Slideshow-TUV-SCADA-60-U 3-AA-2020-09-13

SCADA Operator Technician 60 Days
Course
Unit 3 –Process Equipment
© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Dr. Amr Arafa
SCADA Operator Technician 60 Days Course-Unit 3: Process Equipment Page 1
SCADA OPERATOR COURSE
Function of Pumps

Dr. Amr Arafa
Introduction
Part One - Describes the major parts of a pump.
Part Two - Describes the Types of pump used in a plant

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part1 –Identify Major Parts of a Pump
Outlet Flange
Pump
Housing
Inlet
Flange

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
• Q. What type of pump is shown in the Picture?

Centrifugal Pump
• Q. What are the main parts of the pump?
Pump Driver
Lubrication system
Pump shaft
Shaft seal
Pumping element
Volute
Bearing housing
Drive coupling

Dr. Amr Arafa
Pump Driver
Driver

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
• Q. What is the function of the pump driver?

It produces power to run the pump
• Q. What are the common pump drivers?

Electric motors
Steam Turbines

Dr. Amr Arafa
Lubrication System

Dr. Amr Arafa
Lubrication System
• What is the function of the Lubrication system?

It is an assembly of equipment that supplies lube oil
to the moving parts of the pump.
It keeps the moving parts cool & clean.
Lube oil reduces friction between parts that rub
against each other.
Oil also removes dirt & waste metal from the parts.
• Name the 4 components of the Lubrication system?
Oil Reservoir
Oil pump
Oil Filter
Oil Cooler

Dr. Amr Arafa
Pump Shaft
• The pump shaft is the metal rod that drives
the pump.
• The driver(motor) turns the pump shaft & makes
the pump work.
• The pumping element is attached to the shaft.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Shaft Seal
• The shaft seal is a part that stops liquid from leaking

out around the pump shaft.
• The shaft seal can be made up of a Rope, Fibre or metal.
• The picture shows an example of a metal shaft seal.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Pumping Element
• It is the part creates suction to pull the liquid in to the pump.

• It also pushes the liquid out of the pump.
• Different pumps use different types of pumping element.
• Examples of pumping elements are: Impeller, Gear, Screw, Vane, and Piston.
• The centrifugal pump in the picture uses an impeller.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Volute

Dr. Amr Arafa
Volute
• Only Centrifugal pumps have a volute.
• The inside part of the centrifugal pump housing is called a volute.
• The shape of the volute forces the liquid from the inlet on to the eye of the impeller.
• The impeller inside the volute increases the pressure of the liquid.
• The liquid then leaves the volute through the outlet flange.
• The picture shows how the pumping element & volute direct the liquid to the
outlet.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Bearing Housing

Dr. Amr Arafa
Bearing Housing
• Bearing housing is a metal cover.
• It has bearings inside.
• What is the function of the bearings?
Bearings hold the pump shaft in place

and allow it to rotate freely.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Drive Coupling

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
• Q. What is the Drive Coupling?

• It is the metal part that connects the pump shaft to the
pump driver.
• The drive coupling is covered with a metal coupling guard.
• Q. What is the function of the coupling guard?

• It protects the coupling & you from getting hurt.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Exercise A
B C D
A

Dr. Amr Arafa
Exercise A
Q1.Name the parts labelled on the pump?

A = Outlet Flange
B = Pump casing
C = Bearing housing
D = Pump Driver
E = Inlet flange
F = Drive coupling
Q2.What is the function of the lubrication system on pump?
Reduces friction between parts that rub
against each other
Keeps moving parts cool & clean
Removes dirt & waste metals from parts

Dr. Amr Arafa
Exercise A
Q3. Which part of the pump stops liquid from leaking

out around the pump shaft?
The shaft seal
Q4. Which part of the pump is the part that pushes
liquid out of the pump?
The impeller inside the volute increases the pressure of the liquid & then sends the
liquid through the outlet flange
Q5. Which part of the pump connects the pump shaft to the driver?
Drive coupling

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 2
Identify Types of Pumps used in a plant
• Different types of pumps are used for

different purposes in a plant.
• Q. What are the most common types of pumps

in a plant?
Centrifugal pumps
Rotary pumps
Reciprocating pumps

Dr. Amr Arafa
Centrifugal Pumps
• Centrifugal pump uses centrifugal force to push

liquid through a pipeline
• The pumping element in a centrifugal pump

is an impeller that spins.
• The spinning impeller creates centrifugal force.
• Centrifugal force is a spinning force that tends to move things away from the
center of a circle.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Centrifugal Force
• Picture shows the effect of centrifugal force.
• As water is poured onto a spinning plate, the

water is forced out to the side of the plate.
• The spinning plate is creating a

centrifugal force.
• The centrifugal force moves the water

outwards to the edge of the plate
& over its sides.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Impeller

Dr. Amr Arafa
Impeller
• An impeller is a rotating component of a

centrifugal pump.
• It moves the liquid through the pump.
• The liquid coming out of the centrifugal pump is at a higher pressure than the
liquid at the inlet.
• The difference in pressure is called differential pressure (DP).
• An example of differential pressure is if a liquid product enters a centrifugal pump

at 60 psi & leaves at 80 psi, the differential pressure will be 20 psi.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Multistage Centrifugal Pump

Dr. Amr Arafa
Multistage Centrifugal Pump
• A large centrifugal pump can have more than

one impeller.
• This type is called multistage pump.
• More spinning impellers increase the output pressure.
• The picture shows an example of a multistage

centrifugal pump.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Advantages & Disadvantages of Centrifugal pumps
Advantages:
• Not expensive to buy.
• Can be used with many liquids.
• Can transfer large amounts of liquids.
Disadvantages:
• Need to be primed before use.
• If liquid enters the pump at very low pressure,
it can cause Cavitation & damage the pump.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Test
• Q. What is Cavitation?
Small bubbles in a liquid on the inlet side cause severe
vibrations due to low suction pressure, in a centrifugal pump.
• Q. What do you understand by the term

“to prime a pump”?
To prime a pump means to fill it completely
with liquid to drive out any trapped
air or gas bubbles

Dr. Amr Arafa
Rotary Pumps
• Rotary pumps are positive displacement pumps.
• Displacement is when a solid object moves into the space where the fluid is.
• This forces the fluid to move.
• This is what happens in a Rotary pump ; The moving parts of the pump occupy the
space of the liquid & force the liquid out of the pump.
• Each type of Rotary pump has a different pumping element.
• Main Types of Rotary pumps are:
Gear pumps
Screw pumps
Vane pumps

Dr. Amr Arafa
Gear Pumps
• In a Gear pump, liquid is trapped between the gear teeth & housing.
• The rotation of the Gears pressurizes the liquid & forces it out the discharge outlet.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Screw Pumps
• In a screw pump, the liquid at the pump inlet is trapped between the screws.
• The rotation of the screws forces the liquid out the pump discharge at a high
pressure.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Vane Pumps
• In a vane pump, liquid is trapped between the rotating vanes & the housing.
• The centrifugal force of the vanes increases the speed of the liquid.
• The tapered housing forces the liquid out of the pump at a high pressure.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Advantages & Disadvantages of Rotary pumps
Advantages:
• It can pump & viscous liquids
• Can pump at a constant flow rate.
Disadvantages:
• Any dirt or sand in the liquid can damage the pump.
• Pumps liquid even if the downstream pipeline is blocked.
• This can damage the pipeline.
_______________________________
• All positive displacement pumps are equipped with a pressure

relief valve to protect them from pressure buildup on the
discharge line.
• Pressure build up may damage the pump or pipeline.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Reciprocating Pumps
• Reciprocating pump also uses positive displacement
to push liquid through a pipeline.
• It uses a cylinder & piston as the pumping element.

• The cylinder traps the liquid inside .
• The piston forces the liquid out of the cylinder.
• The drive shaft provides the rotation to operate the cylinder.
Main types of Reciprocating pumps are:

• Single acting
• Double acting

Dr. Amr Arafa
Single Acting Reciprocating Pumps
• This pump moves liquid from only one side of the piston.
• It has only one suction valve & one discharge valve.
• When the piston moves back, the suction valve opens & liquid enters the
cylinder. This is called the suction stroke.
• When the piston moves forward, the suction valve closes, & the discharge
valve opens.
• The liquid is forced out of the cylinder.
• This is called the Discharge stroke.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Double acting Reciprocating pumps
• This pump moves liquid from both sides of the piston.

• These pumps have 2 suction valves & 2 Discharge valves.
• At each forward & return stroke of piston, one suction valve is open at one end
of the pump, at the same time discharge valve is opened at the opposite end of
the pump.
• This helps maintain an even flow of the liquid through it.
• It also reduces the rise & fall of the pressure that is caused by the reciprocating
action of the pump.(Pulsation)

Dr. Amr Arafa
Single Acting Reciprocating Pumps
Advantages:
• Can pump liquids at very high pressure.
• Can pump thick & viscous liquids.
Disadvantages:
• Expensive to repair.
• Delivers pulsating flow.
• Process systems do not like pulsating flow.
• Pumps liquid even if the downstream line is blocked.
• This can damage the pipeline.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Q. Which type of pump uses an impeller as the pumping element?

Centrifugal pump
Q. Which type of pump uses a screw as the pumping element?
Screw pump
Q. What are the 3 types of Rotary pumps?
Rotary ; Screw and Vane
Rotary & reciprocating pumps use positive _________
Displacement
A reciprocating pump uses a __________and a _________
as the pumping element.
Cylinder & Piston

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
• Give one advantage & disadvantage of a centrifugal pump?

Advantage: Can be used with many liquids
Disadvantage: Need to be primed before use.
• Give one advantage & disadvantage of a rotary pump?

Advantage: Can pump thick & viscous liquids
Disadvantage: pumps liquid even if the downstream line is
blocked
• Give one advantage & disadvantage of a reciprocating pump?

Advantage: can pump liquids at very high pressure
Disadvantage: expensive to repair & delivers a pulsating flow.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Summary
• The function of a pump is to move liquid from place to

another.
• There are different types of pumps that use different methods

to move liquid.
• Each type of pump has advantages & disadvantages.
• The main types of pumps are:

Centrifugal pumps ,Rotary pumps & reciprocating pumps.
• Each type of pump has the same basic parts.

Dr. Amr Arafa
SCADA OPERATOR TECHNICIAN COURSE
Function of Compressors

Dr. Amr Arafa
Introduction
Part One - Describes the major parts of a compressor.
Part Two - Describes the Types of Compressor
used in a plant.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Introduction
There are different types & sizes of compressors in a plant.
Most compressors have the same parts.
The function, operation, and parts of compressors
are very similar to pumps.
Most of the moving parts of a compressor are contained in a metal
cover called compressor housing.
The inlet flange is where the gas enters.

The outlet flange is where the gas is discharged.
The inlet & outlet flanges are connected to pipes, so that gas can flow
into & away from the compressor.
The moving parts work to move the gas.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Multistage Centrifugal Compressor
• The main function of a compressor is to increase the pressure of
gas.
• It is used to move gas the same way that a pump is used to move
liquid.
• It also pressurizes gas by reducing the volume of the gas.
• Compressors are also examples of rotary equipment you will see
in a plant.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Identify Main Parts of a Compressor
Compressor Driver
Lubrication system
Compressor shaft
Diffuser
Bearing housing
Gas aftercooler
Anti-surge control valve
Safety relief valve

Dr. Amr Arafa
Compressor Driver
The compressor driver is a device that produces power to run the

compressor.
The commonly used drivers are electric motors, steam turbines, or
gas turbines.
Compressors drivers perform the same function for compressors
as pump drivers do for pumps.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Lubrication system
It is an assembly of equipment that supplies lube oil to the moving

parts of the compressor.
It keeps the moving parts cool & clean.
The lube oil reduces friction between parts that rub against each
other.
It also removes dirt & waste metal from the parts.
It is made up of an Oil reservoir , oil pump, oil filter & cooler.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Compressor Shaft
It is a metal rod that drives the compressor.

The driver turns the compressor shaft & makes the compressor
work.
As with a pump, a drive coupling connects the compressor driver
to the compressor shaft.
A shaft seal also prevents gas from leaking out around the
compressor shaft.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Diffuser
It is a set of metal plates that reduce the speed of gas by changing

direction & increasing its pressure.
It also makes the gas flow in the right direction, so that it does not
flow back into the compressor.
It works with the impeller & volute.
The compressing element (impeller) performs the same function in
the compressor as it does in a pump.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Bearing housing
The bearing housing is a metal cover.

It has bearings inside.
As with a pump, the bearings hold the compressor shaft in place
and allow the shaft to turn freely.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Gas Aftercooler
Compressed gas is hot.

The gas aftercooler equipment cools compressed gas to normal
operating temperature as it leaves the compressor.
Picture shows how water cools the gas leaving the compressor.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Anti-Surge Control Valve
It protects a compressor from surging.

Surge happens when the flow rate inside the compressor is very
low.
If the flow rate is too low, the discharge gas flows backwards
through the compressor.
This makes the pressure in the compressor fluctuate rapidly.
The rapid change in pressure due to surging can cause vibration

damage to the compressor bearings and seals.
The anti-surge control valve prevents surging.
The valve sends discharge gas to the suction side of the
compressor.
This increases the gas flow rate & then prevents surge.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Safety Relief Valve
If the pressure inside a compressor becomes too high, safety relief

valves will open to vent gas to a safe location.
This reduces the pressure inside the compressor.
The safety relief valves send some of the gas to a flare, where it
can be burned safely.
A large compressor can have many safety relief valves.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Look at figure 8 and identify the following:
A = Compressor Housing
B = Outlet flange
C = Inlet Flange
D = Compressor Driver

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Q. What is the function of the diffuser in a compressor?

 It reduces the speed of gas by changing the direction
 & increasing its pressure
Q. Which part of the compressor reduces the temperature of gas as it

leaves the compressor?
 Gas Aftercooler
Q. What is the function of the lubrication system on a compressor?

To supply lube oil to moving parts of compressor
To keep the moving parts cool & clean.
To reduce friction between parts that rub against each other.
To remove dirt & waste metal from the parts.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
What can happen in a compressor if the flow rate is too low?

the compressor will start to surge
Which is the part that will protect a compressor against

high pressure?
Safety Relief Valve
What is the function of a compressor?

to increase the pressure of a gas

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 2
Identify the Types of Compressor used in a plant
Different types of compressors are used for different purposes
The most common types are
Centrifugal compressors
Axial compressors
Reciprocating compressors

Dr. Amr Arafa
Centrifugal Compressors
Use centrifugal force to increase the pressure of a gas.
It operates in a similar way to a centrifugal pump.
Centrifugal compressors rotate much faster than centrifugal

pumps.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Four stage Centrifugal compressor
Gas enters the compressor the suction inlet.

The gas is forced over the diffuser by the impeller.
The gas is directed to the discharge outlet by the volute.
A large multistage centrifugal compressor will have more than one
impeller.
Each stage increases the pressure of the gas.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Advantages & Disadvantages- Centrifugal compressors
Advantages:
High pressure possible.
Not expensive to buy.
Not expensive to maintain.
Disadvantages:
Cannot produce very high pressures without multiple stages.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Axial Compressors
Axial compressor uses axial flow to compress gas.

Axial flow means that gas flows along the axis of the compressor’s
drive shaft.
Axial flow is created by metal blades called airfoils.
Air foils are blades that are attached to a rotor.

Dr. Amr Arafa
AXIAL COMPRESSOR OPERATION
When the compressor shaft turns, the air foils push gas
forward along the compressor shaft.
This flow is called axial flow.
Axial flow increases the gas pressure.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Axial Compressors
Advantages:
• High pressure possible
• Very efficient
Disadvantages:
• Require many air foils to produce high pressures.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Reciprocating Compressors
• It uses positive displacement to compress gas.

• Works the same way as a reciprocating pump.
• It has a cylinder & piston inside the housing.
• Cylinder traps the gas inside.
• The piston forces the gas out of cylinder.
• The drive shaft provides the rotation to operate the
cylinder.
Main Types of Reciprocating compressors:
• Single Acting
• Double Acting
• Two-Stage

Dr. Amr Arafa
Single Acting Reciprocating Compressors
• Compress gas on only one side of the piston.

• Operate just like a single acting reciprocating pump.
• Has only one suction valve & one discharge valve for each piston.
• When the piston moves back, the suction valve opens & gas
enters the cylinder, which is called the suction stroke.
• When the piston moves forward, the suction valve closes &
discharge valve opens.
• Gas is then forced out the cylinder through the discharge valve,
which is called the discharge stroke.
• Picture shows piston stroke of a
single-stage reciprocating compressor.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Double acting Reciprocating Compressors
• Compress gas on both sides of piston.

• It has 2 suction valves on either side of the piston.
• At each stroke of the piston one suction valve is open on one side of
the piston.
• At same time one discharge valve is open on the other side of piston.
• This maintains an even pressure
of discharged gas.
• Picture shows return stroke of a

double acting reciprocating compressor
piston.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Two-Stage Reciprocating Compressors
• Uses cylinders & pistons to compress gas
in 2 stages.
• Gas discharged from the first stage goes
into the second stage.
• This process creates a higher pressure
than a reciprocating compressor that has
only just one stage.
• An intercooler cools the gas before it goes
to the second stage.
• Cooling the gas allows higher
compression in the second stage.
• Picture shows operation of a two-stage

reciprocating compressor.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Reciprocating Compressors
Advantages:
• Provide very high discharge pressures.
• Very efficient.
Disadvantages:
• Expensive to buy.
• Large reciprocating compressors are very heavy.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
Q. Which type of compressor uses an impeller to compressor gas?
Centrifugal compressor
Q. Which type of compressor uses air foils to compress gas?
Axial compressor
Q. What are 3 main types of compressors used in a plant?
Centrifugal // Axial // Reciprocating
Q. Reciprocating compressors use ___________displacement

positive
Q. A single acting reciprocating compressor has one ________
valve and one ___________ valve.
suction & Discharge

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Q. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of a centrifugal

compressor?
advantage - not expensive to buy
disadvantage - cannot produce very high pressure
without multiple stages
Q. Give one advantage & one disadvantage of an axial compressor?
advantage - high pressure is possible
disadvantage - Require many airfoils to produce high pressure.
Q. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of a reciprocating
compressor ?
advantage - produce very high discharge pressures.
disadvantage - expensive to buy.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Summary
• The function of a compressor is to pressurize gas & move it from one
place to another.
• There are different types of compressors that use different methods to

pressurize gas.
• Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages.

• Main types of compressors are:
Centrifugal ; Axial and Reciprocating

• Each type of compressor has the same basic parts.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Function of Piping Systems

Dr. Amr Arafa
Terminal Objectives:
Unaided- the trainee will identify the function and main components of piping systems.
Enabling Objectives:
Unaided, the trainee will define the function of piping systems.
Unaided, the trainee will identify pipeline components

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part One - Describes the function of piping systems
Part Two - Describes the identification of pipeline systems

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 1
Define the function of Piping Systems

Introduction:
• Piping systems make up most of the equipment at any plant.
• Pipes are tubes made up of metal or plastic
• Piping materials at a refinery bring raw materials & chemicals

to a process.
• Pipes are used to move intermediate products between processes.
• Pipes are also used to move final products out of a process.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Pipelines
• Piping systems move liquids & gases in the oil & gas industry.
• Contain & transport fluids from one place to another.
• Transport liquid & gas products from wells to a GOSP, and from a GOSP
to refineries, & from refineries to Customers.
• Fluid is a technical term that can mean a gas or a liquid.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Plant Piping Systems
• Plant piping transfers fluid between different areas of a plant.

• Pipes are used to move fluid into & out of a process.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)
• Drawings show how pipes are connected between plant equipment.

• These drawings are called piping & Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID)

Dr. Amr Arafa
Transportation Pipelines
• They move fluid between plants and other locations.

• These pipelines can run over long distances.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Q. What is the main function of plant piping systems?

move liquids & gases from one place to another
Q. What type of drawing will you use at your facility to see how the
pipes & equipment are connected?
Piping & Instrumentation Drawing (P&ID)
Q. What is the main function of transportation pipelines?
to move fluid between plants & other locations.
Q. Give an example of how a transportation pipeline might be used?
can be used to transport Jet fuel from a Refinery to directly to an
Airport, over a long distance.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 2
Identify Pipeline Components

• Flow of fluid & must be controlled & directed to ensure that correct
amount of fluid is going where it needs to be.
• Pipeline may need to be drained so that repairs can be made to the
pipe.
Main components of piping are:

• Flanges
• Supports & shoes
• Expansion loops
• Blinds
• Valves
• Pressure gauges

Dr. Amr Arafa
Flanges
• Flanges connect 2 sections of pipe together.

• They also connect equipment such as pumps & compressors to a pipe.
• A gasket is a seal always inserted between between the flanges to
prevent a leak.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Supports & Shoes
• Supports hold pipelines off the ground to prevent corrosion & to provide a level
base.
• On top of each support is a metal shoe.
• Shoes keep the pipe attached to the supports.
• They are curved to fit the pipe.
• Pipelines move slightly when fluid is moving thru them.
• If a sudden pressure surge occurs,
Pipelines can then move suddenly move
a large distance.
• If pipeline is not level or correctly
supported, the extra stress on pipe could
damage it.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Expansion Loop
• A pipeline will expand (grow longer) when it warms & contract (grow
shorter) when it cools.
• Expansion loops are installed to let pipelines expand & contract without
getting damaged.
• Long pipelines have expansion loops.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Blinds
• The purpose of the blind is to block the flow of fluid through a

pipeline.
• There are different types of blind.
• Common type is a spectacle blind shown in picture.
• In the open position, the blind lets the flow thru the pipe.
• A blind in the closed position stops the liquid from flowing thru the
pipe.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Blinds
• When a section of pipeline needs maintenance, blinds are
installed in the closed position at each end of the section.
• During normal operation, blinds are left in open position.
• Picture shows blinds in open & closed positions.

Dr. Amr Arafa
VALVES
• Valves on a pipeline control the flow & pressure of the fluid

inside the pipe.
• There are valves that help prevent damage to the pipeline.
• Also have valves that drain the pipeline for maintenance.
Three main types of Valves:

• Pressure Relief valves
• Vent valves
• Drain valves.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Pressure - Relief Valves
• Pressure relief valves monitor & protect pipelines from high
pressure which can rupture them.
• When the normal working pressure in the pipeline is exceeded,
the pressure relief valve in that section will open to vent off
the excess pressure.
• Once the pressure in the pipeline returns to normal, the
pressure relief valve closes.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Vent Valves
• Vent valves are located at the top of pipelines.

• They allow air into pipelines when the line is being drained out.
• They are also opened to let air escape from the pipeline when it is
being filled with fluid.
• Drain valves are located at bottom of pipelines.
• Drain valves drain pipelines, when they are isolated for maintenance.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Pressure Gauges
• Pressure gauges on pipelines show the pressure in particular section

of pipeline.
• Pressure gauge is normally installed with a vent valve.
• The outlet from the vent valve must plugged, or capped, when the
pipeline is in service.
• This prevents an accidental release of hydrocarbons if the vent valve
fails.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Q. What type of pipeline component connects pipes together?

Flanges
Q. What is the purpose of a gasket in a flange?

to prevent a leak.
Q. What pipeline component keep the pipe off the ground?

Shoes
Q. Long pipelines have_______________ to prevent the pipeline from damage

as it expands and contracts.
expansion loops

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Q. What is the position of the blind in the

picture - Open or closed?
Closed
Q. What type of valve protects the pipeline

from damage due to high pressure?
Pressure Relief Valve.
Q. What type of valve would you need to open to let air escape if you were
filling a pipe with fluid?
Vent Valve.
Q. What type of valve would you need to open to empty the fluid from a
pipe for maintenance?
Drain Valve

Dr. Amr Arafa
Summary
• Pipes transfer fluids between equipment and processes in a

plant.
• Pipelines transport fluids across long distances.
• Components of a pipeline are :

Flanges
supports & shoes
expansion loops
blinds
valves
pressure gauges.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Function of Vessels
Oil & Gas Processing & Distribution Equipment

Dr. Amr Arafa
SCADA Operator Technician 60 Days Course-Unit
Created: June 2015 3: Process
Total number ofEquipment
slides: xx Page 96
Function of vessels
Identify the types and the main parts of a storage tank

Dr. Amr Arafa
98
This module will introduce the trainees to the function , types and main
parts of vessels
The key points to emphasize in this module are:
The function of vessels
The types and main parts of storage tanks
The types and main parts of pressure tanks
The types and main parts of columns

Dr. Amr Arafa
99
Introduction
A vessel is a closed container that holds gases or liquids.
There are many different types and sizes of vessels used in the oil and
gas industry.
As an operator , you may be required to fill, empty , or monitor the
contents of vessels at your work location.

Dr. Amr Arafa
PART I
Identify the Types and Main Parts of Storage Tanks

Dr. Amr Arafa
Sunday, December 20,SCADA
2020 Operator Technician 60 Days Course-Unit 3: Process Equipment Page 100 100
What is a ‘Storage TANK’?
It is a type of vessel that you will see in many plants.
They store liquids at atmospheric pressure (see picture below of a storage
tank)

Dr. Amr Arafa
Storage tanks are used to store liquids.
They are different types of storage tanks for different types of liquids.
They have parts that help you to monitor the liquid stored.
MAIN PARTS OF A STORAGE TANK

Dr. Amr Arafa
Containment Dike
It is a concrete wall that surrounds the storage tank.
The containment dike prevents liquid from spreading to other areas if the tank
leaks. (see picture below)

Dr. Amr Arafa
Vent
The vent keeps the pressure inside of a storage tank equal to the outside
(atmospheric) pressure.
Without the vent, the pressure in a tank can get too high or too low
making the tank leak or breakdown

Dr. Amr Arafa
Level Gauge
The vent gauge measures the liquid level in the storage tank.
There are different types of instruments for measuring level
On some tanks you will measure the level with a hand reel (see below)

Dr. Amr Arafa
Insulation
Some storage tanks are covered with a layer of insulation.
The insulation keeps the temperature inside of a storage tank constant.
This stops the fluid from getting too hot or too cold.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Heater and heat tracing
Some storage tanks have a heater to keep liquid warm in cold weather
conditions.

Dr. Amr Arafa
108
Manway
The manway is located on the side of the storage tank.
Personnel enter the storage tank through the manway for cleaning ,
maintenance , or inspection.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Pump
The pump sends the liquid from the storage tank to where it is needed.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Mixer
The mixer mixes the liquid so that the content of the tank do not separate.
Some mixed liquids may settle into their different parts if they are not
correctly mixed.
Liquids settle in layers according to their density, and may separate again if
left long enough

Dr. Amr Arafa
Stairs & Platform

Stairs lead to the roof and platform of a storage tank.
Platform allows personnel access to the top of the tank to perform
maintenance or inspection

Dr. Amr Arafa
COMMON TYPES OF STORAGE TANK
Most of the storage tanks that you can see at a facility look the same.
The roofs of the tanks may be different though.
There are 3 common types of storage tanks used in facilities.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Cone Roof
A cone roof tank is a metal cylinder with a cone shaped top and a metal floor.
Cone roof tanks normally store liquids with low volatility such as water.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Floating Roof
Floating roof tanks store Hydrocarbon liquids with low volatility, such as
crude oil & naphtha.
There 2 types of Floating roof tanks:

Internal Floating roof storage tanks
External Floating Roof Storage Tank

Dr. Amr Arafa
Internal Floating Roof Storage Tank
These tanks have a floating roof underneath a fixed roof.
The metal roof floats on top of the liquid inside the tank.
A flexible sealing ring seals the roof to the walls of a tank.
The floating roof prevents vapor building up in the space between the liquid
& the roof.

Dr. Amr Arafa
External Floating Roof Storage Tank
There is no fixed roof on an external floating roof tank.
The drain allows rainwater to drain off the roof through a flexible pipe in the
tank.
A buildup of water on the floating roof may damage the roof or cause it to
press down on the liquid inside the tank.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Dome Roof
A dome roof tank is a metal cylinder with a dome shaped top.
It is commonly used to store flammable liquids or liquids with high volatility.
The strong shape of the dome means that it can store liquids at higher pressures.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
Q. Storage tanks are a type of ___________that you can see in many
facilities.
Vessel
Q. The _______ around storage tank prevents liquid from spreading
to other areas if the tank leaks.
Containment dike
Q. The ________on a storage tank prevents the liquid inside from
getting too hot or too cold.
Insulation
A_________inside the storage tank stops liquid from separating.
Mixer
The__________ on a storage tank keeps the inside of the tank at
atmospheric pressure.
Vent
Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
Name the parts labelled “A” , “B” , “C” on the storage tank.
A = Vent
B = Manway
C = Level gauge

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 2
Identify the types & main parts of Pressure vessels

Introduction:
Pressure vessels are the most common vessel used in oil & gas industry.
They are containers for fluids that need to be kept at a pressure above
or below atmospheric pressure.
The petroleum & petrochemical industry uses pressure vessels in all

stages of processing cycle.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Major parts of a Pressure Vessel

Dr. Amr Arafa
Parts of Pressure Vessels & Function
Inlet & Outlet Pipes:

The inlet pipe carries liquid or gas into the pressure vessel.
There can be several inlet pipes.
The outlet pipe carries the liquid or gas from the vessel to where it is
needed.
Dip Pipe:
It reduces splashing as fluid enters the vessel through the inlet pipe.
Main Valve:
Is opened to transfer fluid from the vessel out of the outlet pipe.
Relief Valve:
If the pressure inside the vessel goes above the maximum allowable
working pressure(MAWP), the relief valve opens to release the pressure
© 2020 TÜV Rheinland inside the vessel.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Parts of Pressure Vessels & Function
Relief Pipe:
Any fluid that comes out of the pressure relief valve flows through the relief
pipe.
Gauges:
The pressure gauge measure the pressure inside the vessel
The Temperature gauge measures the liquid or gas temperature inside the
vessel.
The level gauge measures the liquid level inside the vessel
Vessel Supports:
Vessel supports hold the pressure vessel above the ground.
Insulation:
Some pressure vessels contain fluids that need to be stored at very high
temperatures.
Insulation keeps the inside of the vessel hot & the outside of a vessel cool.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Pressure vessel with Deluge system
A deluge system is installed around pressure vessels that contain flammable

liquids.
These spray the vessel with water to keep it cool if there is danger from a
fire in the area.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Common Pressure vessels
The common types of pressure vessels used are:
Cylindrical pressure vessels
Spherical pressure vessels

Dr. Amr Arafa
Cylindrical Pressure Vessels
Cylindrical pressure vessels are in the shape of a cylinder.

They can be installed horizontally or vertically.
The cylindrical shape is very strong.
They can store product at high & low pressures, or high & low
temperatures.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Spherical vessels are shaped like large spheres.
Spheres are best shape to store large amounts of liquid at high
pressure.
It supported on legs called support beams.

Dr. Amr Arafa
128
Spheroid Pressure vessel
The Spheroid looks like a flattened sphere (almost like an egg).

Spheroids were used as pressure vessels although their shape makes them
difficult to inspect & repair.
Most Spheroids are now used in low pressure processes.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Q. Name the type of pressure vessel labelled “A”,”B”,”C” in
picture.
A = Cylindrical pressure vessel
B = Spheroid pressure vessel
C = Spherical pressure vessel

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
Name the parts labelled “A”, “B”, “C” in the picture.

A = Relief valve
B = Inlet pipe
C = Main valve

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 3
Identify the types & main Parts of Columns
Introduction:
Columns are a special type of pressure vessel.
They do not normally store liquids or gases.
They are used in processes that treat & separate
crude oil and gas into useful products.
They also remove unwanted components like
Hydrogen Sulphide.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Main parts of a column
Columns are used to separate

crude oil & natural gas fractions.
Crude oil refining takes place in
columns.
They are tall steel cylinders.
Main parts are shown in picture.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Parts of column & function
Column:
A column is a tall vertical pressure vessel.
Columns are made of cylindrical steel shells that are welded together.
Feed Inlet Pipe:
It carries liquid or gas into the column
It can be located in the bottom, middle or top of the column depending on the
process.
Gas Outlet pipe:
It carries gas or vapor out of the top of the column.
Some columns have several gas outlet pipes.
Liquid outlet pipe:
It carries liquid out the bottom of the column.
Some columns have several liquid outlet pipes.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Parts of Column & function
Temperature Gauges:
Measure the temperature inside the column.
They are located at different heights along the column.
Differential Pressure Gauge:

It measures the difference in pressure between the top & bottom of column.
Relief Valve:
Columns will also have a relief valve that opens if the pressure inside the
vessel goes above the MAWP of the vessel.

Dr. Amr Arafa
135 Column ladders & platforms
Most columns have a ladder that
goes to the top of the column.
There are also platforms at different

heights on the column.
The ladders & platforms allow safe

Access to equipment located on the
outside of the column.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Common types of columns
Distillation column:
This type of column separates a liquid mixture into different
components.
The liquid is heated inside the column, until the required
component turns to vapor.
The vapor passes into a condenser
where it cools & changes back to liquid.
The temperature in the column must
be carefully controlled.
Each fraction that needs to be
Separated from the liquid will turn to
vapor at a certain exact temperature.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Treating column
Treating column remove unwanted components

from a liquid or gas.
The most common treating column is

a gas treating column.
The column use liquid to remove

unwanted components from a gas stream.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Stripping column
Stripping columns use heat to remove unwanted light gases from a distilled
product.
For example Kerosene is a distilled product.
Kerosene still contains some trapped light

gases when it comes out fractional
distillation column.
These lighter gases are stripped or

removed in a stripper column.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge check
Name the parts of the column labelled

“A”, “B”, “C” in the picture?
A = Feed inlet pipe

B = Gas outlet pipe
C = liquid outlet pipe

Dr. Amr Arafa
140
Knowledge check
Q. Which type of column separates liquid into different components?

Distillation column
Q. Which type of column removes unwanted components from liquids or

gases?
Treating column
Q. Which type of column uses heat to remove light gases from distilled
products?
Stripping column

Dr. Amr Arafa
Summary
Storage tanks store liquids at atmospheric pressure.
Different types of storage tanks.
Some have floating roofs to prevent vapor building up in the space above the
liquid.
Pressure vessels store fluids at above or below atmospheric pressure.
There are different shapes of pressure vessels.
Pressure vessels that store flammable fluids are fitted with a deluge system.
There are different types of column, but they are mostly used to separate
© 2020 TÜV Rheinland parts or fractions of a fluid into different products.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Function of Heat Transfer Equipment

Dr. Amr Arafa
Introduction
Part One - Describes the types & main parts of a

Heat Exchanger
Part Two - Describes the main parts of Air coolers
Part Three - Describes the types & main parts of

cooling towers
Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 1
Identify the Types & Main parts of a Heat Exchanger

Introduction
• Many processes in a plant require fluids to be heated or cooled.
• Heat exchangers transfer heat from high temperature fluids to
low temperature fluids.
• The function is the same for heating or cooling fluid.

• A heat exchanger uses a utility fluid to change the temperature
of a process fluid.
• A cooler may use water as the utility fluid to cool a hydrocarbon

product.
• The hydrocarbon product is the process fluid.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Heat Exchangers
• Inside the cooler, the heat is transferred from the process fluid to
the utility fluid, through the tubes.
• The Utility fluid & the process fluid do not mix.
• Picture shows an example of Heat exchangers in a plant.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Major Parts of a Heat Exchanger
• There are many different types of heat exchangers.

• The most common is the Shell & Tube heat exchanger.
• The main parts that transfer heat are Shell, Tubes & Baffles.
• In most cases the process fluid passes thru the tubes & the
utility fluid flows thru the shell.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Function of Shell , Tubes & Baffles
Shell:
• The outside shell is a metal cylinder that contains the tubes
and baffles.
• Shell is usually made of carbon steel or Stainless steel.
Tubes:
• The series of small tubes that are packed closely together inside
the shell, is called a Tube Bundle.
• Gas or liquid flows thru the tubes.
Baffles:
• Baffles direct the flow of fluid in the shell around the tubes.
• This increases the contact between the fluid in the shell & the
tube surfaces, which then improves heat transfer.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Common Types of Heat Exchangers
• Picture shows 4 types of heat exchangers used in a process.

• The liquids that feed into & come out of stripping columns
need to be heated or cooled.
Common types:
• Heaters
• Coolers
• Reboilers
• Condensers
• Chillers

Dr. Amr Arafa
Heaters
• A shell & tube heater is a heat exchanger that increases the

temperature of a product.
• The previous slide, shows the heater uses the hot product fluid
leaving the bottom of the column, to heat the cold fluid feeding
into the middle of the column.
• This picture shows the operation of the heater.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Coolers
• The shell & Tube cooler reduces the temperature of a product.

• In the Process slide, Salt water is the utility fluid that cools the
product leaving the bottom of the stripping column.
• The picture below shows the operation of the cooler.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Reboilers
• Reboiler is another example of a shell & tube heat exchanger.

• It heats product until it becomes a vapor.
• In the process slide, steam is the utility fluid that heats the
product coming out from the bottom of the stripping column.
• Picture shows steam passes thru the tubes to vaporize the
product in the shell.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Condensers
• A condenser uses the same shell & tube system to cool vapor.
• When water vapor is cooled it is transformed back into liquid.
• The condensers cool the vapor from the stripping steam using
sea water.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Chiller
• Chiller also uses shell & tubes.

• It cools gases to very low temperatures so that they can condense.
• The utility fluid in a chiller is called a refrigerant.
• Refrigerants are liquids that boil at very low temperatures.
• Refrigerants are also used in Air-conditioners , Fridges & Freezers.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Heat Exchanger Efficiency
The 2 major factors that affect efficiency of a heat exchanger are:

Temperature Difference & Heat Transfer Area.
Temperature Difference:
• The temperature difference between the process fluid & the
utility fluid is the driving force for heat transfer.
• The higher the temperature difference the higher the heat
transfer rate.
• If there is no temperature difference, there will be no heat
transfer.
• To avoid this there will have to be a constant flow of Utility fluid
at the right temperature.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Temperature Difference
• Picture shows how temperature of 2 fluids changes in a heat exchanger.

• As fluid 1 cools down & fluid 2 heats up, their temperatures become closer
to the same.
• The heat transfer rate slows down as the temperatures become closer.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Heat Transfer Area
• The heat transfer area is the surface area that is available for heat
transfer inside the exchanger.
• The surface area is related to the number & size of tubes in the
tube bundle.
• The larger the tube bundle , then more heat transfer will take
place.
• There are limits to how big a heat exchanger can be.
• If more heat transfer is required, then more that one heat
exchanger is used.
• Picture shows –more surface area

means that more heat is transferred.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Test
Q1.Heat exchangers transfer ________from hot fluids to cool fluids.

Heat
Q2.Name the following parts of the heat exchanger labelled:
“A” ; “B” ; “C”
A = Tube Bundle
B = Shell
C = Baffles

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Test
• Q. What type of heat exchanger heats a product until

it becomes a vapour?
Reboiler
• Q. What type of heat exchanger uses a refrigerant to cool gases?

Chiller
• Q. What are the 2 main factors that affect the efficiency of a

heat exchanger?
Temperature Difference
Heat Transfer Area

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 2
Identify the main Parts of Air Coolers

Air Coolers:
• Air coolers are types of heat transfer equipment that cool many
types of fluid in a facility.
• It is also known as a Fin Fan cooler.
• Picture shows an air cooler at a plant.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Air Cooler Operation
• An air cooler is also known as a fin fan cooler.

• Picture shows, hot fluid flows thru small tubes in the cooler.
• Tubes have fins that help transfer heat to the air.
• A fan passes cool air over the tubes to reduce the temperature
of the fluid in the tubes.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Main Parts of an Air Cooler
• Inlet & Outlet Headers
• Finned Tubes
• Fan
• Fan Driver
• Housing

Dr. Amr Arafa
Finned Tubes & Fan Driver

Dr. Amr Arafa
Parts of an Air Cooler & Function
Inlet & Outlet Headers:

• Headers are large diameter pipes that connect to finned tubes.
• The inlet header divides the flow evenly into all the finned tubes.
• The outlet header carries the fluid out of the finned tubes.
Finned Tubes:
• Hot process fluid passes through the finned tubes.
• The tubes have extended metal surfaces called fins.
• The fins help cool the fluid by creating more surface area for cooling.
Fan:
• The fan pushes or pulls air through the finned tubes of an air cooler.
• It removes heat from the finned tubes & cools the process fluid.
• The fan blades may have either a fixed or variable pitch angle.
• Variable pitch angle means, the pitch angle of blades can be adjusted
to increase or decrease airflow thru the air cooler.
Dr. Amr Arafa
Fan Driver:
• The fan is normally driven by an electric motor.
• The motor connects to a gearbox that controls the
speed of the fan.
Housing:
• The housing is made up of heavy Sheet metal.
• Its forma an enclosure over the tubes.
• The housing also directs air across the tubes.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
• An air cooler is also known as a___________cooler.

Fin Fan
• An air cooler reduces the temperature of hot process fluid by
passing cool air over ___________tubes.
Finned
• The _____ on an air cooler pushes or pulls air over the tubes to
cool the fluid inside them.
Fan
• The fan speed on the air cooler can be controlled
by the _________
Gearbox

Dr. Amr Arafa
Part 3
Identify the Types & Main Parts of Cooling Towers
• Cooling towers provide cool water for use as utility fluid in plant
equipment.
• Cool water is pumped from the bottom of tower thru plant equipment such
as heat exchangers.
• The water absorbs heat from the equipment & then returns to the cooling
tower.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Operation of Cooling Towers
• Hot water returns to the cooling tower and passes down over bars inside
the tower.
• Air circulates thru the tower, causing the hot water to evaporate.
• This evaporation absorbs the surrounding heat in the tower, cooling the
remaining liquid.
• One major factor that affects evaporation is humidity.
• Humidity is water vapor in the air.
• The air can only hold a limited amount of water vapor.

• When the air around the cooling tower has a high humidity, the water in
the tower will no longer evaporate.
• This will reduce the efficiency of the cooling tower.
• Low humidity increases the rate of evaporation.
• Greater rate of evaporation increases the cooling effect.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Major parts of a Cooling Tower

Dr. Amr Arafa
Parts of Cooling Tower & Function
Housing:
• The housing is the outside of the cooling tower.
• Most cooling towers have openings in the housing to allow air to flow
thru the tower.
Water Distribution Header:

• It spreads over the top of the splash bars.
• It connects to the hot water inlet pipe.
Splash Bars:
• Break the fall of water from the top of the cooling tower to create fine
droplets that make better air to water contact.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Parts of Cooling Tower & Function
Louvres:
• Louvres are narrow strips of wood or metal that cover openings in the
housing.
• They control the flow of air into the cooling tower.
Drift Eliminator:
• These are narrow strips of wood or metal that cover the top of cooling
tower.
• They prevent water droplets from leaving the top of the cooling
tower.
Cooled Water Basin:

• It is an open container at the bottom of the cooling tower.
• It collects the cooled water that falls from the splash bars.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Common Types of Cooling Towers
Two main types of Cooling towers are :
Natural Draft & Mechanical Draft
Natural Draft Cooling Towers:

Dr. Amr Arafa
Natural Draft Cooling Towers
• These towers rely on wind to move air through the

cooling tower.
• All four walls of the cooling tower are open.
• Louvres on the side keep water from splashing out of

the tower.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers
• These towers use motor driven fans to move air thru the tower.
• These towers can be forced or induced draft.
• The most common mechanical draft tower at Aramco is the induced
draft.
• They are more efficient than natural draft towers.
• Forced Draft- is where the air is

pushed through the tower by the fan.
• Induced draft- is where the fan

pulls air through the tower.

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
• Q. Name the parts of cooling tower labelled in the picture?
“A” ; “B” ; “C”
A = drift eliminator
B = splash bars
C = hot water inlet

Dr. Amr Arafa
Knowledge Check
• Q. Cooling towers use ___________to cool utility water.

Air
• Q. Low humidity will ________the rate of evaporation
in a cooling tower.
Increases
• Q. ___________draft cooling towers rely on the wind to move air
through the tower.
Natural
• Q. ___________ draft cooling towers use fans to move air
through the tower.
Mechanical

Dr. Amr Arafa
Summary
• Many of process fluids in a plant need to be cooled or heated.
• Equipment in a plant can become hot when it is operating &

needs to be cooled.
• Heat transfer is an essential process in many plants.
• In this module you have learned about heat transfer equipment,

such as heat exchangers, air coolers, and cooling towers.

Dr. Amr Arafa

Slideshow-TUV-SCADA-60-U 3-AA-2020-09-13

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Slideshow-TUV-SCADA-60-U 3-AA-2020-09-13

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

SCADA Operator Technician 60 Days

Unit 3 –Process Equipment

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Part One - Describes the major parts of a pump.

Part Two - Describes the Types of pump used in a plant

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• Q. What type of pump is shown in the Picture?

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• Q. What is the function of the pump driver?

• Q. What are the common pump drivers?

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• What is the function of the Lubrication system?

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• The shaft seal is a part that stops liquid from leaking

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• It is the part creates suction to pull the liquid in to the pump.

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• Bearing housing is a metal cover.

• It has bearings inside.

• What is the function of the bearings?

Bearings hold the pump shaft in place

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• Q. What is the Drive Coupling?

• The drive coupling is covered with a metal coupling guard.

• Q. What is the function of the coupling guard?

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Q1.Name the parts labelled on the pump?

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

Q3. Which part of the pump stops liquid from leaking

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• Different types of pumps are used for

• Q. What are the most common types of pumps

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• Centrifugal pump uses centrifugal force to push

• The pumping element in a centrifugal pump

• The spinning impeller creates centrifugal force.

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• Picture shows the effect of centrifugal force.

• As water is poured onto a spinning plate, the

• The spinning plate is creating a

• The centrifugal force moves the water

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• An impeller is a rotating component of a

• The difference in pressure is called differential pressure (DP).

• An example of differential pressure is if a liquid product enters a centrifugal pump

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

• A large centrifugal pump can have more than

• This type is called multistage pump.

• More spinning impellers increase the output pressure.

• The picture shows an example of a multistage

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland

© 2020 TÜV Rheinland