GE 8: ETHICS

FINAL EXAMINATION
Name: JANILLA ROSE A. ABUGAN DEADLINE: February 15, 2021
Section and Time: GE 8 (G) T-TH 1:00-2:30PM
General Instructions: Read and analyze each question properly. Choose the best suitable answer for each question and
write it on the space provided before the number.

I. Working Definitions. Write the correct answer for each question on the space provided.
(On Virtue Ethics and Filipino Morality)
VIRTUE1. It is a character or behavior showing high moral standards.
ARISTOTLE 2. The originator of virtue ethics. He is a Greek philosopher and also the teacher of Alexander the Great.
PRACTICAL REASON3. It is the general human capacity for resolving, through reflection, the question of what one
should do.
MASTER TYPE MORALITY4. A type of morality which, for Nietzsche, creates their own values and does not depend
on others.
LOOB5. A Filipino word that when used in relation to Filipino morality refers to the person’s holistic and relational will.
KAPWA6. A beautiful Filipino term that, when translated into English, means shared self or self-in-the-other.
THANATOS7. A Greek word which means death.

II. True or False. Determine whether the given statements are correct. Write TRUE if they are, and FALSE if
they’re not. (On Business Ethics)
FALSE1. It is absurd to talk about environmental rights if one is to be Utilitarian.
TRUE2. Kantians believe that the abuse of the environment for profit’s sake can lead to the legitimization of the
exploitation of people.
FALSE3. Utilitarianism advocates that it is morally wrong for a business to lie to its costumers even if lying
produces more happiness than by not lying.
TRUE4. On the grounds of the Categorical Imperative, Kantians believe that it is self-defeating and irrational for
a business to lie to its customers.

III. Analysis. Each question is answerable only by YES or NO. Examine each situation/question properly and
write the correct answer. (On Euthanasia)
YES1. Basing on the First pro-euthanasia argument, is it morally acceptable for one to have voluntary euthanasia for the
reason being his illness has already degraded the quality of life he has?
YES2. Given that a person is in a Persistent Vegetative State, can his family decide for a non-voluntary euthanasia?
NO3. In line with Case two, when a person has an incurable or terminal illness but is fully conscious, can his family
decide for him to be euthanized?
NO4. Grounding on the Second argument against euthanasia, if you are a practicing and devout Christian that has a
terminal illness, do you think it is acceptable for you to have voluntary euthanasia?

IV. Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer for each of the questions given. (On Sexual Ethics)
A1. What is the one true end of our sexual faculties according to Natural Law Theorists?
a. pleasure c. procreation
b. adultery d. premarital sexual acts
B2. In what context does Kant believes a sexual desire can be morally justified?
a. masturbation c. polygamous marriage
b. monogamous marriage d. homosexual marriage
A3. If Utilitarianism is correct, a lot of sexual acts can be made justifiable. But this still leaves room for some acts to be
objectively unacceptable. Which of the following acts is not morally acceptable even for a utilitarian?
a. rape c. masturbation
b. premarital sex d. oral sex
D4. Which of the following philosophical theories gave a less pessimistic and less conservative view on the issue of
Sexual Ethics?
a. Natural Law Theory c. Categorical Imperative
b. Kantian Ethics d. Utilitarianism
V. Essay. Using the BISAYA dialect, give an example situation for each Filipino Virtue based on your personal
experience. The situation can be something you experienced yourself or something you saw from others.
Your answers must be limited to 5-7 sentences only. (On Filipino Morality)

1. Kagandahang-loob
KAGANDAHANG-LOOB, I BELIEVE IN THIS BECAUSE FOR ME, IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO
HAVE THIS. IT IS SOMETHING THAT YOU ACT WITH KINDNESS. FOR ME, IT IS VERY
IMPORTANT WHATS ON INSIDE BECAUSE NO ONE COULD TAKE AND IT WONT NEVER
CHANGE FROM YOU BECAUSE IT’S YOUR SIGNATURE ATTITUDE. AND IT IS ALSO
IMPORTANT ON HOW YOU TREAT ON PEOPLE AROUND YOU. KAGANDAHANG-LOOB O
BEAUTY-OF-WILL IS A MORAL BEAUTY AND IT IS ALSO A SAKE OF SIMPLICITY.
2. Utang-na-loób
UTANG-NA-LOOB OR DEBT OF WILL. FOR EXAMPLE, MY FRIEND SAVE ME FROM ACCIDENT
AND IN THAT CASE I HAVE UTANG NA LOOB FOR MY FRIEND FOR SAVING ME. UTANG NA
LOOB WILL BE USED TO ACCOUNT FOR KABUTIHANG LOOB. IT IS A BEAUTY OF YOUR OWN
WILL THAT NO ONE OF THE FILIPINO MORALITY WERE WE CAN HELP OTHERS BECAUSE
THEY HELPED US TOO.
3. Lakas-ng-loób
LAKAS NG LOOB LITERALLY STRENTH OF WILL. THIS IS WHERE COURAGE RESIDE AND IT
IS IMPPORTANT TO BOOSTS YOUR CONFIDENCE. LAKAS NG LOOB ALSO MEANS COURAGE
OR FORTITUDE. FOR ME, LAKAS NG LOOB IS IMPORTANT BCAUSE IT IS THE WAY WHERE
YOU CAN SPILL THE WORDS OR ACTION OF YOURS. WE HUMAN NEED TO SPILL
EVERYTHING BECAUSE WE HAVE OUR RIGHTS AND FOR ME, WE CAN ONLY DO THAT IF
WE HAVE THIS LAKAS NG LOOB.