Management of Traffic Congestion on Three ways

Junction in Gandhinagar, Vellore

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the J-COMPONENT

Technical Answers for Real Life Problem

(CLE 3999)

(Under the guidance of Prof.THIRUMALINI S )

By

VIKASH RAI 16BCL0093

SHUBHAM SHARMA 16BCL0160

SAMRAT SAMIR 16BCL0351

RAMPERWESH KUMAR 16BCL0407

School of Civil and Chemical Engineering

OCT-2019
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “Management of Traffic Congestion on Three
way Junction in Gandhinagar, Vellore” that is being submitted for Technical Answers for Real
Life problems (CLE3999) is a record of bonafide work done under my supervision. The
contents of this Project work, in full or in parts, have neither been taken from any other source
nor have been submitted for any other CAL course.

Signature of Faculty:

Prof.THIRUMALINI S

\
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It has been our privilege to understand the meaning of research and education through this
Jcomponent program. We wish to express our profound sense of gratitude to Prof.
THIRUMALINI S, School Of Civil and Chemical Engineering, VIT University, who taught
the fundamentals of this research and supervised our project work. We greatly benefited by his
inspiring guidance and constant support throughout our research work. We have no words to
express our gratefulness towards our parents, local guardians and management of the
University for their support and encouragement which spurred us to carry on with our project
work successfully
 ABSTRACT

The present project deals with the traffic congestion on three way junction in Gandhinagar,
Vellore..In this project we surveyed the cross road which will reduce the congestion of the
traffic of Gandhinagar area. Gandhinagar is the midway point between Chittoor bus stop and
green circle. We have considered a particular point of Gandhinagar three way junction
(kangaya-nellore road) for performing our management techniques to reduce the congestion
for the point. Traffic at this point majorly affects the local people living in Katpadi specially
Gandhinagar area. We decided to make a program in which we can do the regression analysis
and by which we will get all the result. In this basically we will input the values from user and
then with the help of developed program we will get an equation for regression analysis. Then
we will use the values and use it in our equation and will further use it for our calculation. And
then result will be obtained. It is useful because it will help us to make this complicated
calculation simple and will further reduce the timing and extra efforts. Using these models,
PCU is determined to determine whether developmental schemes are required to improve the
transportation system of the city.
 TABLE OF CONTENT

SL. NO. CONTENT

1. OBJECTIVE

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

3. INTRODUCTION

4. METHODOLOGY

5. WORK PLAN

6. SURVEY POINTS AND DIRECTIONS

7. ANALYSIS OF DATA

8. ANALYSIS BY GRAPH

9. INNOVATION

10. PHYSICAL MODEL

11. MERITS AND DEMERITS

12. CONCLUSION

13. REFERENCES
 LIST OF TABLES
TABLE NO TABLE CONTENT

1 Work plan

2 Traffic flow(towards Chittoor)

3 Traffic flow(from Chittoor)

4 Traffic flow(Going in K.N Road)

5 Traffic flow(Coming Out from K.N road)

OBJECTIVE

Management of traffic congestion at three way junction in Gandhi-nagar, Vellore with he help
of various methods and technologies such as:-
1. Home interview survey
2. Roadside video survey
3. Providing suitable solution based on our analysis.
 LITERATURE REVIEW

• Traffic congestion
• Traffic congestion is a major problem in Vellore especially on the Chitoor road.

• The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) defines traffic congestion as “the level at
which transportation system performance is no longer acceptable due to traffic interference”
and that “the level of system performance may vary by type of transportation facility,
geographic location (metropolitan area or sub-area, rural area), and/or time of day (Lomax,
Turner and Schunk, 1997)

• Also it is a condition on transport networks that occurs as use increases, and is characterized
by slower speeds, longer trip times, and increased vehicular queueing.

• Types of roadway congestion depend upon the area, the facility and “acceptability” (the
subjective notions of ideal speed and mobility), the methods of measuring and tolerating
congestion vary.

• Intersection (Official Measures of Intersection Service)

The Highway Capacity Manual details an array of operations to measure the performance
of signalized intersections. All of these operations are based upon three types of input
parameters: Geometric, Traffic, and Signal. Geometric conditions include the number of
lanes, lane width, percent gradation, parking, etc. Traffic conditions include peak-hour
factor, number of local buses stopping at intersection, approach speed, percent heavy
vehicles, flow rate, etc. Signalized conditions include cycle length, green time, pedestrian
push-button, actuated versus pre-timed operation, etc. Once these conditions are measured,
performance is measured in delay, progression adjustment, level of service, capacity and
back of queue1 (HCM, 2000). The two most commonly used measures of intersection
performance are capacity and level of service.
 • Capacity

❖ Capacity is the maximum hourly rate at which persons or vehicles reasonably can be
expected to traverse a point or uniform section of a lane or roadway during a given time
period under prevailing roadway, traffic, and control conditions. “A principal objective
of capacity analysis is to estimate the maximum number of persons or vehicles that a
facility can accommodate with reasonable safety during a specified time period. (St
Paul PED).

• LOS (level of service)

❖ LOS for signalized intersections is defined in terms of average control delay per vehicle
measured in seconds per vehicle.
❖ Levels are meant to measure driver discomfort, frustration, fuel consumption and lost
travel time, established “on the basis of 1 Back of queue: length of the line of cars
waiting at an intersection 14 the acceptability of various amounts of delay to drivers”
(Robertson and Cartern )

Transportation Survey

The first stage in transportation planning process is to collect data on existing travel
pattern, existing transport facilities and existing land use and economic activities

Home interview technique

Home is the major source of trip generation and details of a considerable proportion of
trips generated in an urban area may be obtained from this survey. This technique
involves visiting some sample of households and collect data on Household information
and Journey or trip information.
Types of home interview survey:

• Full interview technique

• Home questionnaire technique
• Telephone interview
• Postal questionnaire survey

Road side interview technique

Also known as cordon survey, because this survey is carried out at selected points along the
boundary of the study area to obtain the information about E-I and E-E travel pattern. A typical
setup of this survey is shown below.

Types of road side interview:

• Direct interview
• Post card questionnaire
• Registration number plate survey
• Tags on vehicles survey
 INTRODUCTION

In this project we have done survey of the cross road to reduce the congestion of the traffic of
Gandhinagar area.
Gandhinagar is the midway point between chitoor bus stop and green circle. We have
considered a particular point of Gandhinagar three way junction (kangayanellore road) for
performing our management techniques to reduce the congestion for the point. Traffic at this
point majorly affects the local people living in Katpadi specially Gandhinagar area. So
managing traffic congestion at this point will further help to control the traffic at other points
connecting this junction.

i. Why we choose this junction?

• Due to existence of national highway and state highway

. • Due to absence of proper traffic management i.e, traffic signal , presence of any traffic

police,

• Education institute like VIT, medical college like CMC and heritage sites like vellore fort

and golden temple and

• Connection of Katpadi to Vellore is possible through this junction only.

• And this route is economical route for daily based traveller.

• Due to presence of petrol pump which make it point of attraction.

ii. Site investigation

Fig-1

Fig-2
Fig3 Fig4

.
 METHODOLOGY

For solving our problem of traffic congestion we have come across a number of solutions using
different kinds of journals. Since each journal is specific toward some specific area so we can’t
use it appropriately. So we came across the idea of general transportation survey which includes
home interview technique and road side interview. These two techniques will help us in using
the methods defined in different journals but using our own data and location specific problem.
We have done Home interview survey and road video survey got our data collection and now
we are looking forward to use these data’s for further work.

Methods used Method

I: Home interview survey Method
II: Road side vehicle survey Method

Method I : Home interview survey

Home is the major source of trip generation and details of a considerable proportion of trips
generated in an urban area may be obtained from this survey.

This technique involves visiting some sample of households and collect data on Household
information and Journey or trip information.

Types of home interview survey

a. Full interview technique
b. Home questionnaire technique
c. Telephone interview
d. Postal questionnaire survey.
We have done full interview survey in which have taken specific data’s affecting traffic in an
area. These data’s are further used by us for formation of trip generation equation and further
for modelling.
Method II : Road video survey

Since the main concern of our project is regarding the traffic, so for finding out the traffic
volume at different times we have done a video survey of road side.

These video helped us to find the graphs between vehicle type and time of the day Vehicle type
consist of

i. 2 wheeler ( cycles and light motor vehicle)

ii. 4 wheelers (cars )
iii. Passenger vehicle ( 3 wheeler auto )
iv. Goods vehicle (3 wheeler and 4 wheeler)
v. Passenger bus
vi. Goods trucks
WORK PLAN

Date Work
done
Title for the project:
We consulted Dr. S Vasatha Kumar regarding the project on
26/07/19 what could be done. He suggested that we could consider
doing a project on the junction in KN road.

Site investigation:
We went to the site to get a general idea of how we were going
16/08/19 to proceed with our project. How many cameras we were
going to need to count all the vehicle and get a proper view.

Literature Review:
19/07/19- We did some literature review on Traffic congestion,
26/07/19
Intersections and Survey techniques that can be used for our
project.

Making a Survey form for the home interview and project

30/07/19-10/08/19 model discussion

14/08/19- 20/08/19 Home interview survey for the project

10/09/19 Video survey for the project (9:00 am to 6pm)

15/09/19- Data extraction from the video.

28/09/19

24/07/19-25/07/19 Representing the collected data in the form of graph

10/08/19- Preparing the model for our project

11/08/19

17/09/19- 18/09/19 Wrapping up the project

24/09/19- 25/09/19 Making of the final report

23/10/19 Final report presentation

 SURVEY POINTS AND DIRECTIONS

After collecting the video and Home Interview Survey, we have extracted the
data like as follows:-

a) TOWARDS CHITOOR(MAIN ROAD)

b) FROM CHITOOR (MAIN ROAD)
c) COMING IN TO K.N. ROAD
d) COMING OUT FROM K.N. ROAD

As we have collected the data from 9 am to 6 pm continuously, for greater accuracy, we are
going to count the no. of vehicles w.r.t. 15 min. time intervals and then, plotting the
respective graphs.
e) No. of Bikes vs Time Interval
f) No. of Auto vs Time Interval
g) No. of Cars vs Time Interval
h) No. of Tempo vs Time Interval
i) No. of Bus vs Time Interval
j) No. of Truck vs Time Interval
k) No. of Bulldozer vs Time Interval
l) Total No. of Vehicles in each direction vs Time Interval.
m) Total Number of Vehicles passing through our Survey Area vs Time Interval.

Details of the survey

• Location: Location of the spot for traffic volume survey was chosen
to be at the three way junction in KN road. We placed two cameras in
the junction recording all the vehicle passing and later on counted all
of them.

• Date: Data for volume study was collected on 10 February 2018 (Saturday).

• Time: Time of data collection for volume study was from 9:00 am to 6 pm

• Equipment: Tripod stand, video camera etc.

• Number of Enumerators: 7
 ➢ On the day of Video survey

Fig-5 Fig-6

Fig-7 Fig-8
ANALYSIS OF DATA

1. Determination of passenger car unit (PCU)

For per 15 minute duration, we have calculated the PCU with the help of following table.

PCU for per 15 minutes = No. of BIKES*0.5 + No. of CARS*1.0 + No. of

AUTOS*0.8 + No. of TEMPOS*0.5 + No. of (BUS+TRUCK+BULDOZER)
*3.5

After getting the PCU for each time interval, we calculated the Maximum PCU among all from
each directions. Converted that PCU/15 minutes into PCU/hrs by just multiplying the
maximum PCU by 4 for each directions. Now, we find out

a. Total PCU for Gandhi nagar road

b. Total PCU for Kangayanellore road

c. Total PCU at Gandhi nagar junction

.
2. Regression analysis of household data’s in excel
From the household interview survey form and data collection which has been done by our
group, we are have made a Regression Analysis Equation by considering the following
factors.
Y = a + b1*X1 + b2*X2 + b3*X3 + b4*X4

Household number acts as Zone.

a. No. of trips/day = Y

b. No. of persons = X1

c. No. of vehicles = X2

d. Household income = X3

e. No. of driving licence = X4

INNOVATION
.
• Along with all this, we have made a physical model of the road in which we have tried to
show the solution for this problem i.e. by making underpass for the vehicles.
• This technique is widely used in foreign countries but in India due to various reasons, it is
not built.

• So, our proposed plan is that we have made the entry for this underpass before Katpadi
station and opened this after K.N road.

• So this underpass helps us to remove the traffic congestion at Chitoor bus stop, Katpadi
junction, and K.N Road and at other junctions also.

• One more idea behind this is “rain water harvesting”. We can use this underpass during the
monsoon time to store water which can be used for different purposes.

• This water is then transferred to some pit or reservoir and will be used as per need.
PHYSICAL MODEL

TOP VIEW (Fig.)

SIDE VIEW (Fig. )

MERITS AND DEMERITS

I. Merits of the proposed construction

• Tunnels play a major role in streamlining the traffic control system.

• Through tunnel, plenty of time is saved avoiding traffic congestion.

• Free flow of traffic

• Fewer interruptions

• Higher speed limit along the grade separated highway

• Travel time is saved

• Pollution effect is reduced.

• Reduce the risk of accidents.

• They contribute a lot to the aesthetics of the city.

II. Demerits of the proposed construction

• To get the government approval will be difficult

• After the approval the acquiring of private properties will take a lot
of time and is a cumbersome activity
• Can be extremely costly to construct tunnel.

• Lack of proper management in the tunnel construction can cause many problems.

• During collapse in any part of tunnel can lead to several deaths and
even the whole traffic flow will be blocked.
CONCLUSION

• The proposed plan will solve the traffic congestion problem for

K.N. Junction for next 10 years (approximately).

• Four wheeler vehicles can directly pass from Green circle to

Chitoor without disturbing the local traffic.

• The four wheeler vehicles estimated travel time will be reduced.

• It will reduce the annual number of risk of accidents at the junction points.

• They contribute a lot to the aesthetics of the Vellore city.

• The VOC (vehicle operating cost) will be reduced to a great extent

REFERENCES

[1] http://media.miamiherald.com/static/media/projects/2014/port-tunnel/

[2] M. SaberI, Q. Cheng, Z. Liu and Z. Gu, "Congestion pricing practices and public

acceptance: A review of evidence," ELSEVIER, pp. 94-101, 2018.

[3] M. Borjesson, C. J. Hamilton, P. Nasman and C. Papaix, "Factors driving public support

for road congestion reduction," ELSEVIER, pp. 452-462, 2014.

[4] M. Borjesson and I. Kristofferson, "The Swedish congestion charges: Ten years on,"

ELSEVIER, pp. 35-51, 2017.

[5] M. M. Hassani and R. Berangi, "A new congestion control mechanism for transport

protocol of cognitive," ELSEVIER, pp. 134-143, 2017.

[6] P. Degond, P. Minakowski and E. Zatorska, "Transport of congestion in two-phase

compressible/incompressible," ELSEVIER, pp. 485-510, 2018.

[7] Y. Wang, J. Cao, W. Li, T. Gu and W. Shi, "Exploring traffic congestion correlation from

multiple data," ELSEVIER, pp. 470-483, 2017.

[8] S. Bharadwaj, S. Ballare, R. and M. K. Chandel, "Impact of congestion on greenhouse gas

emissions for road," ELSEVIER, pp. 3538-3551, 2017.