ASSIGNMENT

1. The table below relates to a study where infants listened to three types of ‘music’ and their advancement to crawling wa
then observed and categorized as either early, on time, or late. The goal of the study was to determine if there was a statistic
significant association between music and time of advancement to crawling/walking in infants.

Row
Advancement_In_Baby Sample
Sizes
Music
Early On Time Late N
Type
Utero 50.80% 30.15% 19.05% 63
Philip
Glass 40% 38% 22% 60

White 19% 21% 60% 44

Noise

The table above provides row percentages and sample sizes in each row.

a)      Based upon the row percentages provided, develop the contingency table below with the cell counts.              

b)      Do the data indicate an association between Music and Time of Advancement to crawling/walking in infants?
Conduct an appropriate hypothesis test to answer this question using a 0.05 significance level.
c)       Provide the hypotheses, p-value(s), and a formal conclusion.                                                                                       
 r advancement to crawling was
ermine if there was a statistically

w with the cell counts.                                                       (3)

o crawling/walking in infants?                                                 (3)

                                                                                                      (4)

a)      Based upon the row percentages provided, develop the contingency table below with the cell counts.              

OBSE
Row
Advancement_In_Baby Sample
Sizes

Music Type Early On Time Late N Music Type

Utero 50.80% 30.15% 19.05% 63 Utero

Philip Glass 40% 38% 22% 60 Philip Glass

White Noise 19% 21% 60% 44 White Noise

TOTAL

EXPECTED VALUES ( E )
Advancement_In_Baby Number of cells
Music Type Early On Time Late
Utero 24.28 19.25 19.47 rows
Philip Glass 23.12 18.34 18.54 columns
White Noise 16.96 13.45 13.60
the cell counts.                                                      (3)

OBSERVED VALUES ( O )

Advancement_In_Baby TOTAL

Early On Time Late

32.00 18.99 12.00 63

24.00 22.80 13.20 60

8.36 9.24 26.4 44

64.364 51.0345 51.6015 167

3
3
b)      Do the data indicate an association between Music and Time of Advancement to crawling/walking in infant
Conduct an appropriate hypothesis test to answer this question using a 0.05 significance level.

CHI-SQUARE TEST

Row
Advancement_In_Baby Sample
Sizes
Music Type Early On Time Late N Music Type
Utero 50.80% 30.15% 19.05% 63 Utero

Philip Glass 40% 38% 22% 60 Philip Glass

White
White Noise 19% 21% 60% 44
Noise
TOTAL

EXPECTED VALUES ( E ) (O-E)^

Advancement_In_Baby
Music Type Early On Time Late Music Type
Utero 24.28 19.25 19.47 Utero

Philip Glass 23.12 18.34 18.54 Philip Glass

White
White Noise 16.96 13.45 13.60
Noise

c)       Provide the hypotheses, p-value(s), and a formal conclusion.                                                                                     

Chi square 25.71

df (r-1)(c-1) 4 Since the critical value is lesser than Significance va
alpha 0.05 Music and Time of Advancement to crawling/walkin
P value 3.612258E-05
critical value
of chi-square 9.487729037
to crawling/walking in infants?                                                (3)
0.05 significance level.

OBSERVED VALUES ( O )

Advancement_In_Baby TOTAL

Early On Time Late

32.00 18.99 12.00 63

24.00 22.80 13.20 60

8.36 9.24 26.4 44

64.364 51.0345 51.6015 167

(O-E)^2/E
Advancement_In_Baby TOTAL
Early On Time Late
2.46 0.00 2.86 5.32

0.03 1.09 1.54 2.66

4.36 1.32 12.06 17.73

Chi Square 25.71

                                                                                                        (4)

e is lesser than Significance value we reject the null hypothesis and

vancement to crawling/walking in infants are dependent on each other