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E-waste: an emerging threat to “one health

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DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-822474-8.00003-9

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Elsevier
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vi Contents

Other relevant contributions ........................................................................44

References ......................................................................................................45

Chapter 3 E-waste: an emerging threat to “One Health” .............................49

Atul Kumar and Varun Gupta
1. Introduction....................................................................................................49
2. E-waste generation .......................................................................................50
3. Impact on “One Health” ...............................................................................53
4. E-waste management and policy level initiatives in India .......................55
5. Conclusion .....................................................................................................59
References ......................................................................................................60
Further reading ..............................................................................................61

Part 2 Treatment technologies for WEEE

Chapter 4 Microbe-assisted management and recovery of heavy
metals from electronic wastes ........................................................65
R.M. Murugappan and M. Karthikeyan
1. Introduction....................................................................................................65
2. Composition of WEEE...................................................................................67
3. Environment concerns and health hazards................................................68
4. Burgeoning burden of e-waste ....................................................................71
5. WEEE management strategies ....................................................................72
6. Metallurgical processing of WEEE ..............................................................76
7. Conclusion .....................................................................................................82
References ......................................................................................................83
Websites .........................................................................................................88

Chapter 5 Biohydrometallurgical methods and the processes

involved in the bioleaching of WEEE .............................................89
M. Minimol, K. Vidya Shetty and M.B. Saidutta
1. Biological management of e-waste.............................................................89
2. Biohydrometallurgy for e-waste treatment ................................................90
Contributors

José A. Aznar-Sánchez
Department of Economy and Business, Research Centre CAESCG and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almerı́a,
Almerı́a, Spain

Uday Bhan
Department of Petroleum Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun,
Uttarakhand, India

Lahari Challa
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tadepalligudem, Andhra
Pradesh, India

Achlesh Daverey
School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Ksenija Den
ci
c-Mihajlov
University of Nis, Faculty of Economics, Trg kralja Aleksandra, Nis, Serbia

Shivani Goswami
Department of Biotechnology, Brahmanand College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar
Pradesh, India

Lalit Goswami
Center for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India

Sai Kishore Grandhi

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM (deemed to be
University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Varun Gupta
Deloitte Consulting LLP, Mechanicsburg, PA, United States

Subrata Hait
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India

Hamed Allahyari
Department of Civil Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Kavita Kanaujia
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
xii Contributors

Prameela Kandra
Department of Biotechnology, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM (deemed to be University), Visakhapatnam,
Andhra Pradesh, India

Venkata Nikhil Kandula

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM (deemed to be
University), Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

M. Karthikeyan
Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India

Mladen Krsti
c
University of Nis, Faculty of Economics, Trg kralja Aleksandra, Nis, Serbia

Atul Kumar
Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HP
Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India

Anamika Kushwaha
Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh,
India

Belén López-Felices
Department of Economy and Business, Research Centre CAESCG and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almerı́a,
Almerı́a, Spain

Dilip K. Maiti
Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Miguel J. Manzano-Archilla
Department of Economy and Business, Research Centre CAESCG and CIAIMBITAL, University of Almerı́a,
Almerı́a, Spain

M. Minimol
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore,
Karnataka, India

Soumyadeep Mitra
Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, University College of Science, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

R.M. Murugappan
Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Thiagarajar College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
 E-waste: an emerging threat to
3
"one health''
Atul Kumar,1 Varun Gupta2
1
Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, College of Veterinary
and Animal Sciences, CSK HP Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal
Pradesh, India; 2Deloitte Consulting LLP, Mechanicsburg, PA, United States

1. Introduction
The 18th century marked the beginning of the first industrial rev-
olution together with the advancement in the field of science and
technology. Thereafter, revolutionary developments in informa-
tion and communication technology brought enormous changes
in human civilization. These spectacular developments have
undoubtedly enhanced the quality of human lives. But, at the
same time, rapid growth of technology, up-gradation of technical
innovations, and a high rate of obsolescence in the electronics in-
dustry have led to a plethora of problems including the production
of hazardous and other nonbiodegradable waste in huge quanti-
ties (Hussain and Kharisov, 2017). Data from a single-day recycling
collection event revealed that >50% of rejected computers are in
good working order, but they are discarded nonetheless to make
way for the latest technology. Such wastes generated from electri-
cal and electronic equipment products constitute one of the
biggest and fastest-growing waste streams in the world with an
annual growth rate of 3%e5%. This is approximately three times
faster than other municipal solid waste (Ohajinwa et al., 2017).
These electronic and electrical wastes, commonly known as e-
waste, are waste generated from old, end-of-life electronic appli-
ances such as small and large household appliances, information
technology, and telecommunications equipment (e.g., com-
puters, laptops, TVs, DVD players, MP3 players, mobile phones,
etc.), lighting equipment, electrical and electronic tools, toys, lei-
sure and sports equipment, medical devices, monitoring and
control instruments, and automatic dispensers, etc., which have
been disposed by their original users (EC, 2003). Components of

Environmental Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822474-8.00003-9

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