Hurricane Fay

Hurricane Fay was the first hurricane to make landfall on Bermuda since Emily in 1987.[nb 1]
The sixth named storm and fifth hurricane of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season, Fay evolved
from a broad disturbance several hundred miles northeast of the Lesser Antilles on October
10. Initially a subtropical cyclone with an expansive wind field and asymmetrical cloud field,
the storm gradually attained tropical characteristics as it turned north, transitioning into a
tropical storm early on October 11. Despite being plagued by disruptive wind shear for most
of its lifetime, Tropical Storm Fay steadily intensified. Veering toward the east, Fay briefly
achieved Category 1 hurricane status while making landfall on Bermuda early on October 12.
Wind shear eventually took its toll on Fay, causing the hurricane to weaken to a tropical storm
later that day and degenerate into an open trough early on October 13.

A few tropical cyclone warnings and watches were issued in anticipation of Fay's impact on
Bermuda. Despite its modest strength, Fay produced extensive damage on Bermuda. Winds
gusting over 100 mph (155 km/h) clogged roadways with downed trees and utility poles, and
left a majority of the island's electric customers without power. The terminal building at L.F.
Wade International Airport was flooded after the storm compromised its roof and sprinkler
system. Along the coast, the storm unmoored and destroyed numerous boats. Immediately
after the hurricane, 200 Bermuda Regiment soldiers were called to clear debris and assist in
initial damage repairs. Cleanup efforts overlapped with preparations for the approach of the
stronger Hurricane Gonzalo, which struck the island less than six days later and compounded
the damage. Fay and Gonzalo marked the first recorded instance of two Bermuda hurricane
landfalls in one season.[1]

Meteorological history
 Hurricane Fay

Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS)

Map plotting the track and the intensity of the storm,

according to the Saffir–Simpson scale

Hurricane Fay originated in a disturbance

calved from a mid- to upper-level trough
over the east-central Atlantic.[2] On
Hurricane Fay at peak intensity over Bermuda
October 7, a broad region of showers and on October 12
thunderstorms formed around it, possibly
Formed October 10, 2014
enhanced by moisture from a tropical wave
Dissipated October 13, 2014
to the south. Tracking westward, the
energy coalesced into an upper-level cold- Highest winds 1-minute sustained: 80
core low on the following day, and an mph (130 km/h)

associated trough formed at the surface. Lowest pressure 983 mbar (hPa); 29.03
inHg
Southwesterly wind shear initially hindered
development, but as the system became Fatalities None
more vertically aligned on October 9, the Damage ≥ $3.8 million (2014
hostile winds calmed. In turn, a curved USD)
banding feature was able to take form.[2] Areas affected Bermuda
Early on October 10, satellite imagery Part of the 2014 Atlantic hurricane season
indicated that the center of circulation had
become better-defined, with a swath of
deep convection to the north and west of the low.[3] It became a subtropical storm at
06:00 UTC on October 10,[2] though it was not named "Fay" until later that day, after initially
being classified Subtropical Depression Seven.[3] Its involvement with the upper-level low and
wide radius of maximum winds precluded designation as a fully tropical cyclone.[3]
Fay as a subtropical storm on October 10

Immediately after forming, the storm moved northwestward around the periphery of a ridge
of high pressure in the central Atlantic. As Fay moved away from its parent upper low, wind
shear once again increased.[2] The National Hurricane Center originally expected the cyclone
to remain weak,[3] but Fay began organizing more quickly than anticipated. Relatively strong
winds sampled by a Hurricane Hunters aircraft necessitated a special off-hour advisory to
raise the cyclone's intensity estimate.[4] The storm started to acquire characteristics of a fully
tropical system, and despite strong southerly wind shear preventing thunderstorms from
developing near the center,[5] Fay's wind speeds steadily increased. Upper-level air divergence
from the nearby non-tropical low may have contributed to the storm's resilience.[2] After
convection became more symmetrical and the wind field contracted, Fay transitioned into a
tropical storm at 06:00 UTC on October 11.[2] At the same time, the system turned toward the
north around the central Atlantic ridge,[6] soon gaining an easterly component to its
movement. Fay remained heavily sheared, with the deepest convection still displaced from
the center.[7]

Forecasters originally believed Fay to have only briefly been a hurricane, but post-season
reanalysis revealed that the system had actually strengthened into a Category 1 hurricane by
early on October 12 and maintained that strength for 12 hours. The upgrade was confirmed
by buoy and land observations and weather radar data. At 08:10 UTC, the cyclone made
landfall on Bermuda with maximum sustained winds of 80 mph (130 km/h), the hurricane's
peak intensity. Fay was the first hurricane to make landfall on the island since Emily in
1987.[2] Its satellite presentation improved as a mid-level eye feature formed,[8] though the
system remained lopsided. Fay then accelerated toward the east-northeast ahead of a
shortwave trough to the north, which also acted to further enhance shear in the area. The
hurricane finally succumbed to the persistent wind shear when the low-level center
decoupled from the mid-level low and became elongated.[2] By the early morning hours of
October 13, Fay started transitioning into an extratropical cyclone as it entered a baroclinic
environment and ingested colder, drier air.[9] The circulation rapidly deteriorated;
consequently, the NHC issued its last operational advisory on the system at 21:00 UTC on
October 12.[10] Early the following day, the storm degenerated into an open trough, ending its
existence as a tropical cyclone. Shortly after, the system became reestablished as a frontal
cyclone, which lost its definition over the northeastern Atlantic on October 15.[2]

Preparations and impact

In advance of Fay, a tropical storm watch was issued on October 10 and upgraded to a
tropical storm warning the next day. Additionally, in response to the storm's unexpected
strengthening, a hurricane watch was posted at 21:00 UTC on October 11.[2] As it was a
Sunday, all public schools on the island were closed.[11] Bus and ferry services were
canceled,[12] and two cruise ships delayed their arrival into port to avoid the cyclone.[13]

One of numerous yachts wrecked by Hurricane Fay

Fay produced unexpectedly strong winds across Bermuda, especially over western and
southern parts of the territory. L.F. Wade International Airport reported 10-minute sustained
winds of 61 mph (98 km/h), with gusts to 82 mph (132 km/h). Several stations at higher
elevations recorded gusts in excess of 115 mph (185 km/h), reaching 123 mph (198 km/h) at
Commissioner's Point, about 150 ft (46 m) above sea level.[2] The most intense winds
occurred in a relatively quick burst on the backside of the storm, within a large band of
thunderstorms that affected the island a couple hours after the official landfall.[2][12] Local
radar imagery indicated possible tornadic activity coinciding with the period of most
damaging winds, though this could also have been an artifact of radar velocity folding.[14] A
gauge at St. George's recorded a 1.78 ft (0.54 m) storm surge, though higher water rises may
have affected the southern and western sides of the island.[2] Rainfall unofficially amounted
to 3.70 in (94 mm) as reported by a member of the public, and the airport recorded 1.87 in
(47 mm) of rain, though the observing equipment was compromised in both cases.[2]

The hurricane brought down thousands of trees and tree limbs, making streets
impassable.[14][15] The winds also toppled utility poles and inflicted roof damage on
buildings.[11][16] Over 27,000 of the Bermuda Electric Light Company's 36,000 customers lost
power at the height of the storm.[17] Several roads, including Front Street in Hamilton, were
flooded.[11] Many boats up to 60 ft (18 m) in length broke free from their moorings and were
damaged or destroyed upon being driven aground.[18] Hamilton city parks sustained
considerable damage, and were closed due to safety hazards.[19] The combined effects of
Fay and Gonzalo forced the Botanical Gardens and Arboretum to stay closed until mid-
November, while cleanup of vegetation damage was underway.[20]

Fay damaged the roof of the airport's terminal building, causing the sprinkler system to
malfunction and inundate parts of the structure with water; the resultant flooding crippled
computer systems crucial to processing passenger information. The airport's radar was also
impacted by the storm. In response to the damage, the airport was closed to all flights,
though it quickly reopened to emergency diversions and non-commercial flights.[21] Including
subsequent damage from Gonzalo, about $2 million was spent on airport repairs, and the
storms were later cited as evidence of the need for a newer terminal in a more protected
location.[22]

Overall, the cyclone's effects were greater than anticipated, with destruction at least partially
facilitated by saturated soils from nearly 14 inches (360 mm) of rain in August and above-
normal precipitation in September.[2] Farmers reported that much of their autumn and winter
crops had been lost, along with a few head of livestock.[23] Fay and Gonzalo had a significant
cumulative impact on Bermuda's agriculture and fishing industries, contributing to a slight
GDP decline.[24] By about a week after Fay's landfall, a local insurance company had received
nearly 400 claims resulting from the storm, accounting for $3.8 million in damage.[25]
However, with several insurers on the island, the actual damage total was likely much
higher;[2] in a report to the World Meteorological Organization, the Bermuda Weather Service
speculated that all insurance claims from Fay totaled "tens of millions of dollars".[14][nb 2] Ten
people suffered minor storm-related injuries, but no fatalities were attributed to the storm.[11]

Aftermath
Cleanup efforts after the storm were hastened as Hurricane Gonzalo approached from the
south, amid concerns that strewn debris from Fay could become airborne and exacerbate
future destruction. The unanticipated heavy damage from Fay prompted residents to prepare
more thoroughly for Gonzalo, as evidenced by stores reporting an influx of customers
purchasing emergency supplies.[26] Two hundred Bermuda Regiment soldiers helped clear
debris and began repairing structural damage.[27] On October 13, crews of soldiers put
tarpaulins on 30 homes with roof damage, as well as distributing another 150 tarps to
homeowners.[28]

Early on October 16, the Bermuda Electric Light Company (BELCO) switched its focus from
service restoration after Fay to preparations for the onslaught of Gonzalo, leaving about
1,500 households without power. The remaining affected customers were asked to refrain
from calling in to report outages, as further repairs would not be attempted before Gonzalo's
passage unless "an easy fix can be made [and] resources are available".[29] With the same
1,500 customers still without electricity by October 23, BELCO tasked several crews with
restoring the residual Fay outages on a priority basis,[30] aided by Caribbean Electric Utility
Services Corporation linemen who arrived in the aftermath of Gonzalo.[31] Following the two
hurricanes, service was not completely restored to the island until November 3;[14] BELCO
ultimately spent $2.9 million on system repairs, having replaced 228 utility poles and over
4 mi (6.5 km) of wire.[32]

See also

List of Bermuda hurricanes

Hurricane Karen (2001) – Also impacted Bermuda

Hurricane Fabian (2003) – Most destructive hurricane in the history of Bermuda

Hurricanes Paulette and Teddy (2020) – Two hurricanes that also impacted Bermuda
within a week of each other

Notes

1. A landfall occurs when the precise center of a storm crosses a coastline. It is possible for a tropical
cyclone to make a direct hit, but not a landfall (as with 2003's Hurricane Fabian on Bermuda).

2. The swift arrival of Gonzalo made it difficult to determine an accurate damage total for Fay alone.[2]

References

1. Daniel P. Brown (March 4, 2015). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Gonzalo (http://www.nhc.noaa.g
 ov/data/tcr/AL082014_Gonzalo.pdf) (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
November 1, 2015.

2. Todd B. Kimberlain (December 17, 2014). Tropical Cyclone Report: Hurricane Fay (http://www.nhc.no
aa.gov/data/tcr/AL072014_Fay.pdf) (PDF) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 2,
2015.

3. Todd B. Kimberlain (October 10, 2014). Subtropical Depression Seven Discussion Number 1 (http://w
ww.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.001.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane
Center. Retrieved October 15, 2014.

4. Michael J. Brennan (October 10, 2014). Subtropical Storm Fay Special Discussion Number 3 (http://w
ww.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.003.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane
Center. Retrieved October 10, 2014.

5. Michael J. Brennan (October 10, 2014). Subtropical Storm Fay Discussion Number 4 (http://www.nhc.
noaa.gov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.004.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane Center.
Retrieved October 15, 2014.

6. Stacy R. Stewart (October 11, 2014). Tropical Storm Fay Discussion Number 6 (http://www.nhc.noaa.
gov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.006.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane Center.
Retrieved October 15, 2014.

7. Michael J. Brennan (October 11, 2014). Tropical Storm Fay Discussion Number 8 (http://www.nhc.noa
a.gov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.008.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane Center.
Retrieved October 15, 2014.

8. Lixion A. Avila (October 12, 2014). Tropical Storm Fay Discussion Number 10 (http://www.nhc.noaa.g
ov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.010.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved
October 15, 2014.

9. David P. Roberts (October 13, 2014). Tropical Storm Fay Discussion Number 13 (http://www.nhc.noa
a.gov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.013.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane Center.
Retrieved October 15, 2014.

10. John P. Cangialosi (October 13, 2014). Remnants of Fay Discussion Number 15 (http://www.nhc.noa
a.gov/archive/2014/al07/al072014.discus.015.shtml?) (Report). National Hurricane Center.
Retrieved October 15, 2014.

11. Raymond Hainey, Jonathan Bell and Simon Jones (October 13, 2014). "Island counts cost of Fay's
fury" (http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141013/NEWS/141019923) . The Royal Gazette
(Bermuda). Retrieved October 16, 2014.

12. "Clean-up begins after Tropical Storm Fay batters Bermuda" (https://web.archive.org/web/201511221
80221/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Clean-up-begins-after-Tropical-Storm-Fay-batter
s-Bermuda) . The Jamaica Observer. October 12, 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.jamai
caobserver.com/latestnews/Clean-up-begins-after-Tropical-Storm-Fay-batters-Bermuda) on
November 22, 2015. Retrieved October 15, 2014.

13. Simon Jones (October 12, 2014). "Storm forces cruise delays" (http://www.royalgazette.com/article/2
0141012/NEWS/141019929) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
14. Review of the Past Hurricane Season (https://web.archive.org/web/20170618135434/https://www.w
mo.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/HC-37D0c424bermuda.doc) . RA IV Hurricane Committee
– Thirty-seventh session. San José, Costa Rica: World Meteorological Organization. April 13–17,
2015. Doc. 4.2(4): "Report from Bermuda". RA IV/HC-37. Archived from the original (https://www.wm
o.int/pages/prog/www/tcp/documents/HC-37D0c424bermuda.doc) (DOC) on June 18, 2017.
Retrieved October 31, 2015.

15. David McFadden (October 12, 2014). "Tropical Storm Gonzalo takes aim at Caribbean" (https://web.ar
chive.org/web/20141023111058/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/fay-hits-bermuda-
hurricane-open-waters-26143578) . ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original (http
s://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/fay-hits-bermuda-hurricane-open-waters-26143578)
on October 23, 2014. Retrieved October 15, 2014.

16. "Hurricane Fay Recap" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141015024152/http://www.weather.com/new

s/weather-hurricanes/hurricane-fay-bermuda-20141012) . The Weather Channel. October 14, 2014.
Archived from the original (http://www.weather.com/news/weather-hurricanes/hurricane-fay-bermud
a-20141012) on 2014-10-15. Retrieved October 15, 2014.

17. Jonathan Bell and Leanne McGrath (October 15, 2014). "Belco may get outside support" (http://www.r
oyalgazette.com/article/20141014/NEWS/141019862) . The Royal Gazette. Archived (https://web.a
rchive.org/web/20200604054256/http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141014/NEWS/1410198
62) from the original on June 4, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2014.

18. Sam Strangeways (October 14, 2014). "Day of misery for boat owners" (http://www.royalgazette.com/
article/20141014/NEWS/141019873) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 15, 2014.

19. "Post storm update from city of Hamilton" (http://bernews.com/2014/10/city-parks-damaged-lights-w

ithout-power/) . Bernews. October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 18, 2014.

20. "Gardens and arboretum re-opened after storms" (http://bernews.com/2014/11/tropical-storm-fay-hu

rricane-gonzalo-cleanup-update/) . Bernews. November 14, 2014. Retrieved October 31, 2015.

21. Jonathan Bell and Simon Jones (October 12, 2014). "Airport flooding causes 'rolling delays' " (http://w
ww.royalgazette.com/article/20141012/NEWS/141019930) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved
October 16, 2014.

22. Jonathan Kent (August 13, 2015). "Richards: Why we really need a new terminal" (http://www.royalgaz
ette.com/article/20150813/BUSINESS/150819867) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved September 23,
2015.

23. Simon Jones (October 14, 2014). "Crops destroyed, several farm animals killed" (http://www.royalgaz
ette.com/article/20141014/NEWS/141019872#disqus_thread) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved
May 14, 2015.

24. Scott Neil (September 15, 2015). "Hurricanes and newspaper's closure hit GDP" (http://www.royalgaz
ette.com/article/20150915/BUSINESS/150919802) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved September 24,
2015.
25. Jonathan Bell (October 20, 2014). "Gonzalo fell short of Fabian, but TS Fay 'punched above her
weight' " (http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141020/NEWS/141029989) . The Royal Gazette.
Retrieved October 20, 2014.

26. "Major Hurricane Gonzalo targets Bermuda after killing 1 in St. Maarten, injuring 12 others in Antigua"
(https://web.archive.org/web/20141104040605/http://www.weather.com/news/weather-hurricanes/
major-hurricane-gonzalo-bermuda-st-maarten-antigua-20141015) . The Weather Channel. October
15, 2014. Archived from the original (http://www.weather.com/news/weather-hurricanes/major-hurric
ane-gonzalo-bermuda-st-maarten-antigua-20141015) on November 4, 2014. Retrieved October 15,
2014.

27. Olivia Demarinis (October 15, 2014). "Hurricane takes aim at Bermuda" (http://www.latinpost.com/arti
cles/23747/20141015/hurricane-gonzalo-storm-path-and-update-hurricane-takes-aim-at-bermuda.h
tm) . Latin Post. Retrieved October 16, 2014.

28. "200 regiment soldiers help clean up after Fay" (http://bernews.com/2014/10/200-regiment-soldiers-

help-clean-fay/) . Bernews. October 13, 2014. Retrieved May 15, 2015.

29. Owain Johnston-Barnes (October 16, 2014). "Belco: 1,500 still without power" (http://www.royalgazett
e.com/article/20141016/NEWS/141019782) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved October 16, 2014.

30. "Belco to dedicate some crews to 'Fay 1500' " (http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20141024/NEW

S/141029780) . The Royal Gazette. October 24, 2014. Retrieved May 14, 2015.

31. Jonathan Bell (October 24, 2014). "Electricity restoration encounters obstacles" (http://www.royalgaz
ette.com/article/20141024/NEWS/141029771) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved May 15, 2015.

32. Jonathan Kent (May 12, 2015). "Belco seeks electricity price increase" (http://www.royalgazette.com/
article/20150512/BUSINESS03/150519918) . The Royal Gazette. Retrieved May 14, 2015.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hurricane Fay (2014).

[1] (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7GMr3IWRKJY) "Hurricane Fay's Force as

viewed from Bermuda's north shore.

Hurricane Fay advisory archive (http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/archive/2014/FAY.shtml?)

from the National Hurricane Center

Videos from The Royal Gazette, hosted on YouTube:

"Tropical Storm Fay" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=inYrWnw2OFY)

"TS Fay St Georges" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nIpLzU2JOO4)

"TS Fay Clean Up – Bermuda" (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qr5TP6iDRRk)

Photo gallery (http://imgur.com/a/jMch3#0) of storm damage from Bernews.com, hosted

on Imgur
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