BIOETHICS: HOMEWORK #2 1

SARTO, Andro Ramon M., RR22

PATIENT’S BILL OF RIGHTS

 It is a document where it provides patients with the information on how
they can expect to be treated or managed during the course of their
own hospital stay.
 Not legally binding, in most cases
 It was recently renamed as the “Patient Care Partnership”
 These includes: High quality hospital care, A clean and safe treatment
environment, Care involvement, Patient’s privacy protection, Billing and
Insurance claims, Patients’ hospital visits preparation

INFORMED CONSENT
 The process by which the patient learns about and understands the
purpose, benefits, as well as the potential risks of a medical or surgical
intervention and then they agree to receive the treatment
 They are required to sign a statement to confirm that they understand the
risk and benefits of the said procedure or treatment

PROXY CONSENT
 If the individual is personally unable to consent a medical intervention on
account of their age or lack of intellectual maturity, the proxy consent of
a legal representative is required
 The LAR may be a parent, grandparent, caregiver who has the legal
authority to grant consent on behalf of another who has been invited to
participate

CONFIDENTIALITY AND PRIVACY

 Privacy and confidentiality are basic rights in our society. Safeguarding
those rights, with respect to an individual’s personal health information, is
our ethical and legal obligation as health care providers.
 Confidentiality refers to the urge to keep a secret; we mean any form of
knowledge or information that a person has the right or obligation to
conceal.
 The nurse safeguards the patient's right to privacy. The need for health
care does not justify unwanted intrusion into the patient's life. The nurse
advocates for an environment that provides for sufficient physical
privacy, including auditory privacy for discussions of a personal nature
and policies and practices that protect the confidentiality of information.
 BIOETHICS: HOMEWORK #2 2
SARTO, Andro Ramon M., RR22

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
A. VERACITY
 Being honest and telling the truth and is related to the principle of
autonomy
 Basis of the trust relationship established between a patient and a
health care provider
 Veracity is what binds the patient and the clinician as they seek to
establish mutual treatment goals
B. FIDELITY
 Nurses must be faithful to the promises they made as professionals
to provide competent, quality care to their patients
C. BENEFICENCE
 This one is simple: Do the right thing for the patient. The other ethical
principles in nursing are a guide for this
D. NON-MALEFICENCE
 As stated in the Hippocratic Oath, the first principle of patient care
is to do no harm
 It does not matter whether the harm is intentional or unintentional
E. JUSTICE
 Fairness
 When nurses care for a group of patients, care must be given
equitably, fairly and justly to each individual
 A nurse cannot play favorites or compromise care because of
personal opinions or beliefs
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SARTO, Andro Ramon M., RR22

PRINCIPLES

F. DOUBLE EFFECT
 Says if doing something morally good has a morally bad side-effect
it's ethically OK to do it providing the bad side-effect wasn't
intended
 This is true even if you foresaw that the bad effect would probably
happen

G. LEGITIMATE COOPERATION
 Cooperation is not immediate
 The degree of cooperation and the degree of scandal are both
taken into account

H. COMMON GOOD AND SUBSIDIARITY

 Common good – It is a concept that may have utility in analyzing
moral and ethical issues affecting care of vulnerable patient groups
 Subsidiarity – emphasizes and respects the role of the person's free
will in his or her life choices. The human person is the essential actor
in the care of his or her health. Denying, destroying, or delegating
such responsibility is an affront against both human dignity
and subsidiarity

I. STEWARDSHIP
 The concept of health stewardship and responsibility for self-marks a
shift from adopting a paternalistic approach to care, with decision-
making the main remit of healthcare practitioners, towards
encouraging and empowering individuals to take increasing
responsibility for their healthcare and outcomes.
 Main aim of nursing is to achieve optimal health outcomes for every
patient

J. TOTALITY AND ITS INTEGRITY

 States that all decisions in medical ethics must prioritize the good of
the entire person, including physical, psychological and spiritual
factors
 BIOETHICS: HOMEWORK #2 4
SARTO, Andro Ramon M., RR22

K. ORDINARY AND EXTRA ODRINARY MEANS

 Ordinary – refers not only to nutrition hydration or respiration, but to
any treatment or intervention that hopes of recovery or doesn’t
make care unreasonably burdensome
 Extraordinary – intervention that does not offer any reasonable
hope of recovery it makes care unreasonably hard

L. PERSONALIZED SEXUALITY
 Based on an understanding of sexuality as one of the basic traits of
a person and must be developed in ways consistent with
enhancing human dignity