Slideshow-TUV-SCADA-60-U 1-AA-2020-12-9

SCADA Operator Technician 60 Days
Course
Unit 1 – Industrial and Process Safety
© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Dr. Amr Arafa
SCADA Operator Technician 60 days Course- Unit 1: Industrial and Process Safety Page 1
SCADA Operator Course
Unit 1 – Industrial and Process Safety
Module 1.1
Common Plant Hazards

Dr. Amr Arafa
Identify common plant hazards in a facility.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Using this Module
This module will provide the you with an overview of common plant hazards
that you will face when you become an operator.
The key points to emphasize in this module are:
The importance of safety
The consequences of not being safe
The need to constantly look for hazards

Dr. Amr Arafa
Introduction
Here you will learn about plant hazards.

There are hazards all around you.
You face hazards every day. for example, driving a car is hazardous.
You learn to drive safely by knowing the hazards and following the traffic safety
rules.
To stay safe in any industrial workplace, you need to know the hazards and
follow the rules.
Here you will learn about the hazards in a plant and how to identify them.

Dr. Amr Arafa
PART I
Identify Common Plant Hazards in a Facility

Dr. Amr Arafa
What is a ‘Hazard’?
A hazard is anything that can cause harm to people, the environment, or
equipment.
Hazards that can cause harm to you are present in any industrial plant.
There are things you can trip over.
There are places you can fall from.
There is rotating machinery.
There are hot things.
You have to work with these hazards.
By knowing what the hazards are and following established procedures,
you can stay safe.
Unsafe acts happen if you are careless, or unaware of the hazards.
You can avoid unsafe acts.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Hardhat
Hearing Protection Safety Goggles / Glasses
Flame Retardant Coveralls
Work Gloves
© 2020 TÜV Rheinland Safety Boots/Shoes

Dr. Amr Arafa
List of some of the common types of hazard that you may see at your facility.
• H2S and other gas release
• Slips, Trips and Falls
• Smoking in restricted areas
• Rotating machinery
• Arc welding
• Oil and Chemical spills
• Crane and lifting (Rigging)
• Use of mobile phones
• Unauthorized work
• Radiation (Nucleonic)

Dr. Amr Arafa
H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide)
Hydrogen Sulfide, or H2S, is a gas that is often produced with crude oil from a
reservoir.
The amounts of H2S in the crude oil can vary.
There may be much or little. But even in small amounts H2S can be deadly.
The most serious hazard of H2S is that it can kill you at very low concentrations.
A low concentration of H2S in the air smells like rotten eggs.
Higher concentrations will affect your sense of smell, so you will not be able to
smell it at all.
H2S KILLS!!!

Dr. Amr Arafa
How many Parts Per Million (ppm) of H2S is required…
To detect the gas by smell 4.60
To start coughing, eye irritation, loss of sense of smell after 2–15 minutes 100
Lose consciousness within 30 minutes and death within one hour 500–700
Loss of consciousness at once and death within 2–5 minutes 1000–2000

Dr. Amr Arafa
When H2S is detected, you must know what to do.

If H2S is released in your immediate area, what equipment tells you the wind
direction?
A windsock
Which direction would you take?

Wind Direction
Downwind Upwind

Dr. Amr Arafa
If you are downwind from the source, do not move upwind until you are clear of
the gas.
How will you know IF you are clear of the gas? (Discuss)
What are the ‘golden rules’ if you suspect a colleague to be
unconscious from overexposure to H2S?
Never try to rescue him unless you are wearing breathing
apparatus.
Once the colleague is in an area clear of H2S, send for medical help
or start artificial respiration if you are qualified.
If you smell H2S on Monday morning but do not smell H2S in the
afternoon, does this mean the H2S has gone? (Discuss)
You are working at height when a high concentration of H2S is released
below you. What would you do? (Discuss)

Dr. Amr Arafa
Leaks
Any place where two pipes are joined and where pipes are joined to vessels and
tanks is a source of potential leaks.
Pressure and heat inside a pipeline can create a leak in a pipe joint.
Vibration, caused by a large machine, can loosen pipe joint bolts.
Corrosive liquids and gases can eat away the gasket in a pipeline joint and
create a leak.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Gasket
A gasket is placed in between two objects in order to prevent leakage.

Dr. Amr Arafa
A leak can be dangerous even if the leaking fluid is harmless.
What is the procedure when you discover a leak in your plant?
When you discover a leak in your plant you must…
report the leak and its location to your supervising operator
immediately.
He will contact the maintenance department who will repair the
leak.
Why is it so important to report leaks quickly?
An important reason for reporting the leak is so that other plant
personnel can be informed.
Another important reason is that very small leaks in hydrocarbon plant
pipelines can quickly become very big leaks.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Falls & Safety Harnesses
Any fall can cause serious injury.

There are many elevated platforms in any refinery.
They are safe if they are used correctly.
What should any elevated platform above ground level
have to protect against falls?
A protective railing to prevent you from falling.
What must you wear if no protective railing is in place?
If you need to work at height where there is no
railing, you must use a safety harness

Dr. Amr Arafa
Radiation (Nucleonic)
Many plants use (nucleonic) radiation test equipment.

This equipment is usually stored in an isolated part of the plant.
A warning sign is displayed wherever radioactive equipment is stored.
If the test equipment is being used in a plant, the testing area will be taped off
and the radiation warning sign displayed.
Radioactive sources are stored away from plant personnel.
You will not normally be in any danger of receiving a hazardous dose of
radiation.
You must learn to recognize the warning sign and keep away when there is
radiation work being carried out.
Exposure to radiation can be dangerous to you.
Radiation can cause cancer and other sicknesses.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Arc Welding
Maintenance work in a plant often requires the use of electric arc

welding machines.
Arc welding is a fire hazard. When arc welding is being performed in
a plant, an operator is assigned as fire watch.
The glare from an arc welder can permanently damage your
eyesight.
You do NOT have to be looking straight at it!!
The worker doing the welding has special eye protection
Sunglasses or safety glasses will not protect your eyes from the
glare of an arc welding machine.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Arc Eye
Arc-eye, or welder's flash, is an inflammation of the cornea, caused by
ultraviolet radiation from the arc during welding.
The sufferer is usually unaware that he has been significantly exposed until
several hours later.
The symptoms of arc-eye typically appear several hours after exposure,
when the eyes become red, watering and painful, often with a gritty feeling.
They may become sensitive to light.
The symptoms can be relieved by special eye drops.
It is advisable to seek medical advice, since there may also be a foreign body
or bodies in the eye.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Mobile Phones!!!!
Use of mobile phones at plant sites is hazardous.

Mobile phones are an ignition source.
Mobile Phones can ignite fuel or fumes.
Mobile phones that light up when switched on or when they ring release enough
energy to provide a spark for ignition.
They also have batteries which can explode at high temperatures.
The signal from a mobile phone can also cause changes in control systems and
instrumentation.
Never use a mobile phone or allow others to use a mobile phone in a prohibited
area.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Unauthorized Work
Carrying out unauthorized work is a safety hazard.

Never perform any task that you are not authorized or trained for.
You could injure yourself and others by using equipment incorrectly.
There are procedures and safety precautions for every task in a plant.
You must know these before you carry out a task.
What system do we use to control work in the industry?
Permit to Work

Dr. Amr Arafa
Summary
Always practice safety when you work in a plant.

Stay alert and be aware of the hazards.
The hazards are there, but they only cause accidents if you do not
see them and take action.
You must learn to recognize hazards.
If you are not sure about anything to do with safety, discuss it with
your supervisor or Loss Prevention representative.
Do not take chances.
Always be safe.
Do I know what the common plant hazards are?
Can I identify common plant hazards?
When you have answered “Yes” to these questions, then you are ready to
complete the module test.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Unit 1.2 – Chemical Hazards

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
INTRODUCTION:
Many chemicals are produced and used in the oil

and gas industry. You will handle chemicals as part of
your job. It is important that you know the hazards
associated with chemicals

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Chemicals can harm you. Chemicals can also ignite

very easily. Some chemicals may only be dangerous
if they are mixed with another chemical. You must
know about the dangers of chemicals that you will
be working with.
❏ health hazards
❏ flammability
❏ reactivity

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Health Hazards
The harm that chemicals can cause you depends on how you are exposed to the
chemical.
The most common chemical health hazards come from exposure to:
❏ toxic chemicals
❏ corrosive chemicals

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Toxic Chemicals
Toxic chemicals are poisonous to humans.
This means they will harm you if they get into your body.
Toxic chemicals can get into your body through your skin,
your mouth, or your lungs. A toxic chemical in your
body can make you sick. Many toxic chemicals can
cause serious injury or death. Figure 1 shows the
symbol for a toxic chemical. This symbol will be on
the container of any toxic chemical.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Corrosive Chemicals
Corrosive chemicals cause chemical burns to your skin.
These burns are very similar to burns from a fir
The most common corrosive chemicals are acids and bases. Common acids are
hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid. Common bases (or alkalis) are
sodium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate. Figure below shows the symbol for
a corrosive chemical hazard. This symbol will be on the container of a corrosive
chemical.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Flammability
Fire is a chemical reaction between a chemical (fuel) and oxygen. Figures below shows
the symbols for fire hazard. Flammable chemicals will have this label on the container.
Extremely Flammable Hydrogen, Acetylene, Propane , Butane

Diethyl Ether, Carbon Disulfide
Flammable Ethanol, Acetone, Gasoline,

Hexamine, Methanol

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Flammability
Flammability means how easy a fuel will burn. There are several conditions of a chemical
that are related to how flammable it is.
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)
The lowest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a vapor in air capable of producing a flash
of fire in presence of an ignition source (arc, flame, heat). The term is considered by many
safety professionals to be the same as the lower flammable limit (LFL). At a concentration in
air lower than the LEL, gas mixtures are "too lean" to burn. Methane gas has an LEL of 4.4%.
If the atmosphere has less than 4.4% methane, an explosion cannot occur even if a source of
ignition is present.
Percentage reading on combustible air monitors should not be confused with the LEL
concentrations. Explosimeters designed and calibrated to a specific gas may show the
relative concentration of the atmosphere to the LEL—the LEL being 100%. A 5% displayed
LEL reading for methane, for example, would be equivalent to 5% multiplied by 4.4%, or
approximately 0.22% methane by volume at 20 degrees C. Control of the explosion hazard is
usually achieved by sufficient natural or mechanical ventilation, to limit the concentration of
flammable gases or vapors to a maximum level of 25% of their lower explosive or flammable
limit.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Combustible gases parameters :
The following are important parameters you must know about combustible gases
Flash Point (Fl.P): The temperature at which a

combustible liquid gives off enough vapor to form
an ignitable and combustible mixture when air is
present near the liquid’s surface
Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) or Lower Flammable

Limit (LFL): The minimum concentration of gas or
vapor mixed with air that will cause the propagation
of flames when it is exposed to a source of ignition.
Window of Combustibility
Upper Explosive Limit (UEL) or Upper Flammable Limit (UFL): The maximum
concentration of gas or vapor mixed with air that will cause the propagation of flames
when it contacts an ignition source.
In common terminology, mixtures above UEL or UFL are too rich to support
combustion.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Upper Explosive Limit

Upper explosive limit (UEL): Highest concentration (percentage) of a gas or a
vapor in air capable of producing a flash of fire in presence of an ignition source
(arc, flame, heat). Concentrations higher than UFL or UEL are "too rich" to burn.
Note Well, All gases and vapors have different explosive limits
Acetylene ___________LEL = 2.5%, UEL = 81% (Volumes by air)
Diesel Fuel ___________LEL = 0.6%, UEL = 7.5%
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)__LEL = 4.3%, UEL = 46%
Flash Point (FP) is the lowest temperature at which a chemical or gas will burn

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Reactivity
A chemical reactivity hazard means that a chemical can be dangerous if it mixes
with another chemical. This is important whenever you may be using different
chemicals. Some chemicals can react violently and produce large amounts of
heat and gas if they mix with other chemicals. Some chemicals also react to
make toxic or flammable gas if they are mixed together.
Some chemicals can also react with different materials. The chemical may
dissolve or destroy the material. Be aware of the reactivity hazard when you see
the label as shown Below on a chemical container.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Warning Signs

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Chemical Safety
You must follow the correct procedures when you are working with hazardous
chemicals. Follow the chemical safety precautions to help prevent harm to
people and the environment. Before you use a chemical, you should know about
the following:
❏ storage and transportation

❏ disposal
❏ first aid
❏ personal protective equipment
❏ chemical hazard information

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Storage and Transportation
Some chemicals can be very dangerous if they are not stored correctly. The main
storage hazard is temperature. High temperature can cause high pressure. High
pressure can cause the container to break open (rupture) or explode. Some
chemicals also require special transport containers.
Chemical storage
Area

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Disposal
If you do not correctly dispose of chemicals, they can become a major hazard to
you, to other workers in your area, or to the environment. Used chemicals must
be put into the appropriate container and label correctly.
Chemical
Disposal
Area

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
First Aid
First aid is the assistance given to any person suffering a
sudden illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the
condition from worsening, and/or promote recovery. It includes initial
intervention in a serious condition prior to professional medical help being
available, such as performing CPR while awaiting an ambulance, as well as the
complete treatment of minor conditions, such as applying a plaster to a cut. First
aid is generally performed by the layperson, with many people trained in
providing basic levels of first aid, and others willing to do so from acquired
knowledge.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Personal Protective Equipment
It requires that you always wear the correct personal protective equipment
(PPE) when you are at work. There are many types of PPE that you will use when
you become an operator. These help protect you against harm from chemicals.
PPE protects your eyes and skin from chemicals. Some of the common types of
PPE you will wear when you work with chemicals are listed.
Safety Glasses
Safety glasses are the most common type
of safety eyewear. They are usually made of plastic
and can be shaded to protect your eyes from sunlight.
Safety glasses wrap around your eyes to stop flying
material or splashing liquids from entering your eyes.
Face Shields and Goggles

Used for higher risk activities where the risks are greater
Use together with glasses for greater protection

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Chemical Resistant Boots & Gloves

Chemical Resistant Boots are made from special materials to protect
Your feet, ankles and lower shins from chemical splashes and spills.
Ensure you have the correct size as too large a boot could let your
foot come free.
Chemical Resistant Gloves are made from different materials,

according to the type of chemical being handled, neoprene, nitrile
and rubber being the most common.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Chemical Suit
You may use a full chemical suit to protect yourself

from higher levels of exposure. You wear a chemical
suit to completely isolate yourself from a potential
chemical exposure.
Apron
An apron will protect the front of your body against chemical splashes.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Respirators
Half Face Full Face

Respirator Respirator
Half face respirator uses are very limited.

Full face respirator is more common and also Protects eyes.
SCBA has an air supply in the form of a pressurized cylinder,
Used for Higher risk scenarios
Self Contained
Breathing Apparatus

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Chemical Hazard Information

All chemicals used in the industry are included in the “Chemical Hazard Bulletin”
(CHB) and are included in “Hazcom” files.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Dr. Amr Arafa
Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
Summary
Here you learned that chemical hazards are hazards directly related to the
chemicals you will be working with every day. You learned that to be safe you
must know about the hazards associated with the chemicals you use. Read the
CHB and HAZCOM label for any chemical you are working with. These
documents give you the information you need to work safely with the chemical.
Think about the questions below to see if you feel confident about the topic.
❏ Do I know what hazards are associated with chemicals?
❏ Do I know where to find out about chemical hazards?
When you have answered “Yes” to these questions,
then you are ready to complete the module test.
Review the topic again if you need to. Ask your instructor if you still have any
questions about the content.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
What Chemical Hazard Does this symbol identify

________________
What information about a chemical can you get from a HAZCOM label?
_____________________________________________________
What Chemical Hazard Does this symbol identify

________________
Define LEL_______________________________
Define UEL_______________________________

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chemical Hazards
The maximum concentration of vapor or gas that will ignite in air at atmospheric
pressure is called: _____________________________
What chemical hazard does this symbol signify?

____________________
Describe Reactivity of Chemicals______________________

________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
________________________________________________

Dr. Amr Arafa
Unit 1.3 - Fire Safety

Dr. Amr Arafa
1. Introduction
• Fire prevention is the most important safety concern.
• Fire in facility with hydrocarbons can be disastrous.
• It is the responsibility of every employee
• to prevent fires at their workplace, and
• to know what to do if a fire occurs.
• Here you will learn about
• what causes a fire to start,
• fire protection methods, and
• your responsibilities in relation to fire safety.

Dr. Amr Arafa
2. Requirements for Fire Prevention
Combining fuel & oxygen in the
• Preventing a fire is better than presence of high heat will lead
extinguishing it. to combustion
• Fire prevention is everyone’s
responsibility.
• The key to fire prevention is
• awareness of fire hazards
• the nature of fire.
• Understanding fires and their causes
is vital to fire safety
Extinguish a fire by removing

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland any one of the three elements
Dr. Amr Arafa
• When enough heat is applied to a Combining fuel & oxygen in
volatile solids or liquid fuels, it will the presence of high heat
produce a vapor. will lead to combustion
• It is the vapor that burns, not the
solid or liquid itself.
• Liquids may produce flammable
vapors at room temperature.
Extinguish a fire by removing

any one of the three
elements
Dr. Amr Arafa
Examples of common fuels
Solid
Examples of a solid fuel
are wood,
plastic, clothes, and coal.
Liquid
Examples of flammable liquids are gasoline, crude oil, cooking oil,
and oil paint.
Gas
Examples of gasses as fuels are liquid petroleum gas, methane
etc. (Any flammable vapor at atmospheric pressure)
Dr. Amr Arafa
Oxygen
• The oxygen present in the air
is enough for most fires to
start.
• A fuel will ignite when enough
heat is applied.
• The heat energy from the fire keeps the fire going.
• Approximately 21% of the air you breathe contains
oxygen, so there is almost always an available supply for
fire to start.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Heat
• Heat provides the energy to initiate the
combustion process.
• Heat creates flammable vapors from the
fuel.
• If the heat continues to rise, the vapors
will ignite.
• More heat is released if a fire starts.

• This heat from the fire causes more vapors to be released and
ignited.
• The fire will then continue to burn until the heat, or the fuel or
the oxygen is removed.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Fire prevention
• Be aware of the possible dangers that can cause a fire.
• It is important that you practice fire prevention.
• Prevent fire by ensuring that the three elements of the fire
triangle are kept apart.
• Extinguish a fire by removing any one of the three
elements.
• Oxygen cannot be safely removed from the working
environment, so you must keep fuel and heat well away
from each other.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Fuel
• Fuels in a plant is the flammable liquids and gases used
• Most of these liquids and gases are contained by plant
equipment
• Equipment also keeps them away from heat sources
• Risk of fire increases if there is a leak in equipment.
• Workplaces also have flammable liquids for cleaning.
• Flammable gases are often used for welding.
• Containers which hold flammable material should be kept
in proper storage areas.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Heat
• Heat sources are common in industrial environments.
• They can create an ignition source for a flammable liquid or gas
that leaks into the plant.
• Examples of heat sources at your workplace include exposed
equipment, sparks, smoking and hot work
Exposed Equipment
• Hot pipes and equipment operating at high
temperature are normally kept insulated.
• However, this insulation is sometimes
removed for maintenance purposes and is
not always replaced.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Sparks
• A spark is a very hot small particle of material.
• Spark sources could be electrical appliances,
welding, the impact of a hand tool.
• Do not use unsafe electrical equipment.
• Do not use a mobile phone in a hazardous area.
• Take precautions when you use hand tools.
Smoking
• Any naked flame in an environment where hydrocarbons are
present would create a serious hazard.
• You should always observe and follow the signs and strictly
enforced restrictions on smoking and no-smoking areas.
• Only smoke in designated smoking areas.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Hot Work
• Some types of work such as welding or grinding may use
equipment that can produce a source of ignition.
• The Hot Work Permit
system is used for any
hot work.
• This system ensures that
all necessary precautions
are taken before work
can begin with
equipment that may
present a risk of fire.

Dr. Amr Arafa
3. Equipment for fire detection and firefighting
Fire detection
• If a fire does occur in any workplace it is important to raise the
alarm as soon as possible.
• The fire can then be dealt with before it
becomes more serious.
• Most facilities will have smoke detectors
and manual alarms.
• Smoke detectors are placed at suitable
locations around the workplace.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Manual alarms
• There are different types of manual alarm
activators.
• You should make sure that you know where the
nearest manual alarm is in case you need to
raise the alarm.
• A facility may have heat detectors or flame detectors to raise
the alarm if they overheat or catch fire.
• Once the alarm is raised, personnel can evacuate the area and,
if possible, the fire can be dealt with safely.
• If you see a fire, you should raise the alarm immediately.
• If the fire alarm is activated, you should proceed as directed by
the emergency procedures for your workplace.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Firefighting
• The best form of protection against fire is to prevention.
• Ensuring that heat, fuel, and oxygen are not brought together.
• Extinguish as soon as possible, prevent it getting out of control.
• Fires are classified according to the material that is burning. Fires are
classified as Class A, Class B, or Class C.
• In most workplaces, there are several methods available to extinguish
a fire. The most common are listed below.
• portable fire extinguishers fire carts
• fire blankets fire hoses
• fire monitors fire hydrants
• deluge system

Dr. Amr Arafa
3. Equipment for fire detection and firefighting (UK)

Dr. Amr Arafa
3. Equipment for fire detection and firefighting (USA)

Dr. Amr Arafa
3. Equipment for fire detection and firefighting (UK Color Code)

Dr. Amr Arafa
Dr. Amr Arafa
Portable Fire Extinguishers

• There are usually several fire
extinguishers located around the
workplace.
• Fire extinguishers are classified
according to the type of fire they
are used to extinguish.
Fire Carts
• Fire carts supply a larger amount of chemical
fire extinguishing material than a portable fire
extinguisher.
• These are used for Class B fires.
• The fire carts contain dry powder chemicals
and/or chemical foam.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Fire Blankets
• A fire blanket is used to cover a person whose
clothes are on fire.
• The fire blanket is made of a heavy material that
does not burn easily.
• The fire blanket stops oxygen from reaching the
clothes, and extinguishes the fire.
Fire Hoses
• In addition to fire extinguishers, your workplace
may have fire hoses located at suitable places.
• Trained personnel use fire hoses to control or
extinguish a fire with water.
• They should only be used on the type of fires that
a water extinguisher is suitable for.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Fire Monitors
• Use fire monitors to spray water onto
equipment if there is a nearby fire.
• Cools the equipment to prevent it becoming
overheated and possibly igniting.
• Fire monitors can be mobile or fixed.
• Fixed monitors are connected to the facility
firewater system.
Fire Hydrants
• Pipes connected to the facility firewater systems.
• Fire department connect hoses to hydrants when
fighting a fire.
• Only connect a hose to a fire hydrant if directed
to do so.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Deluge System
• If a vessel is too large for a fire
monitor to keep it cool, it may
be equipped with a deluge
system.
• In the event of fire, a series of
pipes cover the vessel with
water, or a mixture of water and
foam.
• This will extinguish the fire or
prevent the vessel from
overheating.

Dr. Amr Arafa
3. Employee responsibilities in relation to fire safety
• Fire safety is everyone’s responsibility.

• To prevent a fire at the workplace you
should be aware of any hazards that may
cause a fire.
• Always report any fire hazards that you
see, and remove them if possible.
• In an emergency you must know the quickest way to get to safety at
your workplace.
• Study the emergency exit plan for where you are working.
• You must know your safest exit before there is an emergency. Do not
wait until there is an emergency before you study the exit plan, it may
be too late.

Dr. Amr Arafa
3. Employee responsibilities in relation to fire safety
• Safety drills are held at all facilities to help personnel prepare for
emergencies such as a fire.
• Unless you are directed not to participate, you should use the safety
drill to think about how you would escape if the emergency was real.
• Unless you have been fully trained in firefighting procedures, you
should not attempt to fight a fire.
• See table below for your responsibilities in the event of a fire.
Fire Response Procedures

Summon help and/or sound the alarm immediately on discovering a fire.
Only trained personnel shall operate fire extinguishers and firefighting equipment
Evacuate the area as per the local emergency response plan
Dr. Amr Arafa

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SCADA Operator Technician 60 Days

Unit 1 – Industrial and Process Safety

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Here you will learn about plant hazards.

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Flame Retardant Coveralls

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland Safety Boots/Shoes

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

To detect the gas by smell 4.60

Loss of consciousness at once and death within 2–5 minutes 1000–2000

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

When H2S is detected, you must know what to do.

Which direction would you take?

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Any fall can cause serious injury.

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Many plants use (nucleonic) radiation test equipment.

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Maintenance work in a plant often requires the use of electric arc

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Use of mobile phones at plant sites is hazardous.

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Carrying out unauthorized work is a safety hazard.

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Always practice safety when you work in a plant.

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Many chemicals are produced and used in the oil

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Chemicals can harm you. Chemicals can also ignite

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Extremely Flammable Hydrogen, Acetylene, Propane , Butane

Flammable Ethanol, Acetone, Gasoline,

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Flash Point (Fl.P): The temperature at which a

Lower Explosive Limit (LEL) or Lower Flammable

Upper Explosive Limit

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© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

❏ storage and transportation

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Storage and Transportation

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© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Face Shields and Goggles

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Chemical Resistant Boots & Gloves

Chemical Resistant Gloves are made from different materials,