native Alphabet), and herbal medicines.

On the dawn of April 27,1521, the Portuguese navigator and

warrior named Ferdinand Magellan was defeated by a native
warrior chief named Lapu-lapu this was the recorded incident
which Kali was used against foreign invaders. Forty years after
that event, on April of 1564 another warrior navigator from Spain
named Miguel De Legaspi landed in Abuyog Leyte Philippines.
He was aware of the unfortunate fate of Magellan so took a non-
hostile approach to avoid battle with the native. He be-friend the
warrior chief Malitik, it is at this point he witnessed the deadly
fighting skills of the natives through a demo to entertain them.
Afterwards he traveled to the nearby island of Sugbo and met another warrior chief named Tupas, he took a
non-hostile approach to again avoid confrontation. For the second time he witnessed the formidable fighting
techniques of the natives through a demo.

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Years have passed by Spain was able to colonize the

Archipelago thru the use of religion and what was then
regarded as modern weapons such as Muskets and
cannons. The Spaniards claimed the Archipelago and
named it “Philippines” in honor of the King Philip of Spain.
This was the start of the dark age of Kali, in the year 1764
the Spanish overlords banned the practice of Kali to the
natives. Using the alibi that the natives were wasting time
practicing it instead of tilling the fields. However, the
natives knew too well that their colonizers were just afraid
that such skills would be used in a revolution against them
because due to oppression the revolutionaries were gaining
support from the natives.

The natives, hidden from the watchful eyes of their

colonizers, practiced Kali secretly. Due to some cultural
influence of the Spaniards the term Escrima, Estoque,
Fraile, and Kaliradman were used to regard the native
fighting system. It was also during this period when the
natives were able to develop the stick fighting techniques
of the art, which was proven to be as versatile as the bladed
weapons technique. Even the Moro-Moro stage play to
entertain the colonizers was utilized as an excuse to
practice the fighting system.

In 1873 the fighting system was renamed “Arnis” derived

from the word Arnes which means colorful trapping on
defensive armors used on the Moro-Moro plays. Some of
the heroes of the Philippine revolution were also
practitioners of Arnis namely Andres Bonifacio, the
spouses Diego and Gabriela Silang, and the young General
Gregorio Del Pilar. The National Hero Jose Rizal was also
reported to practice the fighting system. As well as the founder of Aglipayan Church Rev. Gregorio Aglipay
was also recorded as a practitioner of the art.

After hundreds of years with Spanish colonization the Japanese invaders took their place to invade the
Philippines during the World War II, again experts of the native fighting arts were called upon to fight for the
country’s freedom. Kali, Escrima or Arnis whichever term the individual prefers to use was once again
employed on the battlefield. Its efficiency was put to a test again but this time against the Japanese invaders.

The Filipinos fought side by side with the Americans. Natives with skills in the fighting art signed up to be
freedom fighters known as “Guerillas”. It is also these “Guerillas” who were usually front liners during the
encounter and they were usually sent on a commando mission for reconnaissance against the Japanese.

After the war ended and peace took its path in 1975 then Major Favian Ver also noted enthusiast and
practitioners of Arnis formed the National Arnis Association of the Philippines (NARAPHIL) with the objective
to unite all Arnis group in the Philippines, but unfortunately according to records the Generals effort was futile,
some claimed that the association that the General led tends to favor only one group and ignored the request for
recognition of the majority of the existing Arnis clubs.

After the Historical EDSA revolution General Favian Ver was exiled and NARAPHIL as a dominant Arnis
grouped ceased, eventually another brotherhood of Arnis was formed by a group of great Masters on Arnis. July
of 1986 Arnis Philippines (ARPHI) was established with the same objective as NARAPHIL, at present time the
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government sanctioned groups NARAPHIL and ARPHI exist together with a non- governmental organization
PIGSAI, these organizations share a common goal which is to promote, preserve, propagate, and regain the
popularity of Arnis throughout the country because economically even though the Filipino Martial Arts be it
Arnis, Escrima, or Kali earned its popularity in the different parts of the world. It is less popular in the
Philippines. Its birthplace, probably due to strong colonial mentality influence or just plain negligence of the
Filipinos to their Cultural Heritage, but these noble groups are striving to ensure that the next generations of
Filipinos will be able to claim their cultural heritage and once again have these Filipino Martial Arts as the
national system of fighting art.

Modern History
The system of Filipino martial arts founded by the late Remy Presas as a self-defense system. His goal was to
create an injury-free training method as well as an effective self-defense system in order to preserve the older
Arnis systems.
The term Modern Arnis was used by Remy Presas’ younger brother Ernesto Presas to describe his style of
Filipino martial arts; since 1999 Ernesto Presas called his system Kombatan. It is derived principally from the
traditional Presas family style of the Bolo (Machete) and the stick-dueling art of Balintawak Eskrima , with
influences from other Filipino and Japanese martial arts .
Arnis is a Philippines’ national martial art or sport, After President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo signed the
Reoublict Act. No. 9850 in 2009.The act mandates the Department of Education to include the sport as a
Physical Education course. Arnis will be included among the priority sports in Palarong Pambansa (National
Games) beginning 2010.

Knowledge Check
Activity 1-1
With the use of graphical representation of your choice, illustrate the evolution of Arnis.

Lesson 1.2

Have a break! Have a kitkat! If there's none, drink some water and stretch – stretch nalang. LOL
FIGHTING!!!

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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

Lesson 1.2
Importance of Self-Defense

The ability to protect oneself physically from harm

is a basic human right that should be accessible to
everyone. Teaching self-defense is something we
often overlook in today’s society, but it is of utmost
importance. In an age when the bullying
epidemic in school is a huge problem, it is
important to ensure that everyone can defend
themselves if the need arises.

Self-defense not only allows everybody to tangibly

defend themselves against physical attacks, it also
sparks various benefits to them in everyday life.
Important values and principles can be learned,
such as hard work, dedication, and perseverance, as
well as the importance of maintaining personal
relationships.

Martial arts teaches self-defense and much more.

There are so many benefits that can pick up from
martial arts, that it definitely becomes something
you should consider. A person can go through
many stages of development, so it is best that you
make that you are exposed to the correct principles of self-defense.

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Arnis

One of the best martial art for self defense is Arnis. This is a martial art which teaches the use of stick weapons
from the very beginning of the training process. The sticks are generally made of wood and are around 26 inches
long.

Benefits of Arnis to Person:

- Effective self-defense
- Arnis contribute to the development of Physical Fitness
- Develop mental qualiies such as alertness and precision
- Desirable character traits such as self-confidence, fortitude, and self-discipline are develop in practice
of Arnis
- Develops mental strength and courage that allows someone to face danger and pain.
- Develop virtue of perseverance to the highest degree

Knowledge Check

Activity 1 – 2

- What are the importance of Self-defense?

Break time! You may check your phone to update your boyfriend/girlfriend. Kung walang jowa, sadt  tuloy
mo nalang pag – answer ng module, sayang ang oras. 

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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

Lesson 1.3
Salutation in Arnis

Salutation is an expression of greeting, goodwill, or courtesy by word, gesture, or ceremony that conventionally
comes immediately before the body of a letter. Salutation or “saludo” in Arnis. Stand straight with feet at 45
degrees. Hold the sticks with both hands. Extend the right arm sideward with the stick pointing upward. Place
the left hand, palm open and fingers extended, on the right chest. This art is important because it emphasizes
the same foot stances and hand movements needed for open-hand fighting.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS

Basic Stance and Salutation

A. Handa - Feet are positioned shoulder width apart.

- Stick is held in front of the body.

B. Pugay - Place the weapon hand across the chest.

- Bow by bending at the waist.

Congratulations! you’ve managed to accomplish the first module of this course! The next module will be
easy for you. But before we go to the second module, let’s put your learning into context.

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University of Eastern Philippines Module in PE-2 Self Defense

SUMMARY

Arnis is known as the national martial arts here in the Philippines. In Spanish era, it is called eskrima. It is a
weapon-based fighting using sticks as wooden swords. Arnis includes hand-to-hand combat, joint locks,
grappling and weapon disarming techniques.

It is also known as one of the best martial arts for defense. Many students joined this kind of exercise in their
schools. Some of them are chosen to compete at other schools and be one of their school's representatives.

Feedback/Reflection

Congratulations... Job well done! You’ve managed to accomplish the First module of this course!
For the last time, share to the class your final insights by completing the following sentence prompts.

I have learned that

______________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________.

I still wish to ask my teacher about

__________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________.

Suggested Reading
Coñete, Dionisio - Eskrima, Kali, Arnis, (ESPADA Y DAGA)

References

1. Perry Gil S. Mallari (November 28, 2011). "Bruce Lee and Escrima". FMA Pulse.

2. Pangilinan, Jr., Leon (October 3, 2014). "In Focus: 9 Facts You May Not Know About Philippine

National Symbols". National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Retrieved January 8, 2019.

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3. https://ich.unesco.org/en/lists?text=&term[]=vocabulary_ich-

125&multinational=3&display1=inscriptionID#tabs

4. Wiley, Mark V. (2000). Filipino Fighting Arts: Theory and Practice. Tuttle Publishing. pp. 1–

15. ISBN 0-86568-180-5.

5. Edgar Sulite. The Secrets of Arnis.[page needed][unreliable source?]

6. Santos de la Paz, Francisco (1712). Ilustracion de la Destreza Indiana. p. 167.

7. "History of Filipino Martial Arts". Seasite.niu.edu. Retrieved November 11, 2009.

8. "Warriors Eskrima – Worcestershire". Warriorseskrima.com. Archived from the original on May 19,

2009. Retrieved November 11, 2009.

9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnis

10. https://brainly.ph/question/1773088

11. https://www.slideshare.net/GeelynCabrera/arnis-235196038?qid=d842942f-5d55-45f7-8689-

fd9ea4e8de64&v=&b=&from_search=10

12. https://www.coursehero.com/file/65886278/MODULE-11-PE2-ADTpptx

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