ART, DESIGN AND

AESTHETICS
 AESTHETICS

Aesthetics, or esthetics, is a branch

of philosophy that deals with the
nature of beauty and taste, as well
as the philosophy of art.
Tries to explain how people
perceive and access the meaning,
importance and purpose of art
Perception of Beauty and Taste
emotive , cerebral &
Spiritualresponses

Beauty
A combination of qualities, such as shape, colour, or form, that
pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight.
Two aspect of beauty
Formal - look of the thing’ Content- the reality of the thing
Tribal beauty
in africa
Lip plates can be found used
by tribes in africa.
For some, the plate size is a
measure of the social or
economic influence or status.
These tribes see the
ornamentas beauty and status.
Tribal beauty of
karen padaung,
thailand
The women of karen padaung wears
multiple brass rings around their neck, arms
and legs, and for this tribe the rings are
most prominent sign of female beauty and
status.
Tribal beauty in philippines
Tribals tattooing in many parts of the philippines is a symbol of
beauty maturity rank and bravery.
The art of tribal tattooing among ancient tribes were essentially
performed in a similar manner differing only in the symbols
ingredients used in actual tattoo
Tribal beauty in
new zealand
Tāmoko is the permanent marking or
"tattoo" as traditionally practised by Māori,
the indigenous people of New Zealand.
Apart from signalling status and rank,
another reason for the practice in traditional
times was to make a person more attractive
to the opposite sex. Men generally received
moko on their faces, buttocks (raperape)
and thighs (puhoro). Women usually wore
moko on their lips (kauwae) and chins.
Tribal beauty in
mauritania, africa
●Leblouh is the practice of force-feeding girls from
as youngasfivetonineteen,in
countrieswhereobesitywas traditionally regarded as
desirable.
● leblouh is practiced to increase chances of
marriage in a society where
highbodyvolumeusedtobe a signof wealth.

Presentations are communication tools that can be used as demonstrations,

lectures, speeches, reports, and more. It is mostly presented before an audience.
Art practise and
theorisation
●Theorisation in art may be formulated after
the observation of art practise
●Art practise happens first then theorisation
follows.
Types of art
●Primitive art
"Primitive art" is another term often applied to art by those without formal
training, but is historically more often applied to work from certain cultures
that have been judged socially.
● Classical art
Classical is the term generally used to refer to the style of the ancient Greek
and Roman periods.
● Vernacular art
A contemporary or as practice form of a language on art form.
● Modern art
Modern art includes artistic work produced during the period extending
roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s
● Contemporary art
Contemporary art is the art of today, produced in the second half of the 20th
century or in the 21st century.

Presentations are communication tools that can be used as demonstrations, lectures, speeches, reports, and more. It is
mostly presented before an audience.
Rasa
In Indian aesthetics, a rasa literally means "juice, essence or taste". It
connotes aconcept in Indian arts about the aesthetic flavour of any visual,
literary or musical work that evokes an emotion or feeling in the reader or
audience but cannot be described.
Bharata
● Humansensibilities
● Triggers
● Reactions
 Natyashastra
Natyashastra, in full Bharata Natyashastra, also called
Natyasastra, detailed treatise and handbook on
dramatic art that deals with all aspects of classical
Sanskrit theatre. It is believed to have been written by
the mythic Brahman sage and priest Bharata
Chathurvidhyaabhinaya

The four tools of performances

● Angika Abhinaya: Use of Body and
Limbs.
● Vachika Abhinaya: Use of song and
speech.
● Aharya Abhinaya: Use of costumes and
adornment.
● Satvika Abhinaya: Use of moods and
emotions.
Vachika abhinaya
Aharya Abhinaya
Lokadharmi (realistic)
which involved the reproduction of human behaviour on the stage and
the natural presentation of objects

Natyadharmi (conventional)
which is the presentation of a play through the use of stylized gestures
and symbolism and was considered more artistic than realistic
 Stylised metaphorical

Karla caves Yakshi from didarganj

 Sadanga -The Six Limbs of Indian Art and
Paintings
Roop bheda – The knowledge of looks and appearances.
Pramanani – Accuracy and precision of measurement and structure. Bh
Lavanya Yojanam – Blending grace in an artistic representation. Sadrisy
Varnakabhangam - An artistic way of making use of the brush and colo
Stylization of human form Infusion ofgrace-
Natyadharmi

Dancing girl,bronze, 2000 bc

Stylization of form

Infusion of graze

Metaphorical
language

Shiva and parvati, chola 1011

Values of expression

Hanuman
12th century
Chola
coimbatore,tamilnadu
Shiva as bhikshatana

Chola (?)
 Islamic art
And architecture
 ● Islamic civilization is based upon a monotheist religion.
● The expansion of this culture led to the creation of islamic
civilization.

Characteristics

● Repetition and Illusion of Infinity

Most patterns are derived from a grid of polygons such as equilateral triangles, squares, or hexagons.

● Symmetry
Symmetry is created in Islamic geometric design through the repetition and mirroring of one or more
basic design units—usually shapes such as circles and polygons.
● Two-dimensionality
Most Islamic geometric design is two-dimensional. Not only is it generally
applied to flat surfaces, but the patterns themselves rarely have shading or
background-foreground distinction.

Architecture
● Architecture is the art and science of designing buildings and other physical
structures.
● Some characteristics of Islamic architecture were inherited from
pre-Islamic architecture of that region while some characteristics like
minarets, muqarnas, arabesque, Islamic geometric pattern, pointed arch,
multifoil arch, onion dome and pointed dome developed later.
arch
Double dome jharokha

Minar kiosk Chhatri

 pavilion

Brackets pendentive
Best mughal style buildings

Taj mahal Qutab minar

Badshahi masjid Junagarh fort
adhai din ka jhonpra
Examples
Painting and decorative
art
● Four types ornamentations can be found in islamic pattern
Calligraphy,
figural forms vegetal
motifs geometric
patterns
● These patterns can be found singly or combined
Fountain from nur al-Din
Ottoman period
Syria
Islamic calligraphy
Islamic calligraphy is the artistic
practice of handwriting and
calligraphy, in the languages
which use Arabic alphabet or the
alphabets derived from it. It
includes Arabic, Persian, Ottoman,
and Indian calligraphy. It is known
in Arabic as khat Arabi, which
translates into Arabic line, design,
or construction.
Examples
Geometrical designs

Islamic geometric patterns are

one of the major forms of Islamic
ornament, which tends to avoid
using figurative images, as it
is forbidden to create a
representation of an important
islamic figure according to
many holy scriptures.
Examples
 1600 renaissance Spanish fashion
● The Renaissance was a fervent period of European cultural, artistic,
political and economic “rebirth” following the Middle Ages
● Generally described as taking place from the 14th century to the 17th
century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of classical
philosophy, literature and art.
● Renaissance began in florence,italy in 1350 and spread to rome and
finally to europe it ended in the early 1600s.
Social cultural
● Shakespeare wrote
plays that explored
human nature
● Artist including
michelangelo and Da
Vinci shaped western art
Michelangelo’s pieta
Renaissance architecture adopted the simplicity and balance of more
classical forms.
Fabrics
● Silk weaving was well established around the mediterean by the
begging of the century and figured silks often silk velvets with silver
gift wefts are increasingly seen in italian dress and in the dress of the
wealthy.
● Wool fabric were dyed in rich colours (red,green,gold,blue).
● Wool was the most common fabric for all classes by
far,followed by linen and hemp.
● Fur was worn mostly as a
lining layer
● The grey and white squirrel
of the middle ages, vair amd
miniver, went out of style
● At the end of the century
fur such as lynx fur became
more popular
● Ermine is marked as
Ermine fur
hallmark of royalty.
Lynx fur
Clothing
Around the 1490’s is when costume historians can agree that the new dress for
Renaissance began
 CLOTHING FOR MEN

● Flat cap-a hat that is flat with soft

crown (often associated with
henry VIII)
● Upper hose- extended from upper
thighs to weight
● Nether hose- the stocking that
covered the lower edges of the
leg.they were usually rolled up
above the knee and secured by
gaters.
CHAIN OF THE OFFICE -
A HEAVY CHAIN WORN BY A
MAN ACROSS THE CHEST
AND NECKLINE (ITS SHOWS
WHAT ORGANISATION
THEY BELONGED TO).
 MEN'S BASIC FASHION

● Hose that divided into upper hose and nether hose or stockings.
● Hose that slashed around one thigh,with a pouched codpiece.
● Italian fashion of the 1470s, feature short gowns worn over doubles ,and
hats of many shapes.
● Simar -a robe for men, the
neck part was somewhat on
a double breasted line, with
no collar in back, but with
wide revers turned back
from the front edge of the
robe.
● It was worn either ungirdled
or confined at the waist by a
narrow silk scarf, knotted
with one loop and two ends.
 JERK IN

● A short velvet or
leather jacket,
usually sleeveless
similar to a
vest/waistcoat.
 CLOTHING FOR WOMEN

French crescent/stuart cap

Heart shaped cap.

A gable hood,
English hood or gable headdress is an English
woman's headdress of
c.1500–1550, so-called because its pointed shape
resembles the gable of a house. The contemporary
French hood was rounded in outline and unlike
the gable hood, less conservative, displaying the
front part of the hair.
Full bodies houppelande with
voluminous sleeves worn with
elaborate headdresses ae
characterics of the earlier 15th
century.
 KALAMKARI

Kalamkari is a type of
hand-painted or
block-printed cotton textile
produced in Isfahan, Iran, and
in the Indian state of Andhra
Pradesh. Only natural dyes are
used in Kalamkari, which
involves twenty-three steps.
 HANDLOOMS OF THE PLACE

Pochampally
They have traditional
geometric patterns in Ikat style
of dyeing. The intricate
geometric designs find their
way into sarees and dress
materials.
DHARMAVARAM
NARAYANPETA
VENKATAGARI
VENKATAGARI
GADWAL
INTRODUCTION TO HANDLOOM

Handloom refers to wooden frames of different types which are

used by skilled artisans to weave fabrics usually from natural
fibers like Cotton, Silk, Wool, Jute etc. ..Right from spinning the
yarn, colouring, to weaving on the loom if done by them.
Fabric produced from these looms is also referred to as Handloom
 ORIGIN OF THE HANDLOOM

vijaynagar empire

sri kalahasti temple

machilipatnam
DYES USED
 TECHNIQUE FOR MAKING HANDLOOM

Step 1 Step 3

Preparation of grey cloth. Outline the black

The outlining of the main
Required size of the grey cloth is
theme and figures are
soaked in water for one hour and
drawn free hand with the
thoroughly kneaded and washed to help of the charcoal
remove the starch and then dried. twigs.

Step 2 Step 4
Treatment of the grey cloth with myrobalan
fruit and milk Painting in black
The charcoal outline is
The preparation grey cloth is soaked in the traced with a kalam
myrobalan solution in the pot for 10 to 15 giving a permanent black
minutes taking care that the cloth is evenly outline. Finer details of
soaked. The excess solution squeezed and the theme are also
the fabric in allowed to be dried in open fields. painted

Step 5
Paintings in the mordant alum solution for
red colour
The fabric is spread on a woolen rug
and the portions which are to appear
red are painted with the alum solution.
The cloth is dried in shade for a day.
Step 6
Red dying
The alum painted fabric is put into the red
dye liquor and the boiled for an hour. This
gives a brownish red shade and the
process may be repeated if a darker shade
of red is preferred.
Step 7
Bleaching
The cloth after developing the red on the
alum painted pattern is to make the
unpainted portion white, if desired.
Traditionally bleaching is done soaking
the cloth in water mixed with goat dung,
the fabric is squeezed and left of the
night.
Next morning the fabric is washed
thoroughly and dried in sunlight taking
care that the painted portions face
downwards. The cloth is kept moist by
sprinkling water over it hourly. The
treatment with goat dung is repeated in
the night followed by a repeat of drying.
The process is repeated for the 3rd time,
but this time the painted side is revealed
to the sunlight. Depending upon the
whiteness preferred the process may be
repeated a number of times. The portions
painted with the black and retain their
black and red.
Step 8

Painting in yellow
A repeat of the process of treating the fabric with buffalo milk solution is done
to prevent spreading of colour and making the surface leathry. The bleached
and milk treated fabric is spread on a blanket and the portions desired to be
yellow and green are painted with the help of a kalam. Once painted, the
fabric is allowed to dry in sunlight and washed the next day.

Step 9
Painting in blue and green colour
If a blue colour is desired, the cloth is once again treated with diluted
buffalo milk. The cloth is finally washed and dried. However the blue
applied by the ultra marine is not as fast as desired hence the cloth is
washed very lighty and carefully.
 VISUAL COMMUNICATION

Visual communication is
the practice of graphically
representing information
to efficiently, effectively
create meaning. There are
many types of content in
the realm of visual
communication, with
examples including
infographics, interactive
content, motion graphics,
and more.
A art form that doesn't have any kind of
rules.

Craft
● Puppetry
● Toys
● Textile
● Art works
Puppetry is a form of theatre or performance that involves the manipulation of
puppets
–inanimate objects, often resembling some type of human or animal figure,
that are animatedor manipulated by a human called a puppeteer. Such a
performance is also known as a puppet production.
Glove puppets, are also known as sleeve, hand or palm
puppets. ..
The tradition of glove puppets in India is popular in Uttar
Pradesh, Orissa, West Bengal and Kerala.
In Uttar Pradesh, glove puppet plays usually present
social themes, whereas in Orissa such plays are based on
stories of Radha and Krishna.
Shadow play, also known as
shadow puppetry, is an ancient
form of storytelling and
entertainment which uses flat
articulated cut-out figures
which are held between a source
of light and a translucent
screen or scrim. The cut-out
shapes of the puppets
sometimes include translucent
color or other types of detailing.
Terracotta toys
Terracotta toys were found in
Harappan civilization. They were
used by children to play in
Harappan civilization. They were
in different form - animals -
cows, bulls, sheep, etc....
Terracotta is usually baked clay
- that was used to make
different forms of toys.
Bamboo toys can last a
lifetime and are biodegradable,
causing no harm to the
environment. One such toy
company Made of Bamboo, by
Munir Vahanvati and Mittul
Vahanvati, has them
handcrafted from naturally
hollow bamboo, using minimal
industrial processing.
Kantha (also spelled kanta,
and qanta) is a type of
embroidery craft in the
eastern regions of the Indian
subcontinent, specifically in
Bangladesh and in the
Indian states of West
Bengal, Tripura and Odisha.
In Odisha, old saris are
stacked on each other and
hand-stitched to make a
thin piece of cushion.
Torana, also referred to as
vandana malik, is a free-
standing ornamental or
arched gateway for
ceremonial purposes seen in
the Hindu, Buddhist and
Jain architecture of the
Indian subcontinent,
Southeast Asia and parts of
East Asia.
Kolam is a form of
traditional decorative art
that is drawn by using rice
flour as per age old
conventions. ..Also Telugu
Diaspora across the
worldwide have the practice
of Muggu.
Rangoli is an art form
originating in the Indian
subcontinent, in which
patterns are created on
the floor or a tabletop
using materials such as
powdered limestone, red
ochre, dry rice flour,
coloured sand, quartz
powder, flower petals, and
coloured rocks.