Trishna Knowledge Systems, Pearson IIT Foundation Series - Mathematics Practice Book Class 8 (2018)

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CLASS
8
Pearson IIT Foundation Series
Mathematics Practice Book
First Edition
Trishna Knowledge Systems
A01_IIT-FOUNDATION_XXXX_FM.indd 3 4/11/2018 4:32:43 PM

Copyright © 2018 Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd
Published by Pearson India Education Services Pvt. Ltd, CIN: U72200TN2005PTC057128, formerly known as
TutorVista Global Pvt. Ltd, licensee of Pearson Education in South Asia.
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Contents
Prefacevii CHAPTER 5 Ratio, Proportion, and
How to Use the Practice Book ix Variations: Commercial
Mathematics5.1
Series Chapter Flow x
Assessment Test I 5.1
CHAPTER 1 Geometry and Symmetry1.1 Assessment Test II 5.4
Assessment Test III 5.6
Assessment Test I 1.1 Assessment Test IV 5.8
Assessment Test II 1.4 Answer Keys 5.10
Assessment Test IV 1.10
CHAPTER 6 Real Numbers, LCM, and
Answer Keys 1.14
HCF6.1

CHAPTER 2 Linear Equations and
Assessment Test II 6.3
Inequations2.1
Assessment Test I 2.1 Assessment Test IV 6.7
Assessment Test II 2.3 Answer Keys 6.9
CHAPTER 7 Squares and Square
Answer Keys 2.9 Roots, Cubes and Cube
Roots, and Indices7.1
CHAPTER 3 Mensuration3.1 Assessment Test I 7.1

Assessment Test IV 3.9 Answer Keys 7.9
Answer Keys 3.12
CHAPTER 8 Time and Work, Time and
Distance, and Statistics8.1
CHAPTER 4 Polynomials and Their
LCM and HCF4.1 Assessment Test I 8.1
Assessment Test I 4.1 Assessment Test III 8.6
Assessment Test II 4.3 Assessment Test IV 8.9
Assessment Test III 4.5 Answer Keys 8.11
Answer Keys 4.9 Hints and Explanations A.1

Preface
Pearson IIT Foundation Practice Book Series is designed to accompany the course-books available
in this series. Developed by a team of experienced faculties, this workbook series connects
the subjective knowledge to its real world applications through various text and chapter level
problems. Each chapter has a set of assessment tests which are mapped to chapters covered in
the course-book. These worksheets will guide students step-by-step towards understanding the
central concept of that particular chapter. These tests are recommended as after class material for
further practice.
Any suggestions for added or updated additional readings would also be welcome. Students can
share their feedback at reachus@pearson.com.

How to Use the Practice Book
Many times, students face significant challenges in answering application level questions in Physics, Chemistry
and Mathematics. These Practice Books will enhance their problem-solving skill which will definitely lead to a
strong subject foundation. The entire practice book series are recommended to be used alongside IIT Foundation
course-books.
Students can refer the following steps while using the practice books:
Study
chapters from
IIT Foundation
Course-books
Complete
Solve the
remaining
chapter-end
Assessment
exercises
Tests
Solve one
Check self Assessment
progress Test related to
the chapter
While preparing for Foundation courses, students need to learn the fundamental concepts with utmost clarity. In
order to successfully complete the IIT Foundation course, one must prepare profoundly. Consistent hard work,
practice and perseverance are needed throughout the year.
During any competitive examination, one must exercise clinical precision with speed since the average time
available to respond to a question is hardly a minute. The aspirants should be conceptually excellent in the subject
owing to the negative marking in the examination. A better practice to solve the paper would be to go for the
easiest questions first and then gradually progress to the more complicated ones.
Regular practice of MCQs will assist the aspirants in preparing for the examination. In a nutshell, hard work,
conceptual clarity and self-assessment are the essential ingredients to achieve success in competitive examinations.
IIT Foundation course-books play an important role in understanding the concepts. Student need to read-up on
all concepts/theories in a regular and systematic manner.

Course-book Chapter Flow
Class 7
Expressions and
Special Products Indices
1 3 5
2 4
Number Systems Ratio and Geometry
Its Applications
Statistics Equations and their Applications
10 8 6
9 7
Set Theory Formulae Mensuration
Class 9
Linear Equations
Logarithms and Inequations
1 3 5
2 4
Number Polynomials and Square Roots Quadratic Expressions
Systems of Algebraic Expressions and Equations
Geometry Probability Significant Figures Sets and Relations
11 9 7
12 10 8 6
Banking and Statistics Matrices
Computing
Percentages, Profit and Loss,

Mensuration Locus Discount, and Partnership 18
14 16
13 15 17 Sales Tax and Cost
Coordinate Trigonometry of Living Index
Geometry
Time and Work Ratio, Proportion and Variation
23 21 19
22 20
Time and Distance Shares and Simple Interest and
Dividends Compound Interest

Course-book Chapter Flow xi
Class 8
Squares and Square Polynomials,
Roots and Cubes and LCM and HCF of
Cube Roots Polynomials
1 3 5
2 4
Real Numbers and Indices Formulae
LCM and HCF
Simple Interest and
Compound Interest Percentages
10 8 6
9 7
Time and Work, Profit and Loss, Ratio, Proportion
Pipes and Cisterns Discount and Partnership and Variation
Linear Equations
and Inequations Statistics Geometry
11 13 15 17
12 14 16
Time and Distance Sets Matrices Mensuration
Class 10
Polynomials and Quadratic Equations Sets, Relations
Rational Expressions and Inequalities and Functions
1 3 5
2 4 6
Number Linear Equations Statements
Systems in Two Variables
Mensuration Statistics Matrices Trigonometry
13 11 9 7
14 12 10 8
Geometry Remainder and Limits Progressions
Factor Theorems
Mathematical Induction Linear Permutations and
and Binomial Theorem Programming Combinations
15 17 19
16 18 20
Coordinate Modular Arithmetic Computing
Geometry
Partial Fractions Instalments Banking

27 25 23 21
26 24 22
Logarithms Shares and Dividends Taxation Probability

Geometry and
Symmetry 1
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapter - Geometry; pp. 16.1–16.40
Assessment Test I Time: 30 min.
Direction for questions 1 to 11: Select the correct answer from the given options.
Space for rough work
1. The following are the steps involved in constructing circumcircle of a trian-
gle. Arrange them in sequential order.
(A) Draw the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the triangle.
(B) Draw the triangle with the given measurements.
(C) Take the distance from S to any vertex of the triangle as R.
(D) Consider the point of concurrence of the perpendicular bisectors as S.
(E) Draw a circle with centre ‘S’ and radius R.
(a) ABCDE (b) BCDAE
(c) BADCE (d) BACDE
2. In a triangle ABC, ∠A = 60° and AB = AC. If AD is a median drawn from A
to BC and AD = 6 cm, then find the altitude drawn from B to AC (in cm).
(a) 3 3 (b) 6 (c) 6 3 (d) 3
AC
3. In ∆ABC, BD is a median drawn to CA. If BD = and ∠BAD = 25°, then
2
find ∠CBD.
B
25
C D A
(a) 45° (b) 80° (c) 70° (d) 65°

4. In a ∆PQR, PO and QO are the bisectors of ∠P and ∠Q, respectively. If
∠POQ = 140°, then the measure of ∠PRQ is _________.
R
P Q
(a) 70° (b) 80° (c) 90° (d) 100°
M01_IIT-FOUNDATION_XXXX_CH01.indd 1 4/11/2018 4:33:43 PM

1.2 Chapter 1 Geometry and Symmetry
In the given figure, ∠P = 95°, ∠PQR = 30°, and ∠PSR = 35°. What will be the
5. Space for rough work
value of ∠QRS?
Q S
(a) 160° (b) 150°

(c) 120° (d) 110°
ABCD is an isosceles trapezium in which AB CD and ∠A = 57°. Find the
6.
value of ∠C + ∠D.
(a) 112° (b) 123° (c) 246° (d) 303°
PQRS is a parallelogram, if ∠PQS = 40° and PS = QS, then ∠SQR – ∠QRS =
7.
_________.
(a) 60° (b) 20° (c) 30° (d) 45°
KLMN is an isosceles trapezium in which LM = KL and ∠MNK = 100°. Find
8.
the supplement of ∠KLM.
(a) 80° (b) 60° (c) 90° (d) 100°
A triangle is inscribed inside a circle. If one of the sides of the triangle is a
9.
diameter of the circle, then the triangle is a/an _________.
(a) acute-angled triangle (b) obtuse-angled triangle
(c) right-angled triangle (d) None of these
10. In the given figure, ∆ABC is inscribed in a circle and O is the centre of the
circle. If ∠OBC = 20°, then find the measure of ∠BAC.
A
B C
(a) 140° (b) 40° (c) 50° (d) 70°

11. In the given figure, A, B, C, D, E and F are the points on the circle and ∠BDF =
70°. If ‘O’ is the centre of the circle and ∠ECF = 30°, then find the measure of ∠EAB.
A
F O
B
C
E
D
(a) 70° (b) 80° (c) 90° (d) 60°

Directions for question 12 to 15: Match the statements of Column A with those of Space for rough work
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. The geometric point of a triangle (a) In centre
which always lies inside the triangle
13. The geometric point of a triangle (b) Orthocentre
which always lies outside the triangle
14. The geometric point of a triangle (c) Circumcentre
which always lies on two sides of the
triangle
15. The geometric point of a triangle (d) Excentre
which lies only on the longest side of
the triangle

Assessment Test II Time: 30 min. Space for rough work
The following are the steps involved in constructing an incircle of a triangle.

1.
Arrange them in sequential order.
(A) Draw the bisectors of internal angles of the given triangle.
(B) Let the point of concurrence of the angle bisectors be I.
(C) Draw the triangle with the given measurements.
(D) With ID as radius and I as the centre, draw a circle.
(E) Draw ID perpendicular to any of the sides of the triangle.
(a) ABCDE (b) CBADE
(c) ACEBD (d) CABED
In a triangle PQR, the point of concurrence of medians and the point of con-
2.
currence of altitudes coincide and it is G. If altitude of the triangle is 9 cm,
then find the length of PG.
(a) 3 cm (b) 6 cm (c) 9 cm (d) 12 cm
In a ∆PQR, PS = SR = SQ and ∠PRS = 55°. Find ∠SQP.

3.
P
Q S R
(a) 25° (b) 35° (c) 45° (d) 15°
In a ∆XYZ, I is the incentre. If ∠XIY = 100°, then what is the value of ∠XZY?
4.
(a) 10° (b) 20° (c) 30° (d) 40°
In the given figure, ∠DAC = 30°, ∠CBD = 40°, ∠ADB = y°, and ∠ACB = x°.
5.
Find the difference between angles y° and x°.
B
A y°
D
x°
(a) 30° (b) 80° (c) 60° (d) 70°
KLMN is an isosceles trapezium in which KL MN . If ∠NKL = 70°, then

6.
find the measure of ∠LMN.
(a) 70° (b) 80° (c) 100° (d) 110°

SRMT is a parallelogram. If ∠SRM = 108°, SR = 2MR, and P is the midpoint

of TM , then find ∠SPR.
(a) 90° (b) 80° (c) 110° (d) 72°
PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ SR . T is a point on PQ such that PS = ST,

8.
TR = SR, and ∠PST = 50°. Find the supplement of ∠SRQ.
(a) 115° (b) 88°
(c) 72° (d) Cannot be determined
A triangle PQR is inscribed in a circle. If the centre of the circle ‘O’ is outside
9.
the triangle, then the triangle is_________.
(a) acute-angled (b) obtuse-angled
(c) right-angled (d) equilateral
10. ∆DEF is inscribed in a circle and ‘O’ is the centre of the circle. If ∠DEF = 70°,
then find ∠DFO.
(a) 20° (b) 25° (c) 35° (d) 30°
11. In the given figure, ∠BAD = 40°, BC = CD, and AD passes through the centre
‘O’ of the circle. If ∠ADE = 20°, then find the sum of the measures of ∠COD
and ∠ABE.
E
B D
C
(a) 100° (b) 80° (c) 60° (d) 50°
Direction for questions 12 to 15: Match the statements of Column A with those of
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. The point of concurrence of perpendicular bisec- (a) In centre
tors of the sides of a triangle
13. The point of concurrence of altitudes of a triangle (b) Orthocentre
14. The point of concurrence of medians of the triangle (c) Circumcentre
15. The point of concurrence of internal angle bisectors (d) Centroid
of a triangle
(e) Excentre

Assessment Test III Time: 30 min. Space for rough work
The following are the steps involved in proving the above theorem which
1.
states that the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are supplementary.
Arrange them in a sequential order.
D
A O C
(A) ∠AOC + reflex ∠AOC = 360°

(B) ∠B + ∠D = 180°
(C) Angle subtended by arc ADC or AB at the centre of the circle is double
the angle subtended by the arc ABC at any point on the remaining part
of the circle.
(D) ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.
(a) DBAC (b) ABCD (c) DCAB (d) ACDB
In the given figure, LM and PQ are parallel to each other and AB is the trans-
2.
versal. If ∠MCD = (3x)° and ∠QDC = (2x + 50)°, then value of x is _________.
A
C
L M
(3x)°
(2x + 50)°
P Q
D
(a) 26 (b) 36 (c) 40 (d) 50

In the given figure, ABCD . What will be the value of y?

40°
y D
E 2x
(a) 30° (b) 40° (c) 60° (d) 90°
Find the number of diagonals of a 12-sided polygon.

4.
(a) 48 (b) 42 (c) 54 (d) 60
5. Find the sum of the interior angles of a polygon of 1947 sides.

(a) 350, 100° (b) 350, 460°
(c) 700, 200 (d) 350, 280°
An equilateral triangle has _________ line(s) symmetric.

6.
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) infinite
Which of the following is/are point symmetry?

7.
(a) (b)
(c) (d) All of these
AB and CD are two equal chords of a circle drawn on either side of the
8.
centre ‘O’ of the circle. Both the chords are produced to meet at a point K. If
the radius of the circle is 17 cm, AB = 16 cm, and OK = 25 cm, then find the
length of KD.
(a) 8 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 16 cm (d) 20 cm

In the given figure, A and B are the centres of two intersecting circles and
PQ is their common chord. ∠APB = 70° and ∠PAQ = 80°. Find the measure
of ∠PBQ.
A B
(a) 120° (b) 130° (c) 140° (d) 150°
10. In the figure, ∠BAE = ∠ECD and ∠EAD = ∠ECB. If ∠ABC = 60° and ∠ADC
= 100°, then find the measure of ∠AEC.
B
60°
E
100°
A C
(a) 65° (b) 70° (c) 80° (d) 90°
11. In the given figure, ‘O’ is the centre of the circle and ∠AOC = 160°. What is
the measure of ∠ABC?
B
C
160°
A
O
(a) 60° (b) 80°

(c) 90° (d) All of these
12. In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram. What are the values of x° and y°?
D C
x° y° + 40°
x° − 20°
A B

(a) 50°, 90° (b) 110°, 30° Space for rough work
(c) 100°, 40° (d) 80°, 60°
13. An equilateral triangle ABC is constructed on the diagonal of a square ADCE

as shown in the figure. What is the measure of ∠ADB?
B
A D
E C
(a) 120° (b) 135° (c) 150° (d) 165°
14. Which of the following is not an exterior angle of a regular polygon?

(a) 24° (b) 20° (c) 12° (d) 16°
15. Match the statements of Column A with those of Column B.

Column A Column B
(i) Infinite lines of symmetry (A) Square
(ii) Four lines of symmetry (B) Isosceles triangle
(iii) Two lines of symmetry (C) Rhombus
(iv) One line of symmetry (D) Circle
(a) (i) → (D), (ii) → (C), (iii) → (A), (iv) → (B)

(b) (i) → (D), (ii) → (A), (iii) → (B), (iv) → (C)
(c) (i) → (D), (ii) → (C), (iii) → (B), (iv) → (A)
(d) (i) → (D), (ii) → (A), (iii) → (C), (iv) → (B)

Assessment Test IV Time: 30 min. Space for rough work
The following are the steps which are involved in proving that an exterior
1.
angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is equal to its interior opposite angle. Arrange
them in a sequential order.
A D
B C X
(A) ∠BAD + ∠BCD = ∠BCD + ∠DCX

∠BAD + ∠BCD = 180° (∴ the opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
(B)
supplementary)
(C) ∠BAD = ∠DCX
(D) ∠BCD + ∠DCX = 180° (linear pair)
(a) BDAC (b) ABDC
(c) CABD (d) DBCA
In the given figure AB and CD are parallel to each other and MN is the trans-
2.
versal. If ∠MEA = (4x – 60)° and ∠DFN = (2x + 20)°, then what is the value
of x?
M
(4x − 60)°
A B
E
F
C D
(2x + 20)°
N
(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 20 (d) 40
3. In the given figure, AB EF . Find the value of y.

F
C
y
E 3x
120°
3x
B
(a) 10° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 20°

Find the number of diagonals of a 21-sided polygon.

(a) 168 (b) 189 (c) 210 (d) 231
If the sum of the interior angles of an n-sided polygon is 362, 340°, then n =
5.
______.
(a) 2013 (b) 2014 (c) 2015 (d) 2016
A parallelogram has _______ line(s) of symmetry.

6.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
Which of the following is/are not line symmetric?

7.
(a) (b)
(c) (d) All of these
PQ and RS are two equal chords of a circle drawn on either side of the centre
8.
‘O’ of the circle. Both the chords are produced to meet at a point K. Find the
radius of the circle, if RS = 48 cm, 2QK = PQ, and OK = 50 cm.
(a) 2 163 cm (b) 2 173 cm
(c) 2 193 cm (d) 2 203 cm
In the given figure, X and Y are the centres of two intersecting circles and
9.
LM is their common chord. The measures of ∠XLM = 30° and ∠YLM = 45°.
Find the measure of ∠XMY.
X Y
(a) 75° (b) 105° (c) 115° (d) 125°

10. In the figure, ∠MLO = ∠ONP and ∠MNO = ∠OLP. If ∠LON = 120° and Space for rough work
∠LPN = 150°, then find the measure of ∠LMN.
M
L N
(a) 90° (b) 100° (c) 70° (d) 80°
11. In the given figure, ‘O’ is the centre of the circle, ∠OPQ = 30° and ∠ORQ = 40°.
What is the measure of reflex ∠POR?
R
P
O
(a) 200° (b) 220° (c) 240° (d) 210°
12. In the given figure, PQRS is a trapezium. PQ|| RS and PS = QR. What are the
values of x° and y°?
S R
x° − 30° y° + 40°
x° + 20°
P Q
(a) 85°, 35° (b) 95°, 25°

(c) 115°, 40° (d) 145°, 70°
13. An equilateral triangle ABE is constructed on a side of a square ABCD. What

is the measure of ∠AED?

B
A D
E C
(a) 15° (b) 20° (c) 30° (d) 35°
14. Which of the following is an exterior angle of a regular polygon?

(a) 100° (b) 14° (c) 45° (d) 25°
15. Match the values of Column A with those of Column B.

Column A Column B
(Number of Independent (To Construct a
Measures Required) Quadrilateral)
(i) Two (A) Square
(ii) One (B) Trapezium
(iii) Three (C) Rectangle
(iv) Four (D) Parallelogram
(a) (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (B)
(c) (i) → (D); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (C)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (C)

Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (c)
Assessment Test II
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a)
Assessment Test III

1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (d)
Assessment Test IV
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b)

Linear Equations and
Inequations 2
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapter - Linear Equations and Inequations;
pp. 12.1−12.29
1. The following are the steps involved in solving the simultaneous linear
equations 3x + 5y = 11 and 2x + 3y = 7 by elimination method. Arrange them
is sequential order.
(A) We get y = 22 − 21 = 1.
(B) Subtract Eq. (2) × 3 from Eq. (1) × 2.
(C) 3x + 5y = 11 be the Eq. (1) and 2x + 3y = 7 be the Eq. (2).
(D) Multiply Eq. (1) by 2 and Eq. (2) by 3.
(E) Substitute y = 1 in Eq. (1) and we get x = 2.
(a) CBADE (b) CBADE
(c) CDBAE (d) DCABE
2. Find the value of k, if the given equations 2x + 3y = 8 and 6x + ky = 24 have

infinite solutions.
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
3. If 201x + 102y = 504 and 102x + 201y = 405, then what will be the value of
x − y?
(a) 99 (b) 11 (c) 1 (d) 0
3x − 2 7 8x + 1 1
4. If + = − , then calculate the value of x.
2 8 6 8
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
3 x 4  9x 7  2 3x 
5. If +  −  − 1 =  1 +  , then x = ____.
2 7  4 8 7 8
1 3 2
(a) (b) (c) (d) 3
3 2 3
6. Find out the number of positive integral solutions of the equation
3 x − 8 3 x + 10
< .
2 5
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6

2.2 Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequations
3 5 2 4 3 5 Space for rough work

If
7. − = and + = , then find the value of x + y.
x y 3 x y 2
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) −2
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 2 more than the unit digit.
8.
The number formed by reversing the digits exceeds the original number by
7 times the unit digit. Calculate the product of the digits.
(a) 28 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 12
There are 60 questions in a test. Each correct answer fetches 2 marks and
9.
1
for each wrong answer, mark is deducted. A student got 80 marks and
2
he attempted all the questions. Find the number of questions answered
wrongly.
(a) 32 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 8
10. The sum of 3/4th of A’s salary and 5/3rd of B’s salary is `16,000. The differ-
ence of their salaries is `2000. If B’s salary is less than that of A, then what is
the salary of B?
(a)
`8000 (b)
`2000
(c)
`6000 (d)
`12,000
11. Ashok had a total of `60 in the form of `5 coins, `2 coins and `1 coins. The
number of `2 coins is twice that of `5 coins and the number of `1 coins is
thrice that of `5 coins. Find the number of `1 coins with him.
(a) 15 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 20
Direction for questions from 12 to 15: Match the values of Column A with those of
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. 3x − 4y + 1 = 0 (a) (5, 2)
8 7 15
13. + = (b) (4, 6)
x y 2
2
14. x − 5y = 1 (c) (3, 2)
3
15. 4 x − 3 y = 9 (d) (2, 2)
2
(e) (5, 4)
(f) (9, 1)

The following are the steps involved in solving the linear equations 3x + y = 17
1.
and 5x − 3y = 19 by substitution method. Find the sequential order of the
steps.
(A) Find the value of y in terms of x from Eq. (1) i.e., y = 17 − 3x
(B) Substitute the value of y in Eq. (2), i.e., 5x − 3(17 − 3x) = 19
(C) 3x + y = 17 be the Eq. (1) and 5x − 3y = 19 be the Eq. (2)
(D) We get the value of x, i.e., 14x = 19 + 51 ⇒ x = 5
(E) Substituting the value of x, we get the value of y, i.e., y = 17 − 15 = 2
(a) ABCDE (b) CBADE
(c) CABDE (d) CABED
If 5x − 10y = 8 and 7x − ky = 10 have no common solution, then find the value

2.
of k.
(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 14
What will be the value of x − y, if 111x + 212y = 434 and 212x + 111y = 535?
3.
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) −1 (d) 101
2x  x 7 4 5
If
4. + 3  −  + 1 = ( x − 1) + , then x = _____.
5  2 3  5 2
(a) 7 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
4+x 7 3−x 5
If
5. + = + , then solve for x.
3 4 2 4
−2 3 5 5
(a) (b) (c) (d) −
5 5 3 3
5
The number of non-negative integers that satisfy 4 x − ≤ x + 7 is _______.
6.
2
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 3 (d) 6
5 7 6 9 15
If
7. + = 6 and + = , then find the value of x + y.
x y x y 2
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 8 (d) 7
The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is eight. If eighteen is added

8.
to the number, then the digits of the number get interchanged. Find the
number.
(a) 26 (b) 17 (c) 35 (d) 62
There are 48 questions in a test. Each correct answer fetches 1 mark and for
9.
each wrong answer, 1/2 mark is deducted. A student got 21 marks and he

attempted all the questions. What will be the number of questions answered Space for rough work
correctly?
(a) 28 (b) 30 (c) 12 (d) 18
10. The sum of 2/3rd of A’s salary and 7/3rd of B’s salary is `9000. The sum
of their salaries is `6000. Find the difference in their salaries (in `).
(a) 6000 (b) 0 (c) 12,000 (d) 8000
11. Anand had a total of `100 in the form of `5 coins, `2 coins and `1 coins. The
number of `5 coins is 3/2 times that of `2 coins and the number of `1 coins
is half that of `2 coins. Find the number of `5 coins with him.
(a) 15 (b) 10 (c) 5 (d) 20
Column B.
Column A Column B
−1
12. > 0 ,( x ≠ 3) (a) x > 2
x−3
15
13. < 5,( x ≠ 1) (b) x > 1
x −1
14. 8x − 8 > 5x − 2 (c) x > 4
15. 6x + 6 < 7x + 5 (d) x < 3
(e) x < 1

The following are the steps involved in solving the following linear equa-
1.
tions by elimination method:
4x − 3y = 5 and 5x + 2y = 12.
(A) (4x − 3y) × 2 = 5 × 2 ⇒ 8x − 6y = 10
(5x + 2y) × 3 = 12 × 3 ⇒ 15x + 6y = 36.
(B) Multiply 4x − 3y = 5 by 2 and 5x + 2y = 12 by 3.
(C) 8x − 6y = 10 should be added to 15x + 6y = 36.
(D) Substitute the value of x in 4x − 3y = 5, then find the value of y.
(a) ABCD (b) BACD (c) BADC (d) DABC
If 5x + 2y = 13 and 2x + 5y = 1, then the value of x + y is ______.

2.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
4 9
If
3. = , then solve for the value of y is ______.
5 y − 8 5 y − 11
2
(a) 1 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 2
If 2(3x − 5) + 6(x − 7) = 7(x + 5) − 15, then what will be the value of x?

4.
(a) 15.2 (b) 12.7 (c) 14.4 (d) 7
If 3x + y = 10, x − 2y = 1, and 3x − 2y + 5z = 17, then the value of z is _____.

5.
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
If 3x − 5 ≤ 5x − 9, then x is ______.
6.
(a) x ≥ 2 (b) x ≥ 5 (c) x ≤ 2 (d) x ≤ 3
5x −7
7. < 1, where x ≠
Find the solution set of .
5x + 7 5
7 7 −7 −7
x > (b)
(a) x < (c) x< x>
(d)
5 5 5 5
Find the solution of the inequation x + 7 > − 3 + 7x.

8.
5 −5 5 −5
(a) x < (b) x> (c) x > (d)
x<
3 3 3 3
The difference between the present ages of a person and his son is 28 years.
9.
Ten years hence their ages will be in the ratio 3:1. The sum of their present
ages is ______ years.

(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 40 (d) 48 Space for rough work
10. If the system of equations 3x − 2 (k − 1) y = 20 and 5x − 3y = 25 is consistent,

then k ≠ _______.
15 19 9 12
(a) (b) (c) (d)
19 10 10 17
11. A test has 100 questions, each correct answer fetches 1 mark and each wrong
1
answer loses mark. A candidate wrote the test, attempted all the ques-
2
tions, and scored 61 marks. How many questions did he answer correctly?
(a) 75 (b) 72 (c) 74 (d) 80
12. Which of the following points is not in the region y ≤ x + 2?

(a) (0, 0) (b) (1, 5) (c) (4, 2) (d) (6, 3)
13. Which of the following pairs of equations have no solution?

(a) 2x + 3y = 5; 3x − 2y = 7
(b) 5x − 2y = 9; 10x − 4y = 18
(c) 8x + 4y = 7; 4x + 2y = 3
(d) 3x + 5y = 9; 8x + 6y = 11
14. Which of the following equations passes through the origin?

(a) 3x + 5 = 9 (b) 4x − 7y = 10
(c) 2x + 3y = 7y (d) x+y−9=0
Direction for question 15: Match the values of Column A with those of Column B.
15.
Column A Column B
(i) (5, 0) (A) A point in Q2
(ii) (0, 5) (B) A point in Q4
(iii) (10, −9) (C) A point on the x-axis
(iv) (−4, 5) (D) A point on the y-axis
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (B)
(b) (i) → (C); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (B)
(c) (i) → (C); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (A)
(d) (i) → (D); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (B)

Solve the following linear equation by substitution method: 3x − 2y = 9 and

1.
x + 3y = 14.
The following are the steps involved in solving the above problem. Arrange
them in sequential order.
(A) Substitute the value of x in terms of y in the equation 3x − 2y = 9.
(B) x + 3y = 14 ⇒ x = 14 − 3y
(C) −11y = −33 ⇒ y = 3
(D) 3(14 − 3y) − 2y = 9
(E) x = 14 − 3(3) = 5
(a) ABCDE (b) ABDEC
(c) BAEDC (d) BADCE
If 4x + 3y = 17 and 3x + 4y = 18, then the value of x − y is _______.

2.
(a) −1 (b) −2 (c) 4 (d) −5
3 7
If
3. = , then the value of x is ______.
4 x − 5 2x + 3
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
If 5 (x − 2) + 7 (x − 4) = 4 (x + 5) − 14, then the value of x is ______.

4.
(a) 7.5 (b) 3.5 (c) 4.5 (d) 5.5
If 4x + 5y = 2, 3x − 2y = 13, and 7x + 6y + 3z = 12, then the value of z is ______.

5.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
If 2x + 7 ≤ 4x − 9, then x = _______.
6.
(a)x ≤ 5 (b) x ≤ 7 (c) x ≥ 8 (d) x ≥ 9
5x 4
The solution set of
7. < 5, where x ≠ − is ______.
4+x 5
4 −4
x < − 4
(a) (b) x > (c) x > −4 (d) 4 <
5 5
Find the solution of the inequation 3x − 5 ≤ 5x − 8.
8.
5 3 5 −3
(a) x ≤ (b) x ≥ (c) x ≤ − (d)
x≥
2 2 2 2
The sum of the present ages of a person and his daughter is 42 years. Six
9.
years hence the ratio of their ages will be 7:2. The difference of their present
ages is______ years.
(a) 38 (b) 20 (c) 24 (d) 30

10. For what values of k is the system of equations 5x − 2ky = 40 and 3x − 4y = 24 Space for rough work
consistent?
10 15 17 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 7 2 3
11. A test has 120 questions. Each correct answer fetches 2 marks and each wrong
answer loses 1 mark. A candidate wrote the test, attempted all the questions
and scored 81 marks. How many questions did he answer wrongly?
(a) 56 (b) 55 (c) 54 (d) 53
12. Which of the following points lies in the region x − 2y > 5?

(a) (1, 1) (b) (3, 2) (c) (4, −1) (d) (3, −1)
13. Which of the following pairs of equations have unique solution?

(a) 2x + 3y = 7; 4x + 6y = 14
(b) 12x + 6y = 5; 6x + 3y = 2.5
(c) x + y = 7; x + y = 15
(d) 3x + 2y = 15; 5x − 4y = 12
14. Which of the following does not pass through the origin?
(a) x + 4 = 2y (b) 7y = 2x
(c) x + 2y = 8y (d) 3x + y = 4x + 6y
15.
Column A Column B
(a1 x + b1 y + c1 = 0;
a2 x + b2 y + c2 = 0)
a1 b1 c1
(i) = ≠ (A) Independent equations
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1
(ii) ≠ (B) Dependent equations
a2 b2
a1 b1 c1
(iii) = = (C) Inconsistent equations
a2 b2 c2
(iv) a21 + b12 = 0 and a22 + b22 = 0 (D) Not the linear equations
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (D)
(c) (i) → (D); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (B)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)

Answer Keys 2.9
Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (e) 13. (d) 14. (f) 15. (c)
Assessment Test II
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (a) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b)
Assessment Test III

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)
Assessment Test IV
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (b)

Mensuration
3
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapter - Mensuration; pp. 17.1−17.20
1. The following are the steps involved in finding the area of a triangle ABC of
sides a, b, and c. Arrange them in sequential order.
(A) Calculate the difference of each side with the semi-perimeter.
(B) Find the semi perimeter.
(C) Find the product of the differences and semi perimeter.
(D) Find the square root of the product.
(a) ABCD (b) BCDA
(c) BACD (d) CADB
2. Find the area of an isosceles triangle whose base is 10 cm and the length of
each equal side is 8 cm.
(a) 10 39 sq.cm. (b) 5 11 sq.cm.
(c) 5 39 sq.cm. (d) 6 13 sq.cm.
3. Calculate the area of a square whose diagonal is equal to 32 × 7 × 24.5 cm
(in sq. cm).
(a) 34 × 72 × 28 (b) 34 × 72 × 23.5
(c) 34 × 72 × 29 (d) 34 × 72 × 225
4. At the most, how many cakes of soap with dimensions 8 cm × 6 cm × 4 cm
can be placed in a wooden box of inner measures 28 cm × 16 cm × 12 cm?
(a) 35 (b) 24 (c) 28 (d) 36
5. Find the area of a circle (in sq. cm) whose circumference is equal to the
perimeter of a parallelogram of sides 65 cm and 67 cm.
(a) 5544 (b) 4545
(c) 5454 (d) 4455
6. What is the radius of a sector of central angle 120° and the length of the arc
924 cm (in cm)?
(a) 441 (b) 196
(c) 49 (d) 121

3.2 Chapter 3 Mensuration
Find the volume of a cylinder whose base area is 154 sq. cm and the curved
surface area is 440 sq. cm (in cu cm).
(a) 1548 (b) 1234
(c) 1540 (d) 1430
The volume of a sphere is 38,808 cm3. What is the surface area of the sphere
8.
(in sq. cm)?
(a) 4928 (b) 5064
(c) 5544 (d) 5644
Find the total surface area of a cuboid which can be made from 4 cubes of
9.
edge 4 cm each joined end to end (in sq. cm).
(a) 284 (b) 144
(c) 196 (d) 288
10. What is the total surface area of a solid hemisphere whose curved surface
area is 416 sq.cm?
(a) 618 cm2 (b) 636 cm2
(c) 624 cm2 (d) 636 cm2
11. The product of the surface areas (in sq. cm) of three mutually adjacent faces
of a cuboid is 576. Calculate its volume (in cu cm).
(a) 24 (b) 48
(c) 72 (d) 96
Direction for questions 12 to 15: Match the values of Column A with those of
Column B.
Column A Column B
(Area of the shaded
region/CSA of solids)
12.
(a) p Rr
Radius of outer circle = R

Radius of inner circle = r
13.
(b) 2p Rr
Length of the arc = R

Radius of the circle = r

Column A Column B Space for rough work

(Area of the shaded
region/CSA of solids)
14.
(c) p (R + r) (R - r)
Slant height of the cone = R

Radius of the base = r
15.
1
(d) p rR
3
Height of the cylinder = R

Radius of the base = r
Rr
(e)
2

The length of an arc of a sector of a circle is 44 cm. The following are the
1.
steps involved in finding the area of the circle, if the central angle is 120°.
x°
(A) Substitute l = 44, x° = 120° in l = × 2p r
360
(B) Recall the formula for length of an arc of a sector.
(C) Recall the formula for the area of a circle.
(D) Substitute the value of r in p r2.
(E) Find the value of the radius of the sector.
(a) CBAED (b) BAECD
(c) BACED (d) BACDE
One of the equal sides of an isosceles triangle is 13 cm and length of the alti-
2.
tude drawn to unequal side is 5 cm. What is the area of the triangle?
(a) 50 cm2 (b) 38 cm2
(c) 60 cm2 (d) 28 cm2
The area of a square is 24 × 36 × 510 sq. cm. Find the length of its diagonal
3.
(in cm).
(a) 22 × 33 × 56· 2 (b) 22 × 34 × 55· 2
(c) 22 × 33 × 55· 2 (d) 23 × 33 × 55· 2
How many solid lead balls of diameter 4 cm each can be made from a solid
4.
lead ball of radius 8 cm?
(a) 64 (b) 32
(c) 8 (d) 26
Find the circumference of a circle whose area in sq. cm is equal to its
5.
circumference.
(a) p cm (b) 2p cm
(c) 4p cm (d) 8p cm
Three sectors are cut from a circle of radius 12 cm. If the length of the arc of
6.
each sector is 22 cm, then find the angle of the sector formed with the
remainder of the circle.
(a) 60° (b) 45°
(c) 15° (d) 35°
The base radius of a cylinder is 20 cm and its height is 2016 cm. Find its
7.
curved surface area in sq. cm.
(a) 253,440 (b) 234,550
(c) 332,550 (d) 372,440

If the surface area of a sphere is 5544 sq. cm, then what will be the volume of
the sphere (in cm3)?
(a) 38,808 (b) 47,704
(c) 310,464 (d) 55,088
Find the lateral surface area of a cube formed when 27 cubes of edge 5 cm
9.
each are stacked (in sq. cm).
(a) 400 (b) 600
(c) 900 (d) 1350
10. What will be the total surface area of a solid hemisphere whose area of the
circular face is 670 sq. cm (in sq. cm)?
(a) 2010 (b) 2016
(c) 2013 (d) 2014
11. The product of the surface areas (in sq. cm) of three mutually adjacent faces
of a cuboid is 3600. Find its volume (in cu cm).
(a) 30 (b) 45
(c) 75 (d) 60
Direction for questions 12 to 15: Match the statements of Column A with values of
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. Volume of a cylinder whose height (a) p R3
is equal to its base diameter (2R).
13. Volume of a cone whose height is (b) 2p R3
equal to 3 times its base radius (R).
14. Volume of a sphere whose radius 9
(c) p R3
2
3
is R.
2
15. Volume of a hemisphere whose (d) 10p R3
radius is 3R.
(e) 18p R3

The following are the steps involved in finding the area of an equilateral
1.
triangle ABC whose side is ‘a’ units. Arrange them in a sequential order.
1
(A) Area of a triangle = × base × height.
2
(B) Let AD be the altitude ⇒ D is the midpoint of BC.
1 3
(C) Area of the triangle =
×a× a.
2 2
(D) In DADB, AD2 = AB2 - BD2
2
 a
⇒ h2 = a2 −   .
 2
(a) BDAC (b) BCDA
(c) DBAC (d) BADC
Find the area of a regular hexagon of perimeter 36 cm.
2.
(a) 36 3 cm2 (b) 54 3 cm2
(c) 72 3 cm2 (d) 12 3 cm2
12 6
If the area of a right isosceles triangle is 54 sq. cm, then find its hypotenuse
3.
12 6
(in cm). 123 36
(a) 3 36 (b)
12 63 33
(c) 63 33 (d) 66 63
4. 66 63 of a sector is 84° and the circumference
The angle 6 6 of the corresponding circle
is 330 cm. Calculate the area of the sector.
6 6
(a) 2021.25 sq. cm (b) 2121.5 sq. cm
(c) 2221.25 sq. cm (d) 2112.5 sq. cm
The area of a trapezium is 49 sq. cm. If one of the parallel sides is 4 cm and
5.
the distance between the parallel sides is 7 cm, then what will be the length
of the other parallel side?
(a) 5 cm (b) 7 cm
(c) 10 cm (d) 12 cm
A welder made a frame of an equilateral triangular prism with iron bars as
6.
edges. If the side of the base is 60 cm and the height is 1.95 m, then find the
total length of the iron bar (omit the overlapping).
(a) 8.5 m (b) 9.25 m
(c) 8.95 m (d) 9.45 m

The surface area of a hemispherical shell of inner diameter is 14 cm and

thickness 7 cm is ______ sq. cm (approximately).
(a) 624p (b) 637p
(c) 648p (d) 652p
A sector of central angle 120° and radius 42 cm was made into a cone. Find
8.
the height of the cone.
(a) 24 2 cm (b) 28 2 cm
(c) 12 3 cm (d) 16 2 cm
What is the volume of a cylinder having base diameter 6 cm and height is
9.
14 cm?
(a) 308 cm3 (b) 396 cm3
(c) 402 cm3 (d) 428 cm3
10. ABCD is a rectangle with AB = 14 cm and BC = 7 cm. DP and BQ are the arcs
of the sectors drawn with ‘A’ as centre. Find the area of the shaded region
(in sq. cm).
D Q C
30°
A P B
(a)
7
3
(
11 + 21 3 (b) ) 7
6
(
11 + 21 3 )
(c)
7
6
(
11 + 12 3 (d) ) 7
3
(
11 + 12 3 )
11. Total surface area of a solid cube is 96 sq. cm. A smaller cube from the corner
of the initial cube is carved out. Find the total surface area of the remainder.
(a) 92 sq. cm (b) 93 sq. cm
(c) 90 sq. cm (d) 96 sq. cm
12. ABCD is a parallelogram AB = 6 cm, AD = 8 cm, and ∠DAB = 60°. What will
be the area of the parallelogram (in sq. cm)?
(a) 12 3 (b) 16 3 (c) 24 3 (d) 32 3
13. Find the area of an isosceles triangle of sides 5 cm, 5 cm, and 6 cm (in sq. cm).
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 16
14. A rectangular grassy lawn is 20 m by 16 m. It has a gravel path 1.8 m wide
all around it inside. Calculate the area of the path (in sq. m).
(a) 120.28 (b) 116.64
(c) 112.42 (d) 108.26

15. Match the statements of Column A with those of Column B. Space for rough work
Column A Column B
(i) Area of a rhombus whose (A) Area of a square of side
diagonals are equal and each d cm.
diagonal is equal to d cm.
(ii) Area of a rectangle whose (B) Area of a square of diagonal
length and breadth are equal is d cm.
to d cm.
(iii) Area of a trapezium whose (C) Area of a parallelogram
parallel sides are d, 2d and whose each of longer sides
distance between them is d. is 3d and distance between
d
them is .
4
(iv) Area of a quadrilateral whose (D) Area of a triangle whose
diagonal is d and the altitudes base 3d and corresponding
d height is d.
drawn on to it are d and
2
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)
(b) (i) → (B); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (C)
(c) (i) → (D); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (C)

The following are the steps involved in finding the area of the triangle, if
1.
ABC is an isosceles triangle in which AB = AC = a units and BC = b units.
(A) In DADB, AD2 = AB2 - BD2
b
(B) Draw AD ^ BC ⇒ BD = CD =
2
1  4 a − b2 
2
(C) Area of DABC = (b)  
2  2 
2
 b
(D) AD = a2 −  
 2
1
(E) Area of triangle ABC = × base × height
2
(a) ABCDE (b) BADEC
(c) ABDEC (d) BAEDC
Find the area of a regular hexagon whose side is 12 cm (in sq. cm).
2.
(a) 36 3 (b) 96 3
(c) 196 2 (d) 216 3
If the hypotenuse of a right isosceles triangle is 13 2cm, then what will be
3.
the area of the triangle?
(a) 80 sq. cm (b) 84.5 sq. cm
(c) 169 sq. cm (d) 169 2 sq. cm
The area of a sector is 770 sq. cm. The arc of a sector of a circle makes an
4.
angle of 72° at the centre of the circle. Find the circumference of the circle.
(a) 220 cm (b) 110 cm
(c) 330 cm (d) 55 cm
In a trapezium, the sum of the lengths of the parallel sides is 32 cm and
5.
the area of the trapezium is 128 sq. cm. Calculate the distance between the
parallel sides.
(a) 7 cm (b) 8 cm
(c) 10 cm (d) 12 cm
The total length of the edges of an equilateral triangular based prism is
6.
8.64 m. The side of the base is half of the height in length. What will be the
perimeter of the base?
(a) 2.20 m (b) 2.16 m
(c) 2.32 m (d) 2.18 m

Find the inner surface area of a hemispherical shell whose outer diameter is
16.4 cm and the thickness is 1.2 cm.
(a) 208 sq. cm (b) 312 sq. cm
(c) 308 sq. cm (d) 324 sq. cm
1
From a circle of radius 21 cm, a sector of area of
8. of the circle is removed
3
and the remaining is made as a cone. Find the base radius of the cone formed.
(a) 21 cm (b) 17 cm
(c) 14 cm (d) 12 cm
The volume of a cylinder is 2156 cm3. If the height of the cylinder is twice its
9.
base radius, then what will be its height?
(a) 14 cm (b) 7 cm
(c) 21 cm (d) 24 cm
10. In the figure, ABCD is a square. A sector is drawn with A as centre. If AB =
7 3 cm, then find the area of the shaded region (in sq. cm).
D C
A B
(a) 31.5 (b) 32.5

(c) 42.5 (d) 36.5
11. Three identical cubes are joined as shown in the figure. If the total surface
area of each cube is 6 sq. cm, then what will be the total surface area of the
cuboid formed (in sq. cm)?
(a) 18 (b) 14 (c) 16 (d) 12

12. PQRS is a parallelogram. If PS = 10 cm and ∠SPQ = 30° and the area of the
parallelogram is 55 3 sq. cm, then find the length of PQ (in cm).
(a) 11 3 (b) 12 3
(c) 9 3 (d) 15 3
13. Area of an isosceles triangle is 48 sq. cm. Each of its equal side is 2 cm less than
its base. If its perimeter is an integer in cm, then calculate the perimeter (in cm).
(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 42 (d) 24

14. A rectangular play ground is 75 m by 60 m. It has a cement path of width 2 m Space for rough work
all around and outside of the ground. Find the perimeter of the order edge
of the path (in m).
(a) 286 (b) 244 (c) 320 (d) 275
Column A Column B
(i) P
erimeter of an isos- (A) Perimeter of a quadrilateral
celes triangle whose whose sides are a, 2a, b,
base is b cm, each and b.
equal sides is a cm.
(ii) Perimeter of a rec- (B) P
erimeter of a pentagon
tangle whose length whose sides are a, b, 2a, a,
is a cm and breadth and b.
is 2b cm.
(iii) Perimeter of a par- (C) Perimeter of a hexa-
allelogram whose gon whose sides are
adjacent sides are 2a b b a a a a a
, , , , , , and
cm and b cm. 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
erimeter of an
(iv) P (D) Perimeter of a scalene
isosceles trapezi- triangle whose sides are
um whose parallel 2a, 3b, and b.
sides are a, 2a, and
non-parallel sides
each is b cm.
(a) (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
(b) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)
(c) (i) → (C); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (A)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)

Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (e) 14. (a) 15. (b)
Assessment Test II
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (e)
Assessment Test III

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (b)
Assessment Test IV
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c)

Polynomials and
Their LCM and HCF 4
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapter - Polynomials and their LCM and HCF;
pp. 4.1−4.14
 2 2  4 2 2 4
1. The following are the steps involved in simplifying  x 3 − y 3   x 3 + x 3 y 3 + y 3  .
  
 2 2  4 2 2 4
x − y  x + x y + y  .
3 3 3 3 3 3 Arrange them in sequential order.
  
2   2  2  2   2  2
2 3 3
 2 2 2
 3 3 3 3 
(A) \  x − y   x  + x y +  y  =  x  −  y 
3 3 3 3
          
 
(B) Given expression can be written as
 2 2   2  2 2 2  2 
2
3 3 
 x − y   x  + x y +  y  
3 3 3 3
     
 
(C) We have (a − b)(a2 + ab + b2) = a3 − b3
2 2
×3 ×3
(D) ⇒ x 3 − y 3 = x2 − y2
(a) ABCD (b) DBAC
(c) BADC (d) BCAD
2. Factorize: (16x2 + 40xy + 25y2) − (4x2 − 4xy + y2)
(a) 4(3x + 2y) (x + 3y) (b) 8(3x + y) (9x + 3y)
(c) 4(3x − 2y) (x + 3y) (d) 4(3x + y) (x − 3y)
3. Find the LCM of 42x (x − 1)2 (x − 3)2 and 14x2 (x2 − 1) (x − 3).
(a) 42x2 (x2 − 1) (x − 3)2 (b) 14x (x − 1)2 (x − 3)2
(c) 14x2 (x2 − 1) (x − 1) (x − 3) (d) 42x2 (x2 − 1) (x −1) (x − 3)2
x2 + y 2
4. If x2 + y2 + xy = 50 and x + y = 7, then find the value of .
17 xy
(a) 3 (b) −3
(c) 1 (d) −1
5. A = 6x3 − 3x2 − 2x + 1 and B = 2x − 1. If A is divided by B, then the quotient is
Q. Find the value of B + Q.
(a) 3x2 − 2x + 1 (b) 2x − 1
(c) 3x2 + 2x − 2 (d) 3x2 − 2x + 2

4.2 Chapter 4 Polynomials and Their LCM and HCF
6.
( a2 − b2 ) ( a − b )
2
= _______
( a + b )3
2
a2 + b2  a − b
(a) (b)  
a+b a + b
( a − b)
2
( a − b )3
(c) (d)
( a + b )3 ( a + b )2
( x + y ) ( x2 + xy + y2 )
Solve for:
7. .
( x3 − y 3 )
(x + y)
(a) (b)
x−y
(x − y) x+y
x − y (d)
(c) x+y
If (x + 4) is a factor of 3x2 + 13x + k, then the value of k is ______.
8.
(a) 1 (b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 4
If the HCF of f(x) = (x − 3) (x2 + x + m) and g(x) = (x − 2) (x2 + x + n) is (x − 3)
9.
(x − 2), then m + n = ______.
(a) 6 (b) −12
(c) −18 (d) 12
10. The degree of a polynomial f(x) is 3 and the degree of another polynomial
g(x) is 4. The degree of the polynomial [f(x) + g(x)] is ______.
(a) 3 (b) 4
(c) 7 (d) 12
11. (3x2 + 2x) (9x4 − 6x3 + 4x2) = _______
(a) 27x6 + 8x2 (b)
x3 (27x3 + 8)
(c) 27x6 − 8x2 (d)
x3(27x3 − 8)
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. 4x4− 6x3 + 3x + 5 (a) Not a polynomial
13. x2 − 9x − 6 (b) Quadratic polynomial
14. 2 x + 5 (c) Zero degree polynomial

3 2
15. 92 − 72 (d) Linear polynomial
(e) Biquadratic polynomial

The following are the steps involved in simplifying (x3 − y3)2 − 2(x6 − y6) +
1.
(x3 + y3)2. Arrange them in sequential order.
(A) a2 − 2ab + b2 = (a − b)2 ⇒ (x3 − y3)2 − 2(x6 − y6) + (x3 + y3)2 = (x3 − y3 − x3
\
− y3)2 = 8y6
(B) We have a2 − 2ab + b2 = (a − b)2
(C) Let a = x3 −y3 and b = x3 + y3
(a) ABC (b) BCA
(c) ACB (d) BAC
Factorize: 9x4 + 16 + 20x2
2.
(a) (3x2 + 2x + 4) (3x2 + 2x − 4) (b) (3x2 − 2x + 4) (3x2 + 2x − 4)
(c) (3x2 − 2x + 4) (3x2 + 2x + 4) (d) (3x2 − 2x − 4) (3x2 + 2x + 4)
Find the LCM of 24x2 (x + 2)2 (x2 − 1) and 18x (x2 − 4) (x + 1).
3.
(a) 72x2 (x + 2)2 (x2 −1) (x − 2) (b) 24x2 (x + 2)2 (x2 − 4) (x2 − 1)
(c) 72x2 (x + 2)2 (x − 2) (x − 1) (d) 18x(x + 2) (x − 1) (x + 1)
13 xy
If x2 + y2 − xy = 21 and x + y = 6, then find the value of
4. .
x2 + y 2
5 5
(a) (b)
3 2
2 3
(c) (d)
5 5
P = x − 7x + 6 and R = x − 3x + 2. If P is divided by R, then the quotient is Q,
5. 3 2
find the value of P + Q.

x3 + 8x + 9
(a) (b) x3 − 8x − 3
x3 − 6x + 9
(c) (d) x3 − 6x + 3
( )
x3 − y 3 ( x + y )
6. = ________
(
x2 − y 2 )
x2 + xy + y2 (b)
(a) x2 − xy + y2
x + y (d)
(c) x−y
Solve for:
7.
( x + y) + (x − y)
2 2
.
( x + y )2 − ( x − y )2
x y x y
(a) + (b) −
2 y 2x 2 y 2x
x2 + y 2 x2 − y 2
(c) (d)
xy 2 xy

If (x + 3) is a factor of x2 − 2x − k, then the value of k is _______.

(a) 9 (b) −7 (c) 15 (d) 5
If the HCF of f(x) = (x + 3)
9. (x2 − 4x + p) and g(x) = (x − 3) (x2 + x + q) is x2 − 9,
then find the value of p − q.
(a) 9 (b) 10 (c) 8 (d) 7
10. The degree of a polynomial p(x) is 2 and that of another polynomial q(x) is 3,
then the degree of p(x) × q(x) is_____.
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 6 (d) 5
11. (4x2 − 1) (16x4 + 4x2 + 1) = _______
(a) 64x6 − 1 (b) (8x3)2 + 1
(c) (8x3)3 − 1 (d) 64x3 + 1
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. Polynomial in one (a) 100x°
variable
13. Not a polynomial (b) 3 x2 + 7 x − 1

1
14. Constant polynomial (c) x +
x
15. Zero polynomial (d) ax2 + bx + c, where
a=b=c=0

1 1
If x +
1. = 5, then find x3 + 3 . The following are the steps involved in solving
x x
the above problem. Arrange them in sequential order.
1  1
(A) x3 + 3 + 3  x +  = 27
x  x
 1
(B)  x +  = 3
 x
1
x3 + 3 + 3 × 3 = 27
(C)
x
3
 1
(D)  x +  = 27
x
1
(E) x3 + 3 = 18
x
(a) BCADE (b) BDACE
(c) BDEAC (d) BACDE
1 1
If x − = 4, then x2 + 2 = ______.
2.
x x
(a) 16 (b) 12 (c) 18 (d) 8
Simplify: (2x − 3y) (4x2 + 6xy + 9y2).
3.
(a) 8x3 − 27y3 (b) 2x3 − 3y3
(c) 4x2 − 9y2 (d) 8x3 + 27y3
If x2 − 3x − 28 = (x − A) (x − B), then the value of A + B = ______.
4.
(a) 3 (b) 11 (c) −3 (d) 7
If
5. 3x2 + 13x + 4 = (Ax + B) (Cx + D), then find the value of AC + BD.
(a) 15 (b) 12 (c) 7 (d) 20
If a, b and c are consecutive even numbers, and abc + ab + bc + ac + a + b + c
6.
= 692, then what will be the value of a + b + c?
(a) 20 (b) 18 (c) 30 (d) 24
(5x2 + 12x + 7) ÷ (5x + 7) = ______
7.
x + 5
(a) (b) x + 3
x + 5
(c) (d) x + 1
If x6 + 64y6 = (Ax2 + By2) (Cx4 + Dx2 y2 + Ey4), then A + B + C + D + E = ______.
8.
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 26 (d) 20
Solve for:
9. a2 + b2 − c2 − 2ab.
(a) (a + b + c) (a + b − c) (b) (a − b + c) (a + b + c)
(c) (a − b − c) (a − b + c) (d) (a − b + c) (a − b − c)

10. Calculate the LCM of (x + m)2 and (x2 − m2). Space for rough work
(a) x + m (b) x2 − m2
(c) (x + m)
2 (d) (x2 − m2) (x + m)
11. The HCF of (x2 − 1)2, (x − 1), and (x2 − 1) is ______.
x + 1
(a) (b) x2 − 1
(c)
x – 1 (d) x2 + 1
12. What will be HCF of 6x2 − 7x + 2 and 4x2 − 1?
(a) 1 (b) 2x − 1
(c) 2x + 1 (d) 3x − 2
13. The LCM of (x + 1) (x − 2)2 (x + 3)2 and (x + 1) (x − 2) (x + 3)3 is _______.
(a) (x − 2)2 (x + 3)3 (x + 1) (b) (x − 2) (x + 3) (x + 1)
(c) (x + 3)3 (d) (x − 2)
14. If the HCF of f(x) = (x − 4) (3x2 − 8x + m) and g(x) = (x − 3) (4x2 − 15x + n) is
(x − 4) (x − 3), where m and n are constants, then find the value of m + n is
_______.
(a) 0 (b) 7 (c) −7 (d) 12
15.
Column A Column B
(Polynomial) (Product of Factors)
(i) 2x2 + x − 6 (A) (2x − 3) (x + 2)
(ii) 2x2 − x − 6 (B) (3x − 2) (x − 3)
(iii) 3x2 + 11x + 6 (C) (3x + 2) (x + 3)
(iv) 3x2 − 11x + 6 (D) (2x + 3) (x − 2)
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (A); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (B)
(c) (i) → (D); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (C)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)

1 1
If a −
1. = 5, then find a3 + 3 . The following are the steps are involved in
a a
solving the above problem. Arrange them in sequential order.
1  1
a3 − 3 − 3  a −  = 125
(A)
a  a
3
1  1
a − = 5 ⇒  a −  = 125
(B)
a  a
2 2
 3 1  3 1
(C)  a + 3  −  a − a3  = 4
a
1
(D) a3 − 3 = 140
a
1
(E) a3 + 3 = 19604
a
(a) BADCE (b) ABCDE
(c) BDACE (d) AEBCD
1 1
If x + = 6, then x2 + 2 = ______.
2.
x x
(a) 34 (b) 36 (c) 32 (d) 16
(4x + 3y)
3. (16x2 − 12xy + 9y2) = __________.
(a) 4x3 + 3y3 (b) 16x2 + 9y2
(c) 12x3 + 9y3 (d) 64x3 + 27y3
If x2 + 3x + 2 = (x − A) (x − B), then A + B = ______.
4.
−1
(a) (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) −3
If 6x2 + 11x − 10 = (Px + Q) (Ax + B), then find the value of AP + BQ.
5.
−4
(a) (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 20
If x, y, and z are consecutive odd integers and xyz + xy + yz + zx + x + y + z =
6.
959, then xyz = ______.
(a) 495 (b) 315 (c) 693 (d) 429
(6x2
7. + x − 15) ÷ (3x + 5) = ______
(a) 2x − 3 (b) 2x − 5 (c) 3x − 3 (d) 2x + 3
If −
8. a6 = +
729b6 (Pa2 Qb2) (Ra4 + Sa2b2 + Tb4), then what will be the value of
P + Q + R − S + T?
(a) 60 (b) 74 (c) 55 (d) 65
x2 + y2 − z2 + 2xy = ______
9.
(a) (x + y − z) (x − y + z) (b) (x − y + z) (x − y + z)
(c) (x + y − z) (x + y + z) (d) (x + y − z) (x − y − z)

10. The LCM of (x − n)2 and (x2 + n2) is ______. Space for rough work
(a) x2 − n2 (b) (x2 − n2) (x + n)
(c) (x − n)2 (x2 + n2) (d) (x2 − n2)2
11. Find the HCF of (x + 1)2, (x2 − 1), and (x + 1).
x + 1
(a) (b) x2 − 1
x − 1
(c) (d) x2 + 1
12. What will be the HCF of (x2 − 9) and (x2 − 6x + 9)?
x + 3
(a) (b) (x + 3)2
x − 3
(c) (d) 1
13. The LCM (x + 2)2 (x − 2) (x2 − 1) and (x − 2)2 (x + 2) (x + 1) is ______.
(a) (x − 2)2 (x + 2)2 (x + 1) (b) (x − 2)2 (x + 2) (x2 − 1)
(c) (x − 2) (x + 2) (x + 1) (x − 1) (d) (x − 2)2 (x + 2)2 (x2 − 1)
14. If the HCF of (x − 2) (2x2 + 7x + P) and (x + 2) (2x2 − 7x + Q) is x2 − 4, where P
and Q are integers, then P + Q = _______.
(a) 0 (b) 6 (c) 12 (d) 8
15.
Column A Column B
(Polynomials) (HCF)
(i) x2 − y2, (x + y)2 (A) 1
(ii) (x − y)2, (x3 − y3) (B) x − y
(iii) x3 + y3, x2 − xy + y2 (C) x + y
(iv) x2 + xy + y2 , x2 − xy + y2 (D) x2 − xy + y2
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)
(c) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)
(d) (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)

Answer Keys 4.9
Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (e) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (c)
Assessment Test II
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (d)
Assessment Test III

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b)
Assessment Test IV
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (c) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (b)

Ratio, Proportion, and
Variations: Commercial
Mathematics
5
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapters - Ratio Proportion Variations; Percentages;
Profit and Loss, Discount and Partnership; Simple Interest and Compound Interest; pp. 6.1–6.14; 7.1–7.9; 8.1–8.11; 9.1–9.13
1 1
1. If two numbers are in the ratio : , then the following steps are involved
7 5
in calculating by what percentage is the second number more than the first.
(A) i.e., the second number is 2x more than the first number.
(B) Difference between the two numbers is 7x - 5x = 2x.
1 1
(C) Given that the ratio of two numbers = : = 5:7.
7 5
∴ Let the numbers be 5x and 7x.
(D) The percentage by which the second number is more than the first number
2x
= × 100% = 40%
5x
(a) ABCD (b) CBAD (c) BCAD (d) CABD
q + 6p
2. If 2.7 p = 0.09q, then = ______.
q − 6p
4 3 5 6
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 2 4 5
a c e a+c
3. If = = , then what will be the value of ?
b d f b+d
a+e c+e
(a) (b)
b+ f d+ f
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)
4. In which of the following situations can it be concluded that A varies directly

with B?
3
A  A
(a) 3 is a constant. (b)   is constant.
B  B
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

5.2 Chapter 5 Ratio, Proportion, and Variations: Commercial Mathematics
The ratio of the incomes of P and Q is 2:3. The ratio of their expenditures is
5:6. Who saves a greater part of his income?
(a) P
(b) Q
(c) Both save equal parts of their incomes.
(d) Cannot say
P, Q and R had some stamps among them. The ratio of the stamps with
6.
1 1 1
them was : : . If the ratio of the stamps with them had been 2:3:6 instead,
2 3 6
which of the following can be concluded?
(a) Q would have less stamps than he actually does.
(b) P would have less stamps than he actually does.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) Neither (a) nor (b).
In an exam, a student gets 30% of the maximum marks and failing by 30

7.
marks. If 40% of the maximum marks is required for passing, then find the
maximum marks.
(a) 200 (b) 250 (c) 100 (d) 300
A trader professes to sell his goods at cost price but sells 900 g weight for
8.
every 1 kg. What is the profit percentage?
(a) 20% (b) 15%
1
(c) 10% (d) 11 %
9
A trader marks his product 30% above the cost price and then gives a dis-
9.
count of 10%. Find his profit percentage.
(a) 21% (b) 15% (c) 13% (d) 17%
10. Trader A gives a single discount of 30% on an article whose marked price
is `x and trader B gives two discounts of 25% and 5% on an article whose
marked price is `x. Which is a better discount offered to the customers?
(a) Discount offered by trader A.
(b) Discount offered by trader B.
(c) Both are same.
(d) Cannot be determined.
11. A merchant gets `1160 by selling article A at 30% profit and B at 20% loss. He
gets the same amount if he sells A at 20% loss and B at 5% profit. What is the
cost price of article B?
(a) `400 (b) `800 (c) `500 (d) `600

Directions for questions 12 to 15: Match the statements of Column A with the values Space for rough work
of Column B.
Column A Column B
12. A number when increased by 60% (a) 8
becomes 16. The number is ______.
13. A man sells 150 mangoes at the cost price (b) 12
of 225 mangoes. His profit is _______%.
14. A certain sum doubles in 6 years under (c) 20
simple interest. The time taken to it to
become 4 times itself is_______ years.
15. If `125 amounts to `216 under compound (d) 10
interest in 3 years, then the rate of interest
is_______%.
(e) 50
(f) 15

Directions for questions 1 to 11: Select the correct answer from the given options.
1 1
If two numbers are in the ratio
1. : , then the following steps are involved
15 20
in finding by what percentage is the second number less than the first.
(A) Difference between the two numbers is 4x - 3x = x.
1 1
(B) Given that the ratio of two numbers = : = 20:15 = 4:3.
15 20
Let the numbers be 4x and 3x.
(C) The percentage by which the second number is less than the first num-
x
ber = × 100% = 25%.
4x
(D) i.e., the second number is x less than the first number.
(a) BADC (b)BDAC (c) DBAC (d) ABDC
4 x +5 y
If x:y = 4:9, then find the value of
2. .
6 x +7 y
21 19 27 23
(a) (b) (c) (d)
31 29 37 33
b a c
If
3. = = , then each of these ratios can be equal to ____.
a+b−c a+c−b b+c−a
1 2 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 3 3
In which of the following situations can we conclude that P varies inversely

4.
with Q?
(a) PQ is a constant. (b) 2PQ is a constant.
(c) (PQ)3 is a constant. (d) All of the above
The ratio of the incomes of X and Y is 3:4. The ratio of their expenditures is
5.
4:5. Who spends a greater part of his income?
(a) X
(b) Y
(c) Both spend equal parts of their incomes.
(d) Cannot say
A, B and C intended to divide a certain sum among themselves in the ratio

6.
1 1 1
2:3:4. By mistake, they divided it in the ratio : : . How many of A, B and
2 3 4
C lost due to this mistake?
(a) 3 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 2

Amar gets 20% of the total marks in an examination and fails by 20 marks.
Ajay gets 40% of the total marks and gets 10 marks more than the passing
marks. Find the total marks.
(a) 120 (b) 300 (c) 150 (d) 125
A trader professes to sell his goods at cost price and still earns a profit of
8.
25%. What weight has he used for 1 Kg?
(a) 1250 g (b) 750 g (c) 800 g (d) 600 g
A trader marks his product 60% above the cost price and then gives a dis-
9.
count of 30%. Find his profit percentage.
(a) 30% (b) 24% (c) 48% (d) 12%
10. Three traders A, B and C sell an article of the same marked price. Trader A
gives a single discount of 30%. Trader B gives two successive discounts of
20% and 10%. Trader C gives successive discounts of 15%, 10% and 5%. Who
gives the maximum discount?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) B or C
11. A trader presently earns 15% profit by selling his product. If he increases the
price of the product by `24, then his gain per cent increases to 27%. Find the
cost price of the product.
(a) `20 (b) `200 (c) `150 (d) `160
Direction for questions 12 to 15: Match the statements of Column A with the values
of Column B.
Column A Column B
12. A number when decreased by 40% (a) 20
becomes 12. The number is _______.
13. A man sells 150 mangoes at the cost (b) 20
price of 100 mangoes. His loss is
_______ percentage.
14. A certain sum triples in 3 years (c) 6
under simple interest. The time
taken to it to become 5 times itself is
_______ years.
15. If `1000 amounts to `1331 under (d) 10
compound interest in 3 years, then
rate of interest is _______%.
(e) 5
1
(f) 33
3
(g) 16

If x:y = 3:4, then the following steps are involved in finding the value of (3x
1.
+ y):(x + 3y). Arrange them in sequential order.
(A) x = 3a, y = 4a
(B) (9a + 4a):(3a + 12a)
(C) (3x + y):(x + 3y)
(D) 13a:15a = 13:15
(a) ABCD (b) BACD (c) CBAD (d) ACBD
If A:B = B:C = 4:5, then find the ratio of A:B:C.

2.
(a) 8:20:25 (b) 20:15:25
(c) 4:5:6 (d) 16:20:25
1 1
The ratio of incomes of A and B is : . By what percentage A’s income less
3.
3 2
than that of B?
2 1 3
(a) 20% (b) 16 % (c) 33 % (d) 23 %
3 3 7
The compounded ratio of (x + 5):25 and 9:x is 12:25. Find the value of x.
4.
(a) 5 (b) 15 (c) 20 (d) 25
Two successive discounts of 25% and 28% are equal to a single discount of
5.
_________.
(a) 33% (b) 40% (c) 46% (d) 53%
A certain sum amounts to `4300 in 3 years and to `5100 in 4 years at simple

6.
interest. Find the initial sum.
(a) `1900 (b) `2700 (c) `3100 (d) `3300
9 + 8x + 9 − 8x 3
What will be the value of x, if
7. = ?
9 + 8x − 9 − 8x 2
52 26 53 27
(a) (b) (c) (d)
53 27 56 26
What is the least number that should be subtracted from each of the num-
8.
bers 14, 11, 17 and 13 so that the resulting numbers are in proportion?
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 5 (d) 3
250 men consume 2250 kg of rice in 60 days. In how many days will 150 men
9.
consume 720 kg of rice?
(a) 60 (b) 32 (c) 45 (d) 30

10. If y is mean proportion of x and z, then (x − y)4:(y − z)4 = ________. Space for rough work
(a) x3:y3 (b) x4:y4 (c) x2:y2 (d) x:y
11. X, Y and Z together completed a work and earned `86,000. But X worked
for 3 days, Y for 4 days and Z for 5 days. If their daily wages are in the ratio
6:7:8, then how much amount will be received by X?
(a) `10,000 (b) `28,000
(c) `20,000 (d) `18,000
12. A shopkeeper sells two articles at the same selling price, one at 15% profit
and other 15% loss. What is the overall profit or loss percentage?
(a) 2.25% profit (b) 22.5% loss
(c) 2.25% loss (d) 0%
13. The selling price of 50 articles is equal to cost price of 75 articles. Find profit
or loss percentage.
(a) 50% profit (b) 50% loss
1 1
(c) 33 % profit (d) 33 % loss
3 3
14. In a school, there are 1320 students. The ratio of the number of boys to the
number of girls is 5:6. If the number of boys is increased by 18%, then what
will be the ratio of the number of boys to the number of girls?
(a) 59:69 (b) 69:59 (c) 59:60 (d) 60:59

Column A Column B
.P. = `200;
(i) C (A) Profit% = 20%
S.P. = `250
(ii) C.P. = `200; (B) Profit% = 25%
S.P. = `150
(iii) C.P. = `150; (C) Loss% = 25%
S.P. = `180
(iv) C.P. = `150; (D) Loss% = 20%
S.P. = `120
(a) (i) → (C); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (B)

(b) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
(c) (i) → (D); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (A)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)

Directions for questions 1 to 15: Select the correct answer from the given options.
By selling an article for `49, a shopkeeper earns a profit of 40%. The follow-
1.
ing steps are involved in finding at what price should he sell it to earn a
profit of 50%. Arrange them in a sequential order.
 100 × S.P. 
(a) C.P. =  = `35
 100 + Profit% 
C.P. (100 + Profit %)
(b) S.P. = = `52.5
100
(c) Profit% = 40% and S.P. = `49
(d) Profit% = 50% and C.P. = `35
(a) DACB (b) CDAB
(c) CADB (d) ACBD
If A:B = 2:5 and B:C = 4:3, then find the ratio of A:C.
2.
(a) 2:3 (b) 5:3 (c) 8:15 (d) 16:9
1 1
The ratio of the incomes of P and Q is : . By what percentage is Q’s income
3.
3 4
less than that of P?
2 1
(a) 20% (b) 25% (c) 16 % (d) 33 %
3 3
If the compound ratio of (x + 6):x and 3:7 is 12:7, then what will be the value
4.
of x?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
Two successive discounts of 20% and 25% are equal to a single discount of
5.
_______.
(a) 30% (b) 45% (c) 35% (d) 40%
A certain sum amounts to `4300 in 4 years and to `5200 in 6 years at simple

6.
interest. Find the amount of interest for 3 years.
(a) `1350 (b) `1500 (c) `1225 (d) `1200
7 + 3x + 7 − 3x
Find the value of x, if
7. = 9.
7 + 3x − 7 − 3x
21 41 41 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
41 21 9 3
What is the number that must be added to each of the numbers 5, 2, 12, and
8.
6 so that the resulting numbers will be in proportion?
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 2

30 men working 6 hours per day can complete a work in 24 days. In how
many days, 18 men can complete the same work, working 8 hours per day?
(a) 33 (b) 28 (c) 35 (d) 30
10. If b is the mean proportional of a and c, then (a + b)3:(b + c)3 = _______.

(a) a3:b3 (b) a3:c3
(c) b3:c3 (d) Both (a) and (c)
11. A, B and C completed a work for `90,000. A worked for 6 days, B for 7
days and C for 9 days. If their daily wages are in the ratio 8:6:5, how much
amount will be received by B?
(a) `28,000 (b) `32,000
(c) `30,000 (d) `26,000
12. If a trader sold two articles at `2250 each and gains 9% on the first and loses
9% on the second, then his profit or loss per cent on the whole is _____.
(a) 0.81% loss (b) 0.81% profit
(c) 0% (d) 8.1% loss
13. If the cost price of 125 articles is equal to the selling price of 150 articles, then
the profit or loss percentage is _________.
2
(a) 20% profit (b) 16 % profit
2 3
(c) 16 % loss (d) 20% loss
3
14. In a school, there are 800 students. The ratio of the number of boys to girls
is 2:3. By what percentage of the number of the boys, should the strength of
the boys increase so that the ratio of boys to girls would be 3:2?
(a) 80% (b) 125% (c) 120% (d) 100%

Column A Column B
(i) Sub triplicate ratio of a:b (A) a2:b2
(ii) Duplicate ratio of a:b (B) a: b
(iii) Triplicate ratio of a:b (C) a3:b3
3
(iv) Sub duplicate ratio of a:b (D) a:3 b
(a) (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (B)

(b) (i) → (D); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (A)
(c) (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
(d) (i) → (D); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (B)

Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (e) 14. (a) 15. (c)
Assessment Test II
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (f) 14. (c) 15. (d)
Assessment Test III

1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (b)
Assessment Test IV
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (a) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (d)

Real Numbers, LCM,
and HCF 6
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapter - Real Numbers, LCM and HCF; pp. 1.1–1.22
1. The following steps are involved in finding the number of factors of 360.
(A) The number of factors = (3 + 1) (2 + 1) (1 + 1)
(B) If x = pa × qb × rc (where p, q, and r are distinct primes), then the number
of factors of x = (a + 1) (b + 1) (c + 1).
(C) 360 = 23 × 32 × 51
(D) 4 × 3 × 2 = 24
(a) ABDC (b) BCAD (c) CBDA (d) BACD
2. The units digit of the product 1315 × 1517 × 1719 is _________.

(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 9
3. 2.648 = _________
88 98 211 89
(a) (b) (c) (d)
35 37 99 39
4. The GCD of 145 and 256 is A and the LCM of 144 and 1728 is B. Find the
product of AB.
(a) 5296 (b) 1296 (c) 256 (d) 1728
2 2 3
5. The product of the HCF and the LCM of , , and .
3 5 5
2 2 3 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 3 5 15
6. Find a natural number which leaves a remainder of 7 when divided by 8, 18,
or 28.
(a) 647 (b) 159 (c) 727 (d) 511
7. Find a natural number which leaves remainder 7, 17, and 27 when divided
by 15, 25, and 35, respectively.
(a) 532 (b) 547 (c) 572 (d) 517

6.2 Chapter 6 Real Numbers, LCM, and HCF
The HCF of two numbers A and B is 18 and their LCM is 144. If B > A, then
find the greatest possible value of B.
(a) 72 (b) 144 (c) 288 (d) 432
Which of the following numbers has two pairs of twin primes as their
9.
factors?
(a) 7700 (b) 3080 (c) 5005 (d) 3003
10. 984x6y is a six-digit number, which is a multiple of 9, and x and y are non-
zero digits. Find the minimum value of the product xy.
(a) 2 (b) 6 (c) 8 (d) 14
11. Which of the following is a perfect number?

(a) 27(28 − 1) (b) 25(26 − 1)
(c) 24 (25 − 1) (d) 23(24 − 1)
of Column B.
Column A Column B
12. The number of factors of 48 (a) 12
13. Perfect number (b) 10
14. The units digit of 887 (c) 8
15. The least composite (d) 6
number
(e) 4
(f) 2

The GCD of two numbers is 4 and their LCM is 72. How many pairs of num-
1.
bers exist? Find the sequential order of steps in solving the above problem.
(A) 4x × 4y = 72 × 4
(B) 18 = 1 × 18 or 2 × 9
(C) Let the numbers be 4x, 4y, where x and y are coprimes.
(D) xy = 18
(E) There are two pairs of numbers.
(a) CDEAB (b) CDEAB
(c) CADBE (d) CADEB
The units digit of the sum 415 × 516 + 617 × 718 is_________.
2.
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 2
3. 3.345 = _________
1711 335 1192 1114
(a) (b) (c) (d)
333 111 333 333
The HCF of two numbers P and Q is A, and their LCM is B. Which of the
4.
following is true?
(a) A > B (b) P + Q = A + B
A Q
(c) AP = BQ (d) =
P B
4 6 7
The product of LCM and HCF of
5. , and is _________.
5 7 9
4 3 4 (d) 5
(a) (b) (c)
5 7 15 7
Find a number which leaves a remainder of 6 when divided by 8, 12, or 15.
6.
(a) 54 (b) 78 (c) 102 (d) 126
Find a natural number which leaves remainders 6, 8, and 10 when divided

7.
by 12, 14, and 16, respectively.
(a) 246 (b) 78 (c) 330 (d 336
The HCF of two numbers P and Q (where P < Q) is one of the numbers and
8.
their LCM is 94. If P ≠ 1, then what can be the value of P × Q?
(a) 94 (b) 188 (c) 28 (d) 376

Which of the following is/are false statement(s)?

(A) 17 and 19 are twin primes.
(B) 15 and 13 are coprimes.
(C) 24 is a perfect number.
(D) The least prime number is an even number.
(a) (A) (b) (B)
(c) (C) (d) Both (B) and (C)
10. 2k − 1 (2k − 1) is a perfect number for which of the following values of k?

(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 6 (d) 3
11. If 684m7n is divisible by 11, where m and n are non-zero digits, then find the
maximum value of the product of m and n.
(a) 28 (b) 18 (c) 14 (d) 20
of Column B.
Column A Column B
12. The number of primes (a) 10
between 50 and 100
13. The units digit of 777 (b) 9
14. An odd number but not (c) 8
prime
15. The number of factors of 62 (d) 7
(e) 6
(f) 5
(g) 4

The following steps are involved in finding the HCF of 72 and 96. Arrange
1.
(A) 24
(B) 72 = 22 × 32 ; 96 = 25 × 31
(C) The common prime factors are 2 and 3.
(D) HCF is 23 × 31.
(a) BCAD (b) ABDC (c) BCDA (d) ACDB
2. 0.6 + 0.5 = _________

(a) 1.1 (b) 1.2 (c)
1.3 (d)
1.4
If 5 × 125 =
3. x + 6 , then x = _________.
(a) 324 (b) 361 (c) 625 (d) 684
If the sum of two integers is negative, then which of the following must be
4.
true?
(a) At least one of the integers is positive.
(b) Both are positive.
(c) At least one of the integers is negative.
(d) Both are negative.
Find the sum of the factors of 36.

5.
(a) 90 (b) 91 (c) 96 (d) 97
Find the number of factors of 64.

6.
(a) 5 (b) 6 (c) 7 (d) 8
What will be the LCM of 32 and 48?

7.
(a) 48 (b) 96 (c) 192 (d) 384
The LCM of x and y is a. Then LCM of kx and ky is _________.

8.
k
(a) k (b) a (c) ka (d)
a
Which of the following is a perfect number?

9.
(a) 12 (b) 24 (c) 28 (d) 32

7 7 2 Space for rough work

10. The HCF of , and is _________.
3 9 5
1 1
(a) 45 (b) (c)
90 (d)
45 90
11. The HCF of two numbers is 9 and their sum is 72. What will be the number
of pairs of numbers that satisfy the above condition?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
12. The product of the LCM and the HCF of two numbers is 896 and one of the
numbers is 28, then the other number is _________.
(a) 22 (b) 32 (c) 42 (d) 52
13. Find the greatest four-digit number which leaves remainders of 10, 8, and
12, respectively when divided by 13, 11, and 15.
(a) 8567 (b) 8561 (c) 8568 (d) 8577
14. How many natural numbers less than 1000 have exactly three factors?
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 31 (d) 16
15.
Column A Column B
(Numbers) (Units Digit of
the Number)
(i) 725 (A) 6
(ii) 239 (B) 7
(iii) 6100 (C) 8
(iv) 99 (D) 9
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
(c) (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)

The following steps are involved in finding the HCF of 24 and 36. Arrange
1.
(A) 24 = 23 × 31 and 36 = 22 × 32
(B) HCF = 22 × 31
(C) The common prime factors are 2 and 3.
(D) 12
(a) ACBD (b) ABCD (c) CADB (d) CDAB
2. 2.3 − 0.4 = _________

(a)
1.9 (b)
1.8 (c)
1.7 (d)
1.6
If 6 × 216 = y − 4 , then y = _________.

3.
(a) 1600 (b) 1225 (c) 900 (d) 625
If the product of eleven integers is negative, then which of the following can
4.
be true?
(a) Two integers are positive. (b) Four are positive.
(c) Six are positive. (d) All of these
Find the sum of the factors of 56.

5.
(a) 118 (b) 119 (c) 120 (d) 121
Find the number of factors of 512.

6.
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 10 (d) 11
What will be the LCM of 128 and 142?

7.
(a) 9088 (b) 18176 (c) 4544 (d) 2272
a b
If the HCF of a and b is k, then HCF of
8. and is _________.
k k
m
(a) 1 (b) k (c)
m (d)
k
Which of the following is a perfect number?

9.
(a) 412 (b) 456 (c) 476 (d) 496

5 4 2 Space for rough work

10. The HCF of
, and is _________.
7 11 7
40 1 20 10
(a) (b) (c) (d)
77 77 77 77
11. The HCF of two numbers is 11 and their sum is 209. Find the number of
pairs of numbers that satisfy the above condition.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 9
12. The HCF and the LCM of two numbers are 12 and 72, respectively. If one of
the numbers is 24, then what is the other number?
(a) 26 (b) 36 (c) 16 (d) 14
13. What is the greatest four-digit number, which leaves remainders of 4, 5, and
8 when divided by 7, 8, and 11, respectively?
(a) 9856 (b) 9982 (c) 9859 (d) 9853
14. How many natural numbers between 50 and 500 have odd number of
factors?
(a) 13 (b) 14 (c) 15 (d) 16
15.
Column A Column B
(Numbers) (Units Digit of the Number)
(i) 489 (A) 3
(ii) 536 (B) 4
(iii) (14)18 (C) 5
(iv) (33)89 (D) 6
(a) (i) → (D); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (B)

(b) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
(c) (i) → (D); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (C)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)

Answer Keys 6.9
Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (f) 15. (e)
Assessment Test II
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (d) 14. (b) 15. (g)
Assessment Test III

1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (b)
11. (b) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (a) 15. (b)
Assessment Test IV
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (d) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (d)

Squares and Square
Roots, Cubes and Cube
Roots, and Indices
7
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapters - Squares and Square Roots, Cubes and Cube
Roots; Indices; pp. 2.1–2.19; 3.1–3.8
1. Find the sequential order of steps to find the square root of n by prime fac-
torization method.
(A) The product of these primes is the square root of n.
(B) Express n as the product of prime factors.
(C) Choose one prime from each pair and multiply all such primes.
(D) Pair the factors such that primes in each pair, thus, formed are equal.
(a) ABCD (b) BCAD (c) CDBA (d) BDCA
2. What will be the smallest number by which 10,584 should be divided so that
the quotient is a perfect square?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 14 (d) 6
3. If A is a natural number and it can be expressed as the sum of the first B

consecutive odd natural numbers, then the value of A − B2 is _______.
(a) A (b) 1 (c) B (d) 0
4. 50.41 + 34.81 = _______

(a) 17 (b) 18 (c) 13 (d) 12
5 2 4
5. If x − 8 = x2 + 34 , then what can be the value of x?
8 7
(a) 28 (b) 14 (c) 27 (d) 35
3
6. −4913 + 3 1728 = ________
3 3 3 3
(a) −125 (b) −64 (c) 3185 (d) 27
7. What is the least positive integer that should be subtracted form 3388 so that
difference is a perfect cube?
(a) 8 (b) 25 (c) 13 (d) 23

7.2 Chapter 7 Squares and Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots, and Indices
36 Space for rough work

If 3 x +
8. = 13, then how many integer values of x satisfy the equation?
3
x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
9. x6 × 3 x6 = _______
3 12
(a) x10 (b) (x3) (c) (x3)2 (d) x
10. If (729)x + 3 = (27)5 + x, then find the value of xx.

(a) 1 (b) 0
(c) −1 (d) Undefined
11. Which is the greatest among a = 21458, b = 3972, c = 5729, and d = 6486?
(a) d (b) c (c) b (d) a
Column B.
Column A Column B
1
12. (7x)2 > 435 (a)
2
13. (3x)3 = 729 (b) 1
2
14. 5x = 3 125 (c) 2
15. (7x)2 < 23 (d) 3

Find the sequential order of steps to find the length of a diagonal of the
1.
square plot with area of 6561 sq. m.
(A) Area of the square plot = x2 = 6561 (given)
(B) Length of the diagonal = 2 × x = 81 2 m
(C) Let the side of the square plot be x m.
(D) ∴ Side of the square plot, x = 6561 = 81 m
(a) DCBA (b) BCAD
(c) CADB (d) ABDC
What will be the smallest positive integer by which 2916 should be divided
2.
so that the quotient is a perfect cube?
(a) 3 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 9
Find the maximum number of consecutive positive odd numbers to give a

3.
sum of 3844.
(a) 44 (b) 62 (c) 53 (d) 31
4. 3 4096 − 3 1331 = ________

3 3
(a) 16 (b)
25 (c) 2765 (d) 15
7 2 7
If
5. x − 10 = x2 + 200 , then what can be the value of x?
3 5
(a) 5 (b) 10 (c) 15 (d) 20
3
If
6. −27 + 729 − 3 216 = x, then 32x = _____.
(a) 24 (b) 33 (c) 28 (d) 18
What is the least positive integer that should be added to 4904 so that the
7.
sum is a perfect cube?
(a) 8 (b) 9 (c) 27 (d) 36
42
For a positive integer x, if x +
8. = 289, then which of the following can
be the value of x? x
(a) 9 (b) 4 (c) 49 (d) 36
9. 3 343 × 784 = _______

(a) 7 (b) 14 (c) 21 (d) 28

x −x
 2  5 Space for rough work
10. If  3 −  ⋅  1 +  = (8 ) , then x = ______.
3
 7   14 
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 9
11. Which is the greatest among a = (2401)7, b = (49)15, c = (343)9, and d = 729?
(a) a (b) b (c) c (d) d
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. (8x)3 = (3x)2 (a) 1
13. (125)x = (625)3 (b) 2
14. (216)x = 83 × 39 (c) 3
15. [(14)x]x = 42 × (49)2 (d) 4
(e) 0

Arrange the following steps in sequential order to find the square of 57.
1.
(A) 502 + 72 + 2(50) (7)
(B) (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
(C) (57)2 = (50 + 7)2
(D) 2500 + 49 + 700 = 3249
(a) CDBA (b) CBAD
(c) BCAD (d) BDCA
What will be the positive value of x, when 4(x + 9)2 = 676?

2.
(a) 5 (b) 8 (c) 4 (d) 6
The sum of the cube roots of the perfect cubes 46,656 and 42,875 is ______.
3.
(a) 75 (b) 69 (c) 76 (d) 71
What is the maximum number of digits in the cube of a 3-digit number?

4.
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9
What is the smallest number by which 720 should be multiplied so that the
5.
product is perfect square?
(a) 5 (b) 4 (c) 3 (d) 2
x°
If A = 32p, xo = 80o, and A =
6. × p r2, then find the value of r.
360
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 16 (d) 7
Find the least whole number that should be added to 3965 so that the sum
7.
obtained is a perfect square.
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7
If 87,880 = 23 × 51 × 13x, then what is the value of x?

8.
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
x3
If x = 6y and y = 12z, then find the value of
9. 3 .
144 z2 y
(a) 12 (b) 7 (c) 6 (d) 8
10. Evaluate: ( 4
5+43 )( 4
5−43 )( 5+ 3 )
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5

11.
( pa+ b )6 . ( pb + c )6 . ( pc+ a )6 = __________ Space for rough work
( pa .pb .pc )12

(a) 0 (b) 1 pa + b + c
(c) p (d)
8 8 8 8
 x9  y9  x  11  y  11
12. If   +   = 2, then find the value of   +   .
 y  x  y  x
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 8 (d) 11
13. If (33x − 11) (27y − 9) = 2592 where x and y are non-negative integers, then find
the value of 3x + 2y.
(a) 20 (b) 3 (c) 19 (d) 6
14. If (2401)3x − 5 = (49)3y − 1 = 75x − 6, then find the value of x + y.

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 7
15.
Column A Column B
(i) 4
256 (A) 1
(ii) Unit’s digits of 3 1, 40 , 608 (B) 2
(iii) Unit’s digits of 52, 27 , 229 (C) 3
(iv) 5° (D) 4
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (A)
(c) (i) → (D); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (A)
(d) (i) → (D); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (A)

Find the square root of 729 using division method. Find the sequence of
1.
steps in solving the above problem.
(A) Now, the new divided is 329.
(B) Place a bar over 29 and select the divisor as 2, since 22 < 7.
(C) Subtract 4 from 7.
(D) Double the quotient (2), it is ten’s digit of the divisor.
(E) Write 47 × 7 = 329 under the new dividend and subtract.
(F) The unit’s digit of the new divisor 7.
(a) BCADFE (b) BACDFE
(c) BCADEF (d) BCFDAE
Find the positive value of x, when 9(x − 5)2 = 1296.

2.
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 16 (d) 17
What is the difference of the cube roots of the perfect cubes 17,576 and 4913?
3.
(a) 5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (d) 11
The minimum number of digits in the cube of a 4-digit number is _________.

4.
(a) 9 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 11
The smallest number by which 432 should be multiplied so as to get a per-

5.
fect square is _________.
(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
x
If l = 12p, r = 15 cm, and l =
6. × 2p r, then find the value of x.
360
(a) 120 (b) 144 (c) 150 (d) 132
What is the least whole number that should be added to 4091 so that the
7.
sum obtained is a perfect square?
(a) 3 (b) 12 (c) 5 (d) 9
If 40,824 = 23 × 3x × 71, then the value of x is _________.

8.
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 6
8 x3
If x = 7y and y = 7z, then find the value of
9. 3 .
49 z2 y
(a) 14 (b) 8 (c) 7 (d) 12

10. Evaluate: ( 4
8−45 )( 8+ 5 )( 4
8+45 ) Space for rough work
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 5
11.
( ) .( ) .(
xa + b
8
xb + c
8
)
xc + a
8
= _________
( xa .xb .xc )15
(a) 0 (b) 1 xa + b + c
(c) x (d)
5 5 7 7
 a  12  b  12  a 8  b  10
12. If   +   = 2, then find the value of   −   .
 b  a  b  a
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 10
13. If (210x - 6) × (55y - 5) = 50,000, then find the value of 2x + 5y.

(a) 12 (b) 5 (c) 10 (d) 6
14. If (81)3x − 5 = (9)3y + 2 = 35x − 6, then what is the value of x − y?

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
15.
Column A Column B
(i) 3−5 × 93 (A) 10
(ii) 2−3 × 3−3 × 64 (B) 9
(iii) 4−3 × 9−2 × 363 (C) 6
(iv) 52 × 62 × (30)−1 × 3−1 (D) 3
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (D); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (A)
(c) (i) → (C); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (B)
(d) (i) → (D); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (A)

Answer Keys 7.9
Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (c) 8. (b) 9. (a) 10. (c)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (c) 14. (b) 15. (a)
Assessment Test II
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (a) 9. (b) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (e) 13. (d) 14. (c) 15. (b)
Assessment Test III

1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10 (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (c) 14. (c) 15. (c)
Assessment Test IV
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (b)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b)

Time and Work,
Time and Distance,
and Statistics
8
Reference: Coursebook - IIT Foundation Mathematics Class 8; Chapters - Time and Work; Time and Distance; Statistics;
pp. 10.1–10.9; 11.1–11.13; 14.1–14.14
1. In a pie diagram, a certain component is represented by 60° and the total
value of the components is 2160. Find the sequential order to calculate the
value of the component.
x
(A) × 360° = 60°
2160
Component value
(B) Degree of the component = × 360°
Total value
(C) Let the component value be x.
(D) x = 360
(a) ABCD (b) BCAD
(c) CABD (d) CBAD
2. If 13 men can dig a trench of 26 m long in 18 days, working 8 h a day, then how
many more men should be engaged to dig a similar trench of 30 m long in
6 days, working 6 h a day?
(a) 51 (b) 47 (c) 61 (d) 72
3. A is twice as good a workman as B and C is thrice as good a workman as B. If
A, B and C together can complete a work in 2 days, then in how many days
can A alone complete the work?
(a) 9 (b) 3 (c) 12 (d) 6
4. A and C started doing a work. After working for 6 days, both left and B
alone completed the remaining work in 4 days. In how many days can C
alone complete the work if A and B independently take 12 and 24 days,
respectively, to complete the work?
(a) 36 (b) 18 (c) 20 (d) 30
5. Two pipes can fill a tank in 18 min and 24 min, respectively. Both are opened
simultaneously. After how many minutes should the first pipe be closed so
that the tank becomes full in 16 min?
(a) 6 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) 9

8.2 Chapter 8 Time and Work, Time and Distance, and Statistics
6. The distance between Mumbai and Pune is 192 km. A car started from Space for rough work
Mumbai towards Pune at 32 kmph. Another car started 2 1 h later from
2
Mumbai and reached Pune 1 an hour earlier than the first car. Find the
2
speed of the second car (in kmph).
(a) 64 (b) 68 (c) 72 (d) 76
A person takes 20 h to travel a certain distance. If his speed is increased by
7.
25%, then what time will he take to travel the same distance?
(a) 24 h (b) 16 h (c) 22 h (d) 12 h
In a 500 m race, A beats B by 20 m and 5 s. What is the speed of A?
8.
(a) 4 m/s (b) 25/3 m/s
(c) 25/6 m/s (d) 5 m/s
9. A boat can cover 48 km downstream in 3 h. It can cover a 40 km upstream in
4 h. What is the speed of the boat in still water (in kmph)?
(a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 17 (d) 19
10. If the mode of a distribution is 12 and the mean is 3, then the median is
______.
(a) 8 (b) 36 (c) 4 (d) 6
11. If the arithmetic mean of the following table is 12.95, then what is the value of
p?
x 4 7 9 13 18 20
F 3 10 15 p 12 2p – 4
(a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 14
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. A can do a piece of work in (a) P is faster than Q.
12 days and B can do the same
work in 6 days.
13. 8 men or 12 women can do a piece (b) The working rate of 1 man is
of work in 10 days. equal to the working rate of
2 women.
14. P travels at a speed of 32 km/h and (c) F takes less time to fill the tank
Q travels at a speed of 10 m/s. when compared with E.
15. The pipes D and E together can fill (d) Q is faster than P
the tank in 3 h, whereas the pipes D
and F fill it in 4 h.
(e) The working rate of 2 men is equal
to the working rate of 3 women.


(f) E takes less time to fill the tank
when compared with F.
(g) A is twice as efficient as B.
(h) B is twice as efficient as A.

1. X can do a piece of work in 6 days, whereas Y can do the same work in

8 days. Arrange the following steps in sequential order to find in how many
days X and Y together can do the same work?
(A) One day’s work of X is 1/6 and one day’s work of Y is 1/8.
(B) X can do a piece of work in 6 days and Y can do the same work in 8 days.
3
(C) X and Y together can do the same work in 3 days.
7
7
(D) One day’s work of X and Y = .
24
(a) ABCD (b) BADC
(c) BDAC (d) ABDC
2. If 18 women can manufacture 900 items in 10 days, then how many women
will be required to manufacture 660 items of the same kind in 12 days?
(a) 14 (b) 15 (c) 11 (d) 10
3. A is twice as good a workman as B and working together they finish a work
in 14 days. In how many days can A alone finish the work?
(a) 19 (b) 17 (c) 43 (d) 21
4. R and S can do a work in 10 and 15 days, respectively. They work together
for 5 days and then S leaves. In how many days will the remaining work be
completed?
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 5/3
Pipe A can fill a tank in 12 min and pipe B can empty the tank in 8 min. If
5.
both the pipes are opened when tank is half full, then in how many minutes
will the tank become empty?
(a) 18 (b) 24 (c) 6 (d) 12
At 11:00 am, a thief escapes from a police station running at 30 kmph. At
6.
1:00 pm, police start chasing the thief with a speed of 40 kmph from the police
station. At what time will the police catch the thief?
(a) 5:30 pm (b) 6:00 pm
(c) 7:30 pm (d) 7:00 pm
Travelling at 4/7 of his usual speed, a man gets late by 9 min. What time
7.
does he take when he travels at his usual speed?
(a) 9 min (b) 12 min
(c) 15 min (d) 25 min
8. In a 300 m race, Rohan beats Mohan by 60 m or 15 s. Find Rohan’s speed (in
m/s).
(a) 3.5 (b) 4 (c) 4.5 (d) 5

The speed of a boat moving upstream is 28 kmph and the speed of the boat
moving downstream is 44 kmph. What is the speed of the boat in still water
and the speed of the stream? (in kmph)
(a) 32, 12 (b) 36, 8
(c) 24, 20 (d) 40, 4
10. If the difference between median and mean is 8, then the difference between
mode and median is ______.
(a) 16 (b) 18 (c) 24 (d) 20
11. Find the value of x, if for the given data mean = 10 and Sfi = 22.
X 4 8 9 12 15
F 5 x 2 5 y
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
Column B.
Column A Column B
12. A can do a piece of work in 8 days, (a) Car takes more time when
whereas B can do the same piece of compared with train to cover
work in 10 days. 100 km.
13. 5 men can do a work in 9 days. (b) Train takes more time when
compared with car to cover
50 km.
14. A car covers a certain distance with (c) B is more efficient than A.
a speed of 5 m/s, whereas the train
covers the same distance with a
speed of 20 kmph.
15. The pipes P and Q can fill the tank (d) A is more efficient than B.
in 40 min, whereas Q and R can fill
the tank in 45 min.
(e) 1 man can do the work in
45 days.
(f) 1 man can do the work in
40 days.
(g) R takes more time to fill the tank
when compared with P.
(h) R takes less time to fill when
compared with P.

In a pie diagram, a certain component is represented by 80° and the total

1.
value of all the components is 3240. Arrange the following steps in sequen-
tial order, involved in finding the value of the component.
80° × 3240
(A) x=
360°
(B) x = 20° × 36
(C) Let the value of the component be x.
x
(D) Degree of the component = × 360° = 80°
3240
(a) CDAB (b) CDBA (c) DCAB (d) CADB
P and Q can do a work in 24 days, Q and R in 18 days and P and R in

2.
12 days. In how many days can Q do the work?
(a) 144 (b) 150 (c) 100 (d) 128
A certain number of men can do a work in 12 days working 6 h a day. If the

3.
1
number of men is decreased by , then in how many days can thrice the
4
previous work be completed by the remaining men working 8 h per day?
(a) 32 (b) 36 (c) 24 (d) 40
M and N can do a piece of work in 8 days and 12 days, respectively, and

4.
with the help of P, they complete the work in 3 days and earn `1200. Find
the share of N.
(a) `200 (b) `500 (c) `400 (d) `300
Two pipes X and Y can fill a tank in 3 h and 4 h, respectively, whereas another
5.
pipe Z can empty the tank in 6 h. If all the three pipes are opened at the same
time, then find the time in which the tank can be filled (in hours).
2 2 1 1
(a) 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 2
3 5 2 4
Three men and four women can complete a job in 12 days. 12 men and
6.
4 women can complete it in 4 days. How much time does a woman take to
complete it (in days)?
(a) 144 (b) 120 (c) 98 (d) 84
A boat travels a distance of 25 km upstream in 5 h. If the speed of the boat in

7.
still water is 6 km/h, then find the speed of the current.

(a) 1 km/h (b) 2 km/h Space for rough work

(c) 3 km/h (d) 4 km/h
In 1000 m race, P beats Q by 100 m and Q beats R by 80 m. By how much

8.
distance can P beat R in the race?
(a) 180 m (b) 192 m (c) 172 m (d) 200 m
A train 300 m long crosses a pole in 15 s. Find the time a train takes to cross
9.
a platform of length 180 m (in seconds).
(a) 20 (b) 24 (c) 30 (d) 26
10. Leaving his house and travelling at 6 kmph a person reached his office 12
min late. Had he travelled at 8 kmph, he would have reached 10 min early.
Find the distance from his house to the office.
(a) 9 km (b) 12 km (c) 8.8 km (d) 9.6 km
11. How long will a train 120 m long travelling at a speed of 92 kmph take to
overtake another train 240 m long travelling at a speed of 74 kmph starting
from the same point on parallel tracks in the same direction?
(a) 24 s (b) 36 s (c) 48 s (d) 72 s
12. A bar graph is drawn to the scale of 1 cm = K units. The length of the bar
representing a quantity 720 units is 6 cm. Find the value of K.
(a) 100 (b) 120 (c) 150 (d) 160
13. If the mean of the following data is 6.5, then which of the following is the value
of P?
x 2 3 6 7 P
f 2 4 5 7 4
(a) 12 (b) 8 (c) 10 (d) 9
14. If the mode of a data is 14 and the mean is 17, then find the median of the
data.
(a) 15 (b) 16 (c) 18 (d) 15.5

Column A Column B
(i) 12, 14, 13, 12, 14, 12, 14, 12 (A) Mode is ill-defined.
(ii) 14, 13, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14 (B) Median is 13.
(iii) 11, 12, 13, 14, (C) Mode is 12.
101
(iv) 11, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14, 13, 13 (D) Mean is .
8

(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D) Space for rough work
(b) (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) →(A); (iv) → (D)
(c) (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (D)
(d) (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)

Construct a histogram for the frequency distribution given below:

1.
CI 0–10 10–20 20–30 30–40 40–50

F 3 4 7 9 5
Arrange the following steps in the sequential order, involved in the con-
struction of histogram.
(A) Find a suitable scale on X-axis and Y-axis.
(B) Analyse the data given in the table.
(C) Construct the rectangles with bases along the X-axis and the heights
along the Y-axis.
(D) Represent the class boundaries along the X-axis and frequencies along
the Y-axis.
(a) BCAD (b) BADC
(c) BCDA (d) BDAC
X and Y can do a piece of work in 20 days, Y and Z in 24 days, and X and Z

2.
in 30 days. In how many days can X do the work?
(a) 38 (b) 48 (c) 42 (d) 54
A certain number of men can do a piece of work in 15 days working 9 h a day.

3.
1
If the number of men is increased by , then in how many days can twice the
4
previous work be completed by the total men working 6 h per day?
(a) 30 (b) 32 (c) 36 (d) 40
A and B can do a piece of work in 6 days and 12 days, respectively. With the
4.
help of ‘P’, all the three of them, together can complete the work in 2 days
and earn `2,400. Find the share of ‘P’.
(a) `800 (b) `600 (c) `1,200 (d) `1,000
Two pipes M and N can fill a tank in 20 min and 30 min, respectively, whereas
5.
another pipe ‘P’ can empty the tank in 24 min. If all the three pipes are turned
on at the same time, then find the time in which the empty tank can be filled.
(a) 20 min (b) 18 min
(c) 30 min (d) 24 min
Five men and three women can complete a piece of work in 20 days. Nine
6.
men and 8 women can complete it in 8 days. Find out in how much time a
man can complete it (in days).
(a) 480 (b) 520 (c) 260 (d) 500

A boat travels a distance of 24 km downstream in 3 h. If the speed of the boat

in still water is 5 km/h, then find the speed of the current (in kmph).
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
In a 1000m race, A beats B by 125 m and B beats C by 100 m. By how much

8.
distance can A beat C in the race (in m)?
(a) 212.5 (b) 225 (c) 180.5 (d) 206.5
A train 450 m long crosses a platform of length 150 m in 20 s. Find the time
9.
taken by the train to cross a pole (in seconds).
(a) 15 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 10
10. A person leaves his house and travelling at 8 kmph reaches his office 6 min
early. Had he travelled at 5 kmph, he would have reached 9 min late. Find
the distance from his house to the office.
1
(a) 3 km (b) 5 km
2
1
(c) 4 km (d) 3 km
3
11. How long will a train 160 m long and travelling at a speed of 100 kmph
crosses another train 200 m long, travelling at a speed of 44 kmph in the
opposite direction?
(a) 19 s (b) 12 s (c) 15 s (d) 9 s
12. A bar graph is drawn to the scale of 1 cm = 40 units. Find the length of the
bar representing a quantity of 580 units.
(a) 15.5 cm (b) 12 cm (c) 14.5 cm (d) 18 cm
13. The mean of the following data is 9. Find the value of K.

x 6 7 8 9 10 12
f 10 8 12 10 K 15
(a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 13 (d) 14
14. If the mode of a data is 16 and median is 15, then find the mean of the data.
(a) 14.5 (b) 16 (c) 17 (d) 13.5

Column A Column B
Total distance covered

(i) Speed (A)
Total time taken
(ii) Average speed (B) Sum of the speeds

Answer Keys 8.11
Distance
(iii) R
elative speed (Opposite (C)
Time
direction)
(iv) Relative speed (same direction) (D) Difference of the speeds.
(a) (i) → (A); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (D)

(b) (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (B)
(c) (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (D)
(d) (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (B)
Answer Keys
Assessment Test I
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (a) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (b) 12. (h) 13. (e) 14. (d) 15. (f)
Assessment Test II
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (d) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (e) 14. (a) 15. (g)
Assessment Test III

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (a) 12. (b) 13. (a) 14. (b) 15. (b)
Assessment Test IV
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (a) 9. (a) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (c) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (c)

Hints and Explanation
CHAPTER 1
Geometry and Symmetry
Assessment Test I
R
1. BADCE is the sequential order of steps. ⇒ 90 ° − + 140 ° = 180° [from Eqs (1) and (2)]
2
Hence, the correct option is (c).
R
2. AB = AC and ∠A = 60° ⇒ 230° − 180° =
2
⇒ ∠A = ∠B = ∠C = 60°
R
⇒ ∆ABC is an equilateral triangle. ⇒ 50° =
2
⇒ The medians and altitudes are equal in length. ∴ ∠R = 100°
∴ The length of the altitude = 6 cm Hence, the correct option is (d).
Hence, the correct option is (b).
5. PQRS is a concave quadrilateral.
AC
3. BD = Reflex ∠QRS = 360° − (30° + 95° + 35°)
2
B = 360° − 160°
= 200°
∴ ∠QRS = 360° − 200° = 160°
25°
Hence, the correct option is (a).
C D A
6. In an isosceles trapezium, angles made by a par-
⇒ BD = AD allel side with the non−parallel sides are equal.
∴ In ∆ABD, ∠DBA = ∠DAB = 25° ⇒ ∠C = ∠D
⇒ ∠BDC = 25° + 25° = 50°
But ∴ ∠A + ∠D = 180°
180 ° − 50 °
BD = CD ⇒ ∠CBD =
2 D C
∠CBD = 65°
Hence, the correct option is (d). 57°
P Q R A B
4. + + = 90°
2 2 2
∠D = 180 − 57 = 123°
P Q  R
⇒ + = 90° −   (1) ∠C = ∠D = 123°
2 2  2
∴ ∠C + ∠D = 246°
P Q
⇒ + + ∠POQ = 180° (2) Hence, the correct option is (c).
2 2
M01_IIT-FOUNDATION_XXXX_CH01_HINTS.indd 1 4/11/2018 3:27:51 PM

A.2 Chapter 1 Geometry and Symmetry
7. 11. Join AF
S R A
30° 80°
F
O
B
40°
P Q 70°
E 30° C
PS = SQ (given) D
⇒ SPQ = ∠PQS = 40° AFDB is a cyclic quadrilateral.

⇒ PSQ = 180° − 40° − 40° = 100° ∠BDF = 70° (given)
⇒ SQR = 100° PS = SQ = QR ⇒ ∠FAB = 180 − 70° = 110°
∴ ∠SPQ = ∠SRQ = 40° ∠FCE = ∠FAE = 30°
∴ ∠SQR − ∠QRS ⇒ ∠EAB = 110° − 30° = 80°
= 100° − 40° = 60°
Hence, the correct option is (a). 12. Option (a): Incentre always lies inside the
triangle.
∠MNK + ∠NKL = 180° ⇒ ∠NKL = 80°
8.
13. Option (d): Excentre always lies outside the
N M
100° triangle.
14. Option (b): Orthocentre can be the vertex of the

80°
L
triangle.
K
In an isosceles trapezium, the angles made by 15. Option (c): Circumcentre lies on the hypotenuse.
a parallel side with the non−parallel side are
equal. Assessment Test II
⇒ ∠NKL = ∠KLM = 80° CABED is the sequential order of steps.
1.
∴ Supplement of ∠KLM = 100° Hence, the correct option is (d).
Hence, the correct option is (d).
The centroid and the orthocentre of a triangle
2.
Angle in a semicircle is 90°.
9. coincide with an equilateral triangle.
∴ The triangle is right angled triangle. P
10. ∠OCB = ∠OBC = 20° G
A
Q T R
O
2
20° 20°
∴ PG = (PT )
B C 3
2
= × 9 = 6 cm
⇒ BOC = 180° − (20° + 20°) = 140° 3
140°
∠BAC = = 70°
2 PS = SR and ∠PRS = 55°
3.
Hence, the correct option is (d). ⇒ ∠SPR = ∠PRS = 55°

Hints and Explanation A.3
P ⇒ ∠N = ∠M and ∠K = ∠L
55° And ∠N + ∠K = 180°
110°
⇒ ∠M + ∠K = 180°
55°
Q S R
⇒ ∠LMN = 180° − 70° = 110°
⇒ ∠QSP = 55° + 55° = 110°
180° − 110° 7.
In ∆QPS, ∠QPS = ∠SQP =
2
T P M
= 35°
∴ ∠SQP = 35°
4.
Z S Q R
I SR = TM
SR TM
100 =
X Y
2 2
⇒ MR = PM
∠X + ∠Y + ∠Z = 180
Draw PQ parallel to MR. PQRM is a
∠X ∠Y ∠Z rhombus.
⇒ + + = 90
2 2 2
∠SRM = 108° (given)
∠Z
⇒ 80° + = 90° 108°
2 ⇒ ∠QRP = ∠PRM = = 54°
2
∠Z ⇒ ∠QPR = 54°
⇒ = 10°
2 In ∆SQP, ∠SQP = 108° = ∠SRM
⇒ ∠Z = 20°
∴ ∠XZY = 20° 180° − 108° 72°
SQ = QP ⇒ ∠SPQ = = = 36°
Hence, the correct option is (b). 2 2
∴ ∠SPR = 54° + 36° = 90°
In quadrilateral ADBC,
5.
∠A + ∠B + ∠C + ∠D = 360°
⇒ 30° + 40° + x + 360° − y = 360° 8.
⇒ 70° + x − y = 0° S R
∴ y − x = 70° 65° 50°
50°
65°
Given ∠NKL = 70°
6. 65° 65° 50°
Q
N M P T
∴ ∠SRQ cannot be determined.

K L
Circumcentre lies outside only for an obtuse−
9.
In an isosceles trapezium, angles made by a
angled triangle.
parallel side with the non−parallel sides are
equal. Hence, the correct option is (b).

10. Given, ∠LCD = (3x)°

D
∠PDC = (2x + 50)°
⇒ 3x + (2x + 50)° = 180°
O ∴
( LM  PQ, ∠LCD and ∠PDC are
F
E supplementary)
⇒5x + 50° = 180°
∠DEF = 70° ⇒ ∠DOF = 140°
⇒5x = 130°
180 − 140
⇒ ∠DFO = = 20° ⇒x = 26°
2
Hence, the correct option is (a). Hence, the correct option is (a).
11. 3.
E
A
C
40 O
20
x
B D
A
C
Join BO ⇒ ∠BOD = 2 × ∠BAD 40°

y D
⇒ ∠BOD = 2 × 40 = 80°
80° 2x
⇒ ∠BOC = ∠COD = = 40° E
2
∠ABE = ∠ADE = 20° (∴ angles in the same
segment)
B
∴ ∠COD + ∠ABE = 40° + 20° = 60°
Given, AB CD
12. Option (c): Circumcentre
Clearly, x = 40° (alternate angles)
13. Option (b): Orthocentre
∴ 40° + y + 2 (40°) = 180°(∠AEB is a straight
14. Option (d): Centroid angle.)
15. Option (a): Incentre y + 120° = 180°
y = 60°
Assessment Test III Hence, the correct option is (c).
DCAB is the required sequential order.
1.
Given, n = 12
4.
n(n − 3)
∴The number of diagonals =
2. 2
12(12 − 3)
L
C
M
= = 54
2
(3x)°
Given n = 1947.
5.
(2x + 50)°
P Q Sum of the interior angles = (2n − 4) 90°
D
= [2(1947) − 4] 90° = 350, 100°
B Hence, the correct option is (a).

6. 9.
A 80° 70°
B

Given, APB = 70° and ∠PAQ = 80°
All the given letters are point symmetric.
7. Clearly, ∆APQ is an isosceles triangle.
Hence, the correct option is (d). ⇒ ∠PAQ + ∠AQP + ∠QPA = 180°
∴
⇒ 80° + ∠AQP + ∠AQP = 180° ( ∠AQP = ∠QPA)
8. ⇒ 2 ∠AQP = 100°
⇒ ∠AQP = 50°
A ∴ ∠BPQ = ∠BPA − ∠APQ
16
B
∠BPQ = 70° − 50°
25 K ∠BPQ = 20°
O
17 ∴
⇒ ∠PQB = 20° ( ∆BPQ is an isosceles triangle.)
D In ∆BPQ, ∠PBQ + ∠BQP + ∠QPB = 180°
8
8 L
C ∠PBQ + 20° + 20° = 180°
∠PBQ = 140°
Given OD = 17 cm and CD = AB = 16 cm
Alternatively:
Let ‘L’ be the midpoint of CD. We know that In DAPB and DAQB,
the perpendicular bisectors of a chord of a
AP = AQ (radii)
circle pass through the centre of the circle.
BP = BQ (radii)
∴ OL ⊥ CD AB = AB (common side)
In ∆OLD, OD2 = OL2 + LD2 ⇒DAPB ≅ ∆AQB
172 = OL2 + 82 ⇒∠AQB = ∠APB = 70°
Now, ∠PBQ = 360° − (80° + 70° + 70°)
OL2 = 225
= 360 ° − 220° = 140°
OL2 = 15 cm Hence, the correct option is (c).
In ∆OLA, OK2 = OL2 + LK2
10.
252 = 152 + LK2 B
60°
⇒LK2 = 400 E
⇒LK = 20 cm
D
∴ KD = LK − LD = 20 − 8 x° y°
100°
y° x°
KD = 12 cm
Hence, the correct option is (b). A C

Given, ∠ABC = 60° and ∠ADC = 100° 12.

Let ∠BAE = ∠ECD = x° and ∠EAD = ∠ECB = y° D C
∴ Reflex ∠ADC = 360° − 100° = 260° x° y° + 40°
∴ ∠BAD + Reflex ∠ADC + ∠DCB + ∠CBA

= 360°
(x° + y°) + 260° + (x° + y°) + 60° = 360° x° − 20°
2 (x° + y°) = 40°
A B
x° + y° = 20°
Given, ABCD is a parallelogram.
∴ ∠EAD + Reflex ∠ADC + ∠DCE + ∠CEA =
360° ∠A + ∠D = 180°
⇒ y°+ 260°+ x° + ∠AEC = 360° x° + (x° − 20°) = 180°
⇒ ∠AEC = 360° − 260° − 20° 2x° = 200°
⇒ ∠AEC = 80° ⇒x° = 100°
Alternatively: And ∠A° = ∠C°

y° + 40° = x − 20°
180° − 60° − 2(x° + y°)(1)
y° = 40°
180° −∠AEC − (x° + y°)(2)
∴ x° = 100°; y° = 40°
= 180° − ∠DAC + ∠DCA
180° − 100° = 80°(3)
From Eqs (1) and (3), x° + y° = 20° 13.
B
From Eqs (2) and (3), ∠AEC = 180° − 80° − 20°
= 80°
A D
11.
B
100°
C
E C
A 160°
We have ∠BAC = 60° and ∠EAD = 90°
O ⇒∠DAC = 45° and ∠ABD = 30°
80° Now, ∠ADB = 180° − ∠BAD − ∠ABD
= 180° − (60° − 45°) − 30°
Given, ∠AOC = 160° Reflex ∠AOC = 360° = 135°
− 160° = 200° Hence, the correct option is (b).
We have, reflex ∠AOC = 2 ∠ABC ⇒ 200° = 2 14. The measure of each exterior angle of a regular
∠ABC polygon must be a factor of 360°.
⇒∠ABC = 100° However, 16 is not a factor of 360.
Hence, the correct option is (d). Hence, the correct option is (d).

15. (i) → (D), (ii) → (A), (iii) → (C), (iv) → (B) ∴ y = 3 (10°)
Hence, the correct option is (d). y = 30°
Assessment Test IV
Given, n = 21
4.
The required sequential order is BDAC.
1. n(n − 3)
∴ The number of diagonals =
2
21(21 − 3) 21(18)
2. = = = 189
2 2
M
(4x − 60)°
Sum of the interior angles = (2n − 4) 90°
5.
A B
E ⇒ (2n − 4) 90° = 362, 340°
⇒ 2n − 4 = 4026
⇒ 2n = 4030
F ⇒ n = 2015
C D
(2x + 20)°
A parallelogram is not line symmetric.
6.
N
Given, ∠MEA = (4x − 60)°
Options (a) and (b) are line symmetric. How-
7.
and ∠DFN = (2x + 20)°
ever, ‘R’ is not line symmetric.
⇒ (4x − 60)° = (2x + 20)°
(∴Alternate exterior angles)
⇒ 4x − 2x = 20° + 60° 8.
⇒ 2x = 80° P 24 M
24 Q
24
⇒x = 40° K
O 50
S
R
3.
F Given, PQ = RS = 48 cm
C
y 2 QK = PQ ⇒ QK = 24 and OK = 50 cm
E 3x Let ‘M’ be the midpoint on PQ.
120° ⇒ OM ⊥ PQ
In ∆OMK, OK2 = OM2 + MK2
3x
502 = OM2 + 482
B
⇒ OM2 = 196
A ⇒ OM = 14 cm
In ∆OMQ, OQ2 = OM2 + MQ2
Given, AB CD
⇒ OQ2 = 142 + 242
y = 3x (Alternate angles)
⇒ OQ2 = 196 + 576
We have ∴ 3x +y + 120° = 180°
⇒ OQ2 = 772
3x + 3x = 60°
6x = 60° ∴ OQ = 2 193
x = 10° Hence, the correct option is (c).

9. ∴ ∠MLO + reflex ∠LON + ∠ONM + ∠NML

= 360°
L x° + 240° + y° + ∠LMN = 360°
⇒ ∠LMN = 360° − 240° − 30°
X Y ∠LMN = 90°
Alternatively:
M 180° − [∠LMN + 2(x° + y°)](1)
= 180° − (120° + x° + y°)(2)
Given, ∠XLM = 30° and ∠YLM = 45° =180° − 150° = 30°(3)
∆XLM and ∆YLM are isosceles triangle. From Eqs (2) and (3), x° + y° = 30°.
(XL = XM and LY = MY) From Eqs (1) and (3), ∠LMN = 180° − 2(30°)
∠XML = ∠XLM = 30° and ∠YML = ∠YLM − 30° = 90°.
= 45° Hence, the correct option is (a).
∴ ∠XMY = ∠XML + ∠YML = 30° + 45° = 75° Note:
Alternatively: In the given conditions, difference between
∆ XLY ∆XMY (By SSS congruency) ∠M and ∠O is the same as the difference
between ∠O and ∠P
⇒∠XLY = ∠XMY = ∠XLM + ∠YLM
i.e., 150° − 120° = 120° − ∠M
⇒∠XMY = 30° + 45° = 75°
Hence, the correct option is (a). ⇒∠M = 90°
10. 11.
M
R
P
O
O
120°
P
y°
x° 150°
y° x°
Q
L N Given, ∠OPQ = 30° and ∠ORQ = 40°

Join OQ.
Given, ∠MLO = ∠ONP, ∠MNO = ∠OLP ∴
∠OPQ = ∠OQP = 30° ( OP = OQ)
∠LON = 120° and ∠LPN = 150° ∴
∠OQR = ∠ORQ = 40° ( OQ = OR)
Let ∠MLO = ∠ONP = x°
∠POR = 180° − 2(30°) = 120°
∠MNO = ∠OLP = y°
∠QOR = 180° − 2(40°) = 100°
Reflex ∠LPN = 360° − 150° = 210°
∴ Reflex ∠POR = ∠POR + ∠QOR = 120° + 100°
∴∠ OLP + Reflex ∠LPN + ∠PNO + ∠NOL = 360°
= 220°
y°+ 210° + x° + 120° = 360°
x° + y° = 360° − 210° − 120°
x° + y° = 30° 12. Given, PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ RS
Reflex ∠LON = 360° − 120° = 240° and PS = QR.

∴PQRS is an isosceles trapezium. 13. We have AD = AE.

S R ∠DAE = 90° + 60° = 150°
180° − 150°
x° − 30° y° + 40° ⇒∠ADE = ∠AED = = 15°
2
x° + 20°
14. The measure of each exterior angle of a regular
polygon must be a factor of 360°.
P Q ∴ Option (c) follows.
∴x° − 30° + x° + 20° = 180° Hence, the correct option is (c).
⇒ 2x° = 190° ⇒ x° = 95°
15. (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (B)
and y° + 40° = x° − 30°
y° = 95° − 30° − 40°
∴ y° = 25

A.10 Chapter 2 Linear Equations and Inequations
CHAPTER 2
Linear Equations and Inequations
Assessment Test I
The following are the steps involved in solving
1. ⇒ 6 = −x + 7 ⇒ x = 1
the simultaneous linear equations 3x + 5y = 11
and 2x + 3y = 7 by elimination method:
(C) 3x + 5y = 11 be the Eq. (1) and 2x + 3y = 7 3 x 4  9x 7  2 3x 
5. +  −  − 1 = 1+ 
be the Eq. (2). 
2 7 4 8  7  8
(D) Multiply Eq. (1) by 2 and Eq. (2) by 3. 3 x 4  18 x − 7  2  8 + 3x 
+   −1 =  
(B) Subtract Eq. (2) × 3 from Eq. (1) × 2. 2 7 8  7 8 
(A) We get y = 22 − 21 = 1. 3 x 72 x − 28 16 + 6 x
+ −1 =
(E) Substitute y = 1 in Eq. (1) and we get x = 2. 2 56 56
\ CDBAE is the sequential order of steps. 84 x + 72 x − 28 − 56 16 + 6 x
=
Hence, the correct option is (c). 56 56
156x − 84 = 16 + 6x
2x + 3y = 8
2. (1) 156x − 6x = 16 + 84
6x + ky = 24 (2) 150x = 100
Equations (1) and (2) have infinite solutions. 10 2
2 3 8 x= =
\ = = 15 3
6 k 24 Hence, the correct option is (c).
1 3
= ⇒ k = 9. 3 x − 8 3 x + 10
3 k 6. <
2 5
15x − 40 < 6x + 20
201x + 102y = 504
3. 9x < 60
102x + 201y = 405 60
x<
9
− −
6
99x − 99y = 99 x<6
9
99 (x − y) = 99 x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
x − y = 1 Hence, the correct option is (d).
3 5 2
7. − = (1)
3x − 2 7 8x + 1 1 x y 3
4. + = −
2 8 6 8 4 3 5
+ = (2)
7 1 8x + 1 3x − 2 x y 2
+ = −
8 8 6 2 1 1
Let = a and = b
x y
8 8 x + 1 − (9 x − 6 )
= Eqs (1) and (2) changes as
8 6
−x + 7 2
1= 3a − 5b = (3)
6 3

5 \ B’s salary is `6000.

4a + 3b = (4)
2 Hence, the correct option is (c).
1 1 11. Let the number of `5 coins be x.
Solving Eqs (3) and (4), we get a = and b = .
2 6
1 1 ∴ The number of `2 coins = 2x
\ =a= ⇒x=2
x 2 and the number of `1 coins = 3x
1 1 Given 5 × x + 2 × 2x + 1 × 3x = 60
=b= ⇒y=6
y 6 12x = 60 ⇒ x = 5
x+y=8 ∴ The number of `1 coins = 3x
Hence, the correct option is (b). = 3 × 5 = 15
Let the unit’s digit be x and the ten’s digit be y.
8. Hence, the correct option is (a).
x+y=x+2⇒y=2 12. Option (e): (5, 4); 3(5) − 4(4) + 1 = 16 − 16 = 0
Number formed by reversing the digits is 10x + y 8 7 15
and the original number is 10y + x. 13. Option (d): (2, 2); + =
2 2 2
10x + y = 10y + x + 7x 2
14. Option (f): (9, 1); × 9 − 5 × 1 = 6 − 5 = 1
10x + y − 8x − 10y = 0 3
2x − 9y = 0 3
2x − 9 × 2 = 0 15. Option (c): (3, 2); 4 × 3 − × 2 = 12 − 3 = 9
2
2x = 18 ⇒ x = 9
Assessment Test II
Product of the digits xy = 9 × 2 = 18
Hence, the correct option is (b). The following are the steps involved in solving
1.
the linear equations 3x + y = 17 and 5x - 3y = 19
Let the number of questions answered correctly
9.
by substitution method:
be x and that of those answered wrongly be y.
(C) 3x + y = 17 be the Eq. (1) and 5x − 3y = 19
x + y = 60 (1) be the Eq. (2)
 −1 y (A) Find the value of y in terms of x form Eq.
2x +   y = 80 ⇒ 2 x − = 80
 2 2 (1) i.e., y = 17 - 3x
4x − y = 160 (2) (B) Substitute the value of y in Eq. (2), i.e.,
Eq. (1) × 4 – Eq. (2) 5x - 3(17 − 3x) = 19
4x + 4y = 240 (D) We get the value of x, i.e., 14x = 19 + 51
4x − y = 160 ⇒x=5
− + (E) Substituting the value of x, we get the
5y = 80 value of y, i.e., y = 17 - 15 = 2
y = 16 \ CABDE is the sequential order of steps.
\ Number of questions answered wrongly = 16 Hence, the correct option is (c).
Hence, the correct option is (b). 5x − 10y = 8
2.
10. Let A’s salary = x and B’s salary = y 7x − ky = 10 have no solution.
3 5 5 −10 8
Given x + y = 16,000 and x − y = 2000 = ≠
4 3 7 −k 10
⇒ 9x + 20y = 192,000 and x − y = 2000
k = 14
Solving the above equations, we get x = 8000
and y = 6000. Hence, the correct option is (d).

212x + 111y = 535

3. 6 9 15
+ = (2)
111x + 212y = 434 x y 2
− − −
1 1
101x − 101y = 101 Let = a and = b
x y
x−y=1 5a + 7b = 6 (3)
Hence, the correct option is (b). 15
6a + 9b = (4)
2x  x 7 4 5 2
4. + 3  −  + 1 = ( x − 1) + Solving Eqs (3) and (4), we get
5  2 3 5 2
2x 3x 4x 4 5 1 1
+ = − + a = and b =
5 2−7 +1 5 5 2 2 2
2 x 4 x 3 x −4 5 1 1
− + = + +6 \x= = 2; y = = 2
5 5 2 5 2 a b
4 x − 8 x + 15 x −8 + 25 + 60 \x+y=2+2=4
=
10 10 Hence, the correct option is (a).
11x = 77
Let the two-digit number be xy.
8.
⇒x=7
Sum of digits, x + y = 8 (1)
Its numerical value is 10x + y.
4+x 7 3−x 5 Number formed by interchanging the digits
5. + = +
3 4 2 4 is yx.
16 + 4 x + 21 6 − 2 x + 5 Its numerical value is 10y + x.
=
12 4
10x + y + 18 = 10y + x ⇒ 9y - 9x = 18
4 x + 37 11 − 2 x
= y - x = 2 (2)
12 4
Solving Eqs (1) and (2), we get
4x + 37 = 33 − 6x
x = 3 and y = 5
10x = −4
∴ The number is 35.
x = −2/5
5 Let the number of questions attempted cor-
9.
6. 4x − ≤ x + 7
2 rectly be x and the number of questions
5 attempted wrongly be y.
4x − x ≤ 7 +  1
2 Given x + y = 48 and x(1) − y   = 21
14 + 5  2
3x ≤ 2x − y
2 ⇒ = 21
2
19
3x ≤ 2x − y = 42
2
Solving x + y = 48 and 2x − y = 42, we get x = 30
19
x≤ and y = 18.
6
\ Number of questions attempted correctly = 30.
1
x≤3 Hence, the correct option is (b).
6
Non-negative integer values of x are 0, 1, 2, and 3. 10. Let A’s salary be x and B’s salary be y.
Hence, the correct option is (a). 2 7
Given x + y = 9000 and x + y = 6000 (1)
5 7 3 3
7. + = 6 (1)
x y 2x + 7y = 27,000 (2)

Solving Eqs (1) and (2), we get x = 3000 and ⇒x+y=2

y = 3000. Hence, the correct option is (b).
\ Their difference of salaries is x − y = 3000
− 3000 = 0. 4 9
Given,
3. =
5y − 8 11
Hence, the correct option is (b). 5y −
2
11. Let the number of `2 coins be x. ⇒ 20 y − 22 = 45y − 72
3x
The number of `5 coins = and ⇒ 50 = 25 y
2
⇒y=2
x
The number of `1 coins = Hence, the correct option is (d).
2
3x x Given, 2 (3x − 5) + 6 (x − 7) = 7 (x + 5) − 15
4.
Given 5 × + 2 × x + 1 × = 100
2 2 ⇒ 6x − 10 + 6x − 42 = 7x + 35 − 15
15x + 4x + x = 200 ⇒ 20x = 200 ⇒ 12x − 7x = 20 + 52
⇒ x = 10 ⇒ 5x = 72
3 x 3 × 10
∴ Number of `5 coins = = = 15 ⇒ x = 14.4
2 2
3x + y = 10
5. (1)
1 1
12. Options (d): − >0 ⇒ <0 ⇒ x − 3 x − 2y = 1 (2)
x−3 x−3
6x + 2y = 20 → (1) × 2
⇒x<3
x − 2y = 1 → (2)
15 7x = 21
13. Options (c): < 5 ⇒ 15 < 5x − 5 ⇒ 5x > 20
x −1 (1) × 2 + (2):
⇒x>4 x=3
14. Options (a): 8x − 8 > 5x − 2 ⇒ 3x > 6 ⇒ x > 2 Substituting x = 3 in Eq. (1), we get
15. Options (b): 6x + 6 < 7x + 5 ⇒ x > 1 3 (3) + y = 10 ⇒ y = 1
∴ 3x − 2y + 5z = 17
Assessment Test III ⇒ 3 (3) − 2 (1) + 5z = 17
9 − 2 + 5z = 17
1.
the problem: 5z =17 − 7 ⇒ 5z = 10 ⇒ z = 2
(B) Multiply 4x − 3y = 5 by 2 and 5x + 2y = 12 Hence, the correct option is (a).
by 3. 3x − 5 ≤ 5x − 9
6.
(A) (4x − 3y) × 2 = 5 × 2 ⇒ 8x − 6y = 10 3x − 5 + 9 ≤ 5x
(5x + 2y) × 3 = 12 × 3 ⇒ 15x + 6y = 36. ⇒ 4 ≤ 5x − 3x
(C) 8x − 6y = 10 should be added to 15x + 6y = 36. ∴ 4 ≤ 2x
(D) Substitute the value of x in 4x − 3y = 5, ⇒2≤x
then find the value of y. ∴x≥2
∴ BACD is the required sequential order. Hence, the correct option is (a).
5x
5x + 2y = 13
2. 7. <1
5x + 7
2x + 5y = 1
5x
7x + 7y = 14 ⇒ −1<0
5x + 7

5x − (5x + 7 ) 3 −2 ( k − 1)
⇒ <0 ≠
5x + 7 5 −3
−7 3 2k − 2
⇒ <0 ≠
5x + 7 5 3
⇒ 5x + 7 > 0 9 ≠ 10k − 10
−7 ⇒ 10k ≠ 19
⇒x>
5
Hence, the correct option is (d). 19
k≠
10
x + 7 > − 3 + 7x
8.
x − 7x > − 3 − 7
− 6x > − 10 11. Let the number of correctly answered and that
6x < 10 of wrongly answered questions be x and y,
respectively.
10
x<
6 x + y = 100 (1)
5 1
x< x− y = 61 (2)
3 2
Hence, the correct option is (a). y
Eq. (1) – Eq. (2): y + = 39
Let the present ages of the person and his son
9. 2
be x and y, respectively. 3y
⇒ = 39
x − y = 28 (1) 2
x + 10 3 ⇒ y = 26
=
y + 10 1 ∴ x + 26 = 100 [from Eq. (1)]
x + 10 3 ⇒ x = 74
=
y + 10 1 Hence, the correct option is (c).
⇒ x + 10 = 3y + 30 12. y ≤ x + 2
x − 3y = 20 (2)
(0, 0); ⇒ 0 ≤ 0 + 2 (True)
Eq. (1) – Eq. (2)
(1, 5); ⇒ 5 ≤ 1 + 2 (False)
x − y = 28
x − 3y = 20 (4, 2); ⇒ 2 ≤ 4 + 2 (True)
(−) (+) (−) (6, 3); ⇒ 3 ≤ 6 + 2 (True)
2y = 8 Hence, the correct option is (b).
⇒y=4 a1 b1 c1
Since x − y = 28, x − 4 = 28 13. If = ≠ , then a1x + b1 y + c1 = 0 and
a2 b2 c2
x = 32 a2x + b2 y + c2 = 0 have no solution.
The sum of their present ages = 32 + 4 = 36
a1 2 b1 3 a b
Hence, the correct option is (b). Option (a): = ; = ⇒ 1 ≠ 1
a2 3 b2 −2 a2 b2
10. The system of equations 3x − 2 (k − 1) y = 20 and
(unique solution)
5x − 3y = 25 is consistent.
a b a b c a1 5 1 b1 −2 1
⇒ 1 ≠ 1 or 1 = 1 = 1 Option (b): = = ; = = ;
a2 b2 a2 b2 c2 a2 10 2 b2 −4 2
a1 c1 c1 9 1
As ≠ , = =
a2 c2 c2 18 2

a1 b2 c1 5(x − 2) + 7(x − 4) = 4(x + 5) − 14

4.
⇒ = = (infinite solutions)
a2 b2 c2 ⇒ 5x − 10 + 7x − 28 = 4x + 20 − 14
a1 b c ⇒ 12x − 4x = 6 + 38
8 4 7
Option (c): == 2; 1 = = 2; 1 = ⇒ 8x = 44
a2 4 b2 2 c2 3
a1 b1 c1 ⇒ x = 5.5
= ≠ (no solution) Hence, the correct option is (d).
a2 b2 c2
a1 3 b1 5 4x + 5y = 2
5. (1)
Option (d): =
, =
a2 8 b2 6 3x − 2y = 13 (2)
a1 b1 7x + 6y + 3z = 12 (3)
≠ (unique solution)
a2 b2 Eq. (1) × 2 + Eq. (2) × 5
Hence, the correct option is (c). 8x + 10y = 4 → (1) × 2
14. (0, 0) satisfies 2x + 3y = 7y. Hence, 2x + 3y = 7y 15x − 10y = 65 → (2) × 5
passes through origin. (1) × 2 + (2) × 5: 23x = 69
Hence, the correct option is (c). ⇒x=3
Substituting x = 3 in Eq. (2), we get
15. (i) → (C); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (A)
9 − 2y = 13
−2y = 4
Assessment Test IV y = −2
Substitute the values of x and y in Eq. (3).
1.
7 (3) + 6 (−2) + 3z = 12
the above problem:
21 − 12 + 3z = 12
(B) x + 3y = 14 ⇒ x = 14 - 3y
3z = 3
(A) Substitute the value of x in terms of y in
the equation 3x - 2y = 9. z=1
(D) 3(14 - 3y) − 2y = 9 Hence, the correct option is (a).
(C) -11y = -33 ⇒ y = 3 2x + 7 ≤ 4x − 9
6.
(E) x = 14 - 3(3) = 5 2x + 7 + 9 ≤ 4x
∴ BADCE is the required sequential order. 2x + 16 ≤ 4x
Hence, the correct option is (d). ⇒ 16 ≤ 2x
4x + 3y = 17
2. ⇒8≤x⇒x≥8
3x + 4y = 18 Hence, the correct option is (c).
5x
(−) (−) (−) 7. <5
4+x
x − y = −1
5x
Hence, the correct option is (a). −5<0
4+x
3 7 5x − 5 ( 4 + x )
Given,
3. =
4 x − 5 2x + 3 <0
4+x
⇒ 6x + 9 = 28x − 35 5 x − 20 − 5 x
⇒ 44 = 22x ⇒ <0
4+x
⇒x=2 −20
Hence, the correct option is (a). ⇒ <0
4+x

⇒4+x>0 x + y = 120 (1)

⇒ x > −4 2x − y = 81 (2)
Hence, the correct option is (c). Adding Eqs (1) and (2), we get
3x − 5 ≤ 5x − 8
8. 3x = 201
x = 67
3x − 5x ≤ −8 + 5
∴ 67 + y = 120
− x ≤ −3
y = 53 [from Eq. (1)]
2x ≥ 3
3
x≥
2 12. x − 2y > 5
Hence, the correct option is (b). (1, 1); ⇒ 1 − 2 > 5 (False)
Let the present ages of the person and his
9. (3, 2); ⇒ 3 − 2 (2) = −1 > 5 (False)
daughter be x and y, respectively. (4, −1); ⇒ 4 − 2 (−1) = 6 > 5 (True)
x + y = 42 (1) (3, −1); ⇒ 3 − 2 (−1) = 5 > 5 (False)
x+6 7 ∴ The point (4 − 1) lies on x − 2y > 5.
After 6 years, =
y+6 2 Hence, the correct option is (c).
⇒ 2x + 12 = 7y + 42
a1 2 1 b1 3 1 c1 7 1
2x − 7y = 30 (2) 13. Options (a): = = ; = = ; = =
a2 4 2 b2 6 2 c2 14 2
Eq. (1) × 7 + Eq. (2),
7x + 7y = 294 a1 b1 c1
⇒ = = (Infinite solutions)
2x − 7y = 30 a2 b2 c2
9x = 324 a1 12 b 6 c 5
Options (b): = = 2; 1 = = 2; 1 = =2
⇒ x = 36. a2 6 b2 3 c2 2.5
From Eq. (1) ⇒ 36 + y = 42 a1 b1 c1
= = (Infinite solutions)
y=6 a2 b2 c2
∴ Difference of their present ages = 36 − 6 = 30 a1 b1 c1 7
Options (c): = 1, = 1, =
years a2 b2 c2 15
Hence, the correct option is (d). a1 b1 c1
= ≠ (No solution)
10. The system of equations 5x − 2ky = 40 and a2 b2 c2
3x − 4y = 24 is consistent. a1 3 b1 2 −1
Options (d): = , = =
a1 5 b1 −2k k c1 40 5 a2 5 b2 −4 2
= , = = , = =
a2 3 b2 −4 2 c2 24 3 a1 b1
≠
(Unique solution)
a c1 a2 b2
⇒ 1 =
a2 c2 Hence, the correct option is (d).
a1 b1 c1 14. x + 4 = 2y
⇒ = =
a2 b2 c2
x − 2y + 4 = 0
k 5 10 0 − 0 + 4 = 0 (False)
∴ = ⇒k=
2 3 3 x + 4 = 2y does not pass through the origin.
11. Let the number of questions answered correctly 15. (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (D)
be x and that of questions answered wrongly
be y. Hence, the correct option is (b).

CHAPTER 3
Mensuration
Assessment Test I
BACD is the required sequential order.
1. 264 = 2p r
Hence, the correct option is (c). 264 × 7
r=
2 × 22
b = 10 cm, a = 8 cm
2. r = 42 cm
b ∴Area of the circle = p r2
A= 4 a2 − b2
4 22
10 = × 42 × 42 = 5544 sq. cm
= 4(8)2 − 102 7
4
10
= × 156 6.
4
0
5
= × 2 39 = 5 39 sq.cm
2 120°
r
d2
Area of a square =
3. A B
2
=
(32 × 7 × 24.5)2
l=
120°
×2×
22
× r = 924 cm
2 360° 7
924 × 3 × 7
34 × 72 × 29 ⇒r=
= = 34 × 72 × 28 2 × 22
2
\ r = 21 × 21 = 441 cm
Inner dimensions of the box are 28 cm × 16 cm
4.
× 12 cm. p r2 = 154 sq. cm
7.
Number of cakes of soaps is maximum. 7
r2 = 154 ×
\ Number of cakes of soaps along length = 22
r = 7 cm
28
=7 CSA = 2p rh = 440
4
Number of cakes of soaps along breadth = 22
2× × 7 × h = 440
 16  7
  = 2 h = 10 cm
8
12 ∴ Volume of the cylinder, v = p r2h
Number of cakes of soaps along height =
6 = 154 × 10 = 1540 cm3
=2
\ Total number of cakes of soaps = 7 × 2 × 2 Hence, the correct option is (c).
= 28 4
Volume of a sphere (v) = p r3
8.
Hence, the correct option is (c). 3
4 22 3
× × r = 38,808 cm3
Perimeter of a parallelogram.
5. 3 7
= 2(65 + 67) = 264 cm 38 , 808 × 3 × 7
r3 = ⇒ r = 21
Circumference of the circle 4 × 22

A.18 Chapter 3 Mensuration
∴ Surface area of the sphere 2.

22 C
4p r2 = 4 × × (21)2
7
= 4 × 22 × 3 × 21 = 88 × 63 = 5544 sq. cm 13
13
9.
12 12
4 cm 4 cm A D B
4 cm 4 cm
4 cm
Let ABC be the triangle in which AC = BC = 13 cm.
Let CD ⊥ AB.
4 cm ⇒ ∆CDB is a right triangle and BC is the
hypotenuse
∴ T.S.A. of a cuboid = 2 (lb + bh + hl) BD = 132 − 52 = 12 cm
= 2 (16 × 4 + 4 × 4 + 4 × 16) AB = 2(BD) = 24 cm
= 2 × 16 (4 + 1 + 4) 24 × 5
\ Area = = 60 cm2
= 32 × 9 = 288 sq. cm 2
Hence, the correct option is (d). Hence, the correct option is (c).
10. CSA = 2p r2 = 416 3. Area of a square = 24 × 36 × 510 sq. cm

⇒ p r2 = 208 Side of the square = 22 × 33 × 55 cm
⇒ TSA = 3p r2 = 624 sq. cm \ Diagonal of the square = 2 × 22 × 33 × 55
Hence, the correct option is (c). Hence, the correct option is (c).
11. Let the length the breadth and the height of the 4. Radius of each small lead ball = 2 cm
cuboid be l, b, and h, respectively. 4
(lb) (lh) (bh) = 576 ×p × 8 × 8 × 8
The required number of balls = 3
i.e., (lbh)2 = 242 4
∴ ×p × 2 × 2 × 2
\ lbh = 24 ( lbh > 0) 3
= 64
12. (c): Area of the ring = pR2 − p r2
= p(R + r) (R − r) p r2 = 2p r
5.
lr Rr r=2
13. (e): Area of the sector = =
2 2 ∴ Circumference of the circle = 2p r = 4p cm
14. (a): CSA of a cone = p rl
= p rR = pRr
x°
Length of the arc, l =
6. × 2p r = 22
15. (b): CSA of a cylinder = 2p rh 360
= 2pRr x° 22
⇒ ×2× × 12 = 22
360 7
Assessment Test II x 22
× = 22
BAECD is the required sequential order
1. 15 7
Hence, the correct option is (b). ⇒ x = 105°

\ The required angle of the sector = 360° − 12. (b): Volume of a cylinder = p r2h
3(105°) = 45° = pR2 × (2r) = 2pR3
13. (a): Volume of a cone = p r2h
3
CSA of a cylinder = 2p rh
7. 1
22 = pR 3R = pR
2 3
=2× × 2016 × 20 3
7 4
14. (c): Volume of a sphere = p r3
= 44 × 288 × 20 3
3
= 253440 sq. cm 4 3 
= p  R
Hence, the correct option is (a). 3 2 
4 27 R3
Total surface area of a sphere = 4p r2 = 5544
8. = p×
3 8
22
4× × r2 = 5544 9
7 = pR3
2
7 × 9 × 88 × 7
r2 = ⇒ r = 21 2 3
4 × 22 15. (e): Volume of a hemisphere = pr
4 3
Volume of the sphere = pr3 2
3 = p (3R)3
4 22 3
= × × 21 × 21 × 21
3 7 2
= 88 × 441 = 38808 cm3 = ×p 27R3 = 18pR3
3
Edge of new cube formed = 3(5) = 15 cm

9.
Assessment Test III
∴LSA = 4(15)2 = 900 sq. cm BDAC is the required sequential order.
1.
Given, perimeter of a regular hexagon (6a) =

2.
36 cm
a = 6 cm
Area of a regular hexagon =
Hence, the correct option is (c). 3 3 3
× (6 )
2
6× × a2 =
10. Given, p r2 = 670 sq. cm 4 2
TSA of solid hemisphere = 3p r2 = 3 × 670 sq. cm = 54 3 sq. cm
= 2010 sq. cm Hence, the correct option is (b).
Hence, the correct option is (a). Let ‘h’ be the hypotenuse of a right isosceles
3.
11. Let the length, breadth, and the height of the triangle.
h2
cuboid be l, b, and h, respectively. The surface Given, area of a right isosceles triangle =
4
areas of three of its adjacent faces are lh, bh, = 54 sq. cm
and lb.
⇒ h2 = 54 × 4
(lb) (bh) (lh) = 3600
⇒h= 9×6×4
(lbh)2 = 602
∴ ⇒ h = 6 6 cm
\ lbh = 60 ( lbh > 0)

Given, angle of the sector (q )= 84°

4. A
Circumference of the circle = 2p r = 330 cm 42
120°
22 0
⇒ 2× × r = 330
7 B 14 C
15 × 7
r= cm.
2 ⇒ From the figure, AO2 = AC2 − OC2
q ⇒ AO2 = (42)2 − (14)2
Area of the sector = × p r2
360° ⇒ AO2 = (14)2 [32 − 1]
84° 22 15 × 7 15 × 7 ⇒ AO2 = (14)2 (8)
= × × ×
360° 7 2 2
⇒ AO = 14 × 2 2
8085
= = 2021.25 sq. cm \ AO = 28 2 cm
4
Hence, the correct option is (a). Hence, the correct option is (b).
1 Height of the cylinder = 14 cm
9.
Given that the area of a trapezium = × h( a + b)
5.
2 Diameter of the base of the cylinder = 60 cm
= 49 sq. cm
∴ Volume of the cylinder = p r2h
1
⇒ × 7( 4 + b) = 49 ⇒ b = 14 − 4 = 10 cm 22  6 
2
2 = ×   × 14 = 22 × 9 × 2
Hence, the correct option is (c). 7  2
= 396 cm3
Side of the base (a) = 60 cm, height (h) = 1.95 m
6.
= 195 cm
Total length of the edges = 2 (perimeter of 10.
base) + The number of sides of the base ×
D Q C
height
= 2(3a) + 3 × h = 3(2a + h)
= 3(2 × 60 + 195) = 3(120 + 195) 60°
30°
= 3 × 315 cm = 945 cm = 9.45 m A P B
14 ∠QAB = 30°
Inner radius (r) =
7. = 7 cm
2 ∠DAQ = 60°
Outer radius (R) = 7 + 7 = 14 cm In ∆ADQ, AQ2 = DA2 + DQ2
Outer surface area of a hemispherical shell 142 = 72 + DQ2
= 2p R2 + 2p r2(p R2 − p r2) ⇒ DQ2 = 147
= 3p R2 + p r2 = p (3R2 + r2) ⇒ DQ = 7 3 cm
= p [3(14)2 + 72] = p (72)[3(2)2 + 1] Required area = Area of the sector AQB + Area
= 49p [13] ∴ = 637p of ∆ADQ − Area of the sector ADP
Hence, the correct option is (b). 30° 1 90°
= × p × (14)2 + × 7 × 7 3 − × p × (7 )2
q 360 2 360
8. × 2p r = 2pR
360° 196p 49 3 49p
(Length of the arc of a sector = Perimeter of = + −
12 2 4
the base of the cone)
120 49 22 49 3
× 2p × 42 = 2p R, R = 14 cm = × +
360 12 7 2

=
7
6
(
11 + 21 3 cm2 )
w
11. No change in the total surface area. = lb − (l −2w) (b − 2w)

Hence, the correct option is (d). = 20 × 16 − (20 − 2 × 1.8) (16 − 2 × 1.8)
12. = 320 − (20 − 3.6) (16 − 3.6)
= 320 − (16.4) (12.4)
B C = 320 − 203.36
6 cm = 116.64 sq. cm
60°
15. (i) Area of a rhombus
A P D
8 cm 1 1 d2
d1 d2 = dd =
2 2 2
Draw BP perpendicular to AD. (ii) Area of a rectangle = l × b = d × d = d2
Sides opposite to 30°, 60°, and 90° are in the (iii) Area of a trapezium
ratio = 1 : 3 : 2 1 1 3 d2
= h( a + b) = d(d + 2d) =
Side opposite to 90° is 6 cm. 2 2 2
(iv) Area of a quadrilateral
3
⇒ Side opposite to 60° is × 6 cm = 3 3 cm. 1
2 = d( h1 + h2 )
2
∴ Area of the parallelogram = 8 × 3 × 3 1  d 3 d2
= dd +  =
= 24 3 sq. cm 2  2 4
Hence, the correct option is (c). (a) Area of the square = d2
(b) Area of the square whose diagonal is d.
13.
d2
=
2
(c) Area of a parallelogram = bh
a a=5
d 3 d2
= 3d × =
4 4
1
b=6 (d) Area of a triangle = bh
2
Area of an isosceles triangle 1 3 d2
= × 3d × d =
b 2 2
= 4 a2 − b2 (i) → (B); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (D); (iv) → (C)
4
6
4 ( 5) − 62
2
=
4
Assessment Test IV
6 6
= 100 − 36 = × 8 = 12 sq. cm
4 4 BADEC is the required sequential order.
1.
Hence, the correct option is (c). Hence, the correct option is (b).
14. Area of the path = Area of outer rectangle − Let ‘a’ be the side a hexagon.
2.
Area of inner rectangle. Given, a = 12 cm

3 2 12a = 8.64 m
Area of a regular hexagon = 6 × ×a 3a = 2.16 m
4
3 ∴ Perimeter of the base = 2.16 m
= 6× × 12 × 12 Hence, the correct option is (b).
4
= 216 3 sq. cm Outer diameter (2R) = 16.4 cm
7.
Hence, the correct option is (d). Thickness = 1.2 cm
Let h be the hypotenuse of a right isosceles
3. Inner diameter (2r) = 16.4 − 2 × 1.2
triangle. = 16.4 − 2.4
We know that area of a right isosceles triangle 2r = 14 cm
14
h2 ∴ Inner radius (r) = = 7 cm
= . 2
4 Inner surface area of a hemispherical shell =
(13 2 )
2
2p r2
169 × 2
= = = 84.5 sq. cm 22
× (7 )
2
4 4 = 2×
7
= 44 × 7 = 308 sq. cm
Given, area of a sector = 770 sq. cm
4. Hence, the correct option is (c).
q 2
⇒ × p r2 = 770 Curved surface area of the cone formed = Area
8.
360 3
72° 22 2 of the circle.
⇒ × × r = 770 2
360° 7 p rl = × p × ( 21)
2
70 × 5 × 7 3
⇒ r2 = 2
2 r(21) = × 21 × 21
3
7×5×2×5×7
⇒ r2 = ⇒ r = 35 cm \ r = 14 cm
2
Circumference of the circle = 2p r Hence, the correct option is (c).
22
= 2× × 35 = 220 cm Given, volume of a cylinder = p r2h and height
9.
7 of the cylinder (h) = 2r.
p r2h = 2156
a + b = 32 cm
5. 22 2
× r × 2r = 2156
Area of the trapezium = 128 sq. cm 7
1 7
⇒ h( a + b) = 128 r3 = 2156 ×
2 44
1 128 r3 = 73
× h(32) = 128 ⇒ h = ⇒ r = 7 cm
2 16
h = 8 cm ∴Height = 14 cm
Hence, the correct option is (b). Hence, the correct option is (a).
Total length of the edges = 2(3a) + 3 × h

6. 10. Area of the shaded region
= 3(2a + h), where ‘a’ is the side of the base = Area of the square − Area of the sector DAB
90° 22
and h is the height.
( ) ( )
2 2
= 7 3 − × × 7 3
h 360° 7
Given that, a = ⇒ h = 2a
2 1 231
⇒ 3(2a + 2a) = 8.64 m = 49 × 3 − × 22 × 7 × 3 = 147 −
4 2

= 147 − 115.5 = 31.5 sq. cm bh = 96

Hence, the correct option is (a). where b and h are the base and corresponding
altitude of the triangle.
11. Total surface area of each cube = 6 sq. cm
Since bh = 96, only b = 12, h = 8 satisfies the
⇒ Edge of each cube = 1 cm condition.
Length of the cuboid formed = 3 cm 2
 12 
Breadth and height are 1 cm each. The equal side of the triangle is 82 +   =
 2
Total surface are of the cube 10 cm.
= 2(lb + bh + hl) ∴ Perimeter of the triangle = 10 + 10 + 12 = 32 cm
= 2(3 × 1 + 1 × 1 + 1 × 3) Another Method:
= 2(3 + 1 + 3) = 14 sq. cm Let the sides of the triangle be b, b − 2, and
Hence, the correct option is (b). b − 2.
∴Perimeter = 3b − 4, where b is a positive
12. integer.
S R \ Option (a) follows, since 32 + 4 is divisible
by 3.
10 cm
30°
14.
P T Q 2m
Draw ST perpendicular to PQ. 75 m

Side opposite to 90° is 10 cm.
60 m
Hence the side opposite to 30° is 5 cm. 2m 2m
∴ ST = 5 cm
Area of the parallelogram = PQ × ST = 55 3 2m
⇒ PQ × 5 = 55 3
Perimeter of the outer edge of the path
\ PQ = 11 3 cm2
= 2[(l + 2w) + (b + 2w)]
= 2[(75 + 2 × 2) + (60 + 2 × 2)]
13. = 2[79 + 64]
= 2[143] = 286 m
b−2 b−2
h 15. (i) Perimeter of an isosceles triangle
=b+a+a
b = b + 2a
(ii) Perimeter of a rectangle
Since the perimeter is an integer and the dif- = 2(l + b)
ference of ‘a’ and ‘b’ is an integer, all its sides
= 2(a + 2b)
are integers.
= 2a + 4b
Also, area is an integer, and altitude drawn on
to the base is also an integer. (iii) Perimeter of a parallelogram
1 = 2(2a) + 2(b)
∴ × b × h = 48
2 = 4a + 2b

(iv) Perimeter of isosceles trapezium (C) Perimeter of a hexagon

= a + 2a + b + b b b a a a a
= + + + + +
= 3a + 2b 2 2 2 2 2 2
= b + 2a
(A) Perimeter of the quadrilateral
(D) Perimeter of a scalene triangle whose
= a + 2a + b + b sides are 2a, 3b,and b is 2a + 3b + b.
= 3a + 2b = 2a + 4b
(B) Perimeter of the pentagon (i) → (C); (ii) → (D); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (A)
= a + b + 2a + a + b Hence, the correct option is (c).
= 4a + 2b

CHAPTER 4
Polynomials and Their
LCM and HCF
Assessment Test I
BCAD is the required sequential order.
1. 3 x2 − 1
Hence, the correct option is (d). )
2 x − 1 6 x3 − 3 x2 − 2 x + 1
(16x2 + 40xy + 25y2) − (4x2 − 4xy + y2)

2. 6 x3 − 3 x2
− 2x + 1
= (4x + 5y)2 − (2x − y)2
− 2x + 1
= (4x + 5y + 2x − y) (4x + 5y − 2x + y)
+ −
= (6x + 4y) (2x + 6y)
= 2(3x + 2y) (2) (x + 3y) 0
= 4(3x + 2y) (x + 3y) ∴ Q = 3x2 − 1

Hence, the correct option is (a). B + Q = 2x − 1 + 3x2 − 1
= 3x2 + 2x − 2
Let f(x) = 42x (x − 1)2 (x − 3)2
g(x) = 14x2 (x2 − 1) (x − 3)
6. ( a − b )( a − b)
2 2 2
f(x) = 2 × 3 × 7 × x (x − 1)2 (x − 3)2 ( a + b)3

g(x) = 2 × 7 × x2 (x + 1) (x − 1)(x − 3) ( a + b)( a − b)( a − b)2
LCM = 2 × 3 × 7 × x2(x + 1) (x − 1)2 (x − 3)2 =
( a + b)( a + b)2
= 42x2 (x2 − 1) (x − 1) (x − 3)2 ( a − b)3
=
Hence, the correct option is (d). ( a + b)2
Given x2 + y2 + xy = 50, x + y = 7
4. ( x + y )( x2 + xy + y2 )
7.
x2 + y2 + xy +xy = 50 + xy x3 − y 3
x2 + y2 + 2xy = 50 + xy ( x + y )( x2 + xy + y2 ) x + y
= =
(x + y)2 = 50 + xy ( x − y )( x2 + xy + y2 ) x − y
(7)2 = 50 + xy Hence, the correct option is (a).
Let f(x) = 3x2 + 13x + k
8.
49 − 50 = xy
(x + 4) is a factor.
∴ xy = −1 3x + 1
x2 + y2 + xy = 50 )
x + 4 3 x2 + 13 x + k
x2 + y2 − 1 = 50 3 x2 ± 12 x
x2 + y2 = 51 x+k
x2 + y2 51 x+4
∴ = = −3
17 xy 17 × ( −1) − −
A = 6x3 − 3x2 − 1
5. ⇒k=4
B = 2x − 1 Hence, the correct option is (d).

A.26 Chapter 4 Polynomials and Their LCM and HCF
f(x) = (x − 3) (x2 + x + m)
9. 12. Option (e): 4x4 − 6x3 + 3x + 5 is a biquadratic
g(x) = (x − 2) (x2 + x + n) polynomial.
HCF of f(x) and g(x) is (x − 3) (x − 2). 13. Option (b): x2 − 9x − 6 is a quadratic polynomial.
\ (x − 3), (x − 2) should be factors of f(x) and 2 5
g(x). 14. Option (d): x + is a linear polynomial.
3 2
For f(x), clearly, (x − 3) is a factor. 15. Option (c): 92 − 72 is a constant polynomial or a
∴(x2 + x + m) should have (x − 2) as one of its zero degree polynomial.
factor.
x+3 Assessment Test II
)
x − 2 x2 + x + m
BCA is the required sequential order.
1.
x2 − 2 x
+
3x + m 9x4 + 16 + 20x2
2.
3x − 6 = (3x2)2 + 20x2 + 16
− + = (3x2)2 + 2(3x2) (4) + (4)2 − 4x2
0 = (3x2 + 4)2 − (2x)2
= (3x2 + 4 + 2x) (3x2 + 4 − 2x)
⇒ m = −6
= (3x2 + 2x + 4) (3x2 − 2x + 4)
For g(x), clearly (x − 2) is a factor.
\ (x − 3) should be a factor of x2 + x + m.
Let f(x) = 24x2 (x + 2)2 (x2 − 1)
3.
x+4
)
x − 3 x2 + x + n g(x) = 18x(x2 − 4) (x + 1)
x2 − 3 x f(x) = 23 × 31 × x2(x + 2)2 (x + 1) (x − 1)
− + g(x) = 21 × 32 x(x + 2) (x − 2) (x + 1)
LCM = 23 × 32 × x2 (x + 2)2 (x + 1) (x − 1) (x − 2)
4x + n
= 72x2 (x + 2)2 (x2 − 1) (x − 2)
4 x − 12
− +
0 x2 + y2 − xy = 21, x + y = 6 (given)
4.
x2 + y2 − xy + 3xy = 21 + 3xy
⇒ n = −12 x2 + y2 + 2xy = 21 + 3xy
m + n = −6 + (−12) = −18 (x + y)2 = 21 + 3xy
Hence, the correct option is (c). (6)2 = 21 + 3xy
10. Degree of f(x) = 3 36 − 21 = 3xy
Degree of g(x) = 4 15 = 3xy
\ Degree of [f(x) + g(x)] is 4. \ xy = 5
Hence, the correct option is (b). \ x2 + y2 − xy = 21
⇒ x2 + y2 = 21 + xy
11. (3x2 + 2x) (9x4 − 6x3 + 4x2) = 21 + 5 = 26
= 27x6 − 18x5 + 12x4 + 18x5 − 12x4 + 8x3 13 xy 13 × 5
\ = = 5/2
= 27x6 + 8x3 = (x3) (27x3 + 8) x +y
2 2
26
Hence, the correct option is (b). Hence, the correct option is (b).

P = x3 − 7x + 6
5. ⇒ k = 15.
R = x2 − 3x + 2 Hence, the correct option is (c).
x+3
)
x2 − 3 x + 2 x3 + 0 x2 − 7 x + 6 f(x) = (x + 3) (x2 − 4x + p)
9.
x3 − 3 x2 + 2 x g(x) = (x − 3) (x2 + x + q)
− + − HCF = x2 − 9 = (x + 3)(x − 3)
HCF should be the factor of f(x) and g(x).
3 x2 − 9 x + 6
\ (x + 3) and (x − 3) are the factors of f(x) and g(x).
3 x2 − 9 x + 6
Clearly, (x + 3) is a factor of f(x).
− + −
\ (x − 3) should be the factor of x2 − 4x + p.
0
x −1
Q=x+3 )
x − 3 x2 − 4 x + p
⇒ P + Q = x3 − 7x + 6 + x + 3 x2 − 3 x
= x3 − 6x + 9 − +
Hence, the correct option is (c). −x−p
−x+3
6. ( x − y )( x + y )
3 3
+ −
( x2 − y 2 )
0
( x − y )( x2 + xy + y2 )( x + y )
=
( x + y )( x − y ) ⇒p=3
Clearly, x − 3 is a factor of g(x).
= x2 + xy + y2
\ (x + 3) should be the factor of x2 + x + q.
x−2
7. ( x + y ) + ( x − y )
2 2
)
x + 3 x2 + x + q
( x + y ) − ( x − y )2
2
x2 + 3 x
2( x2 + y2 ) − −
=
4 xy − 2x + q
x2 + y 2 − 2x − 6
=
2 xy + +
x y 0
= +
2 y 2x
⇒ q = −6
Hence, the correct option is (a). \ p − q = 3 − (−6) = 9
If (x + 3) is a factor of x2 − 2x – k.
x−5 10. Degree of p(x) = 2
)
x + 3 x2 − 2 x + k
Degree of q(x) = 3
x2 + 3 x
Degree of p(x) × q(x)
− −
= degree of p(x) + degree of q(x)
− 5x − k
=2+3=5
− 5 x − 15
+ +
11. (4x2 − 1) (16x4 + 4x2 + 1)
0
= (4x2 − 1) [(4x2) + 4x2 · 1 + 12]

= (4x2)3 − 13 = 64x6 − 1 (x + 4) (3x + 1) = (Ax + B) (Cx + D)

Hence, the correct option is (a). ⇒ A = 1, B = 4, C = 3, and D = 1
AC + BD = 1 × 3 + 4 × 1 = 7
12. Option (b): 3 x2 + 7 x − 1 is a polynomial in one
variable.
Shortcut:
1
13. Option (c): x + is not a polynomial. By comparing like terms, AC = 3 and BD = 4
x
14. Option (a): 100x° = 100 is a constant polynomial. ⇒ AC + BD = 3 + 4 = 7
15. Option (d): ax2 + bx + c abc + ab + bc + ac + a + b + c = 692

6.
(abc + bc) + (ab + b) + (ac + c) + (a + 1) = 693
where a = b = c = 0
bc(a + 1) + b(a + 1) + c(a + 1) + (a + 1) = 7 × 9 × 11
Therefore, it is a zero polynomial.
(a + 1) (bc + b + c + 1) = 7 × 9 × 11
Assessment Test III (a + 1) (b + 1) (c + 1) = 7 × 9 × 11
= (6 + 1) (8 + 1) (10 + 1)
BDACE is the required sequential order.
1.
∴ a + b + c = 6 + 8 + 10 = 24
1
x− =4
2.
x 5x2 + 12x + 7
7.
2
 1 = 5x2 + 5x + 7x + 7
 x −  =4
2
x = 5x(x + 1) + 7(x + 1)
 1 1 = (x + 1)(5x + 7)
x2 − 2x   + = 16
 x x2 ∴ (5x2 + 12x + 7) ÷ (5x + 7)
1 (5 x + 7 )( x + 1)
x2 + = 16 + 2 = =x+1
x2 (5x + 7 )
1 Hence, the correct option is (d).
\ x2 + = 18
x2 x6 + 64y6 = (x2)3 + (4y2)3
8.
= (x2 + 4y2) (x4 − 4x2y2 + 16y4)
We know that (a − b)
3. (a2 + ab + b2) = a3 − b3 On comparing with (Ax2 + By2) (Cx4 + Dx2y2 +
\(2x − 3y) + 6xy +
(4x2 9y2) Ey4)
= (2x) − (3y) = 8x3 − 27y3
3 3 A = 1, B = 4, C = 1, D = −4, and E = 16
Hence, the correct option is (a). ∴ A + B + C + D + E = 1 + 4 + 1 − 4 + 16 = 18
x2 − 3x − 28 = (x − A) (x − B)
4.
x2 − 7x + 4x − 28 = (x − A) (x − B) a2 + b2 − c2 − 2ab
9.
x(x − 7) + 4 (x − 7) = (x − A) (x − B) = a2+ b2 − 2ab − c2
(x − 7) (x + 4) = (x − A) (x − B) ⇒ A = 7 and = (a − b)2 − c2
B = −4 = (a − b + c) (a − b − c)
\A+B=7−4=3 Hence, the correct option is (d).
10. (x + m)2 = (x + m) (x + m)
3x2
5. + 13x + 4 = (Ax + B) (Cx + D) x2 − m2 = (x + m) (x − m)
3x2 + 12x + 1x + 4 = (Ax + B) (Cx + D) \ LCM = (x + m)2 (x − m) or (x2 − m2)(x + m)
3x(x + 4) + 1(x + 4) = (Ax + B) (Cx + D) Hence, the correct option is (d).

11. (x2 − 1)2 = (x − 1)2 (x + 1)2 ⇒n=−4

x − 1 = (x − 1) ∴ m + n = − 3 + (− 4) = − 7
x2 − 1 = (x + 1) (x − 1) Hence, the correct option is (c).
∴ HCF = (x − 1)
15. (i) 2x2 + x − 6
= 2x2 + 4x − 3x − 6
12. 6x2 − 7x + 2 = 2x (x + 2) − 3(x + 2) = (x + 2) (2x − 3)
= 6x2 − 4x − 3x + 2 (ii) 2x2 − x − 6
= 2x(3x − 2) − 1(3x − 2) = 2x2 − 4x + 3x − 6
= (3x − 2) (2x − 1) = 2x (x − 2) + 3 (x − 2) = (x − 2) (2x + 3)
4x2 − 1 = (2x − 1) (2x + 1) (iii) 3x2 + 11x + 6
∴ HCF = 2x − 1 = 3x2 + 9x + 2x + 6
Hence, the correct option is (b). = 3x(x + 3) + 2 (x + 3) = (x + 3) (3x + 2)
(iv) 3x2 − 11x + 6
13. Let f(x) = (x + 1) (x − 2)2 (x + 3)2
= 3x2 − 9x − 2x + 6
g(x) = (x + 1) (x − 2) (x + 3)3
= 3x (x − 3) − 2(x − 3) = (x − 3) (3x − 2)
LCM = (x + 1) (x − 2)2 (x + 3)3.
14. f(x) = (x − 4) (3x2 − 8x + m) and Assessment Test IV

g(x) = (x − 3) (4x2 − 15x + n)
BADCE is the required sequential order.
1.
HCF of f(x) and g(x) is (x − 4) (x − 3).
⇒ (x − 3) must be a factor of 3x2 − 8x + m.
2
3x + 1 1  1
x+
2. =6⇒  x +  =6
2
)
x − 3 3 x2 − 8 x + m x x
2
3 x2 − 9 x  1  1
x2 + 2(x)   +   = 36
( −) (+ )  x  x
x+m x2 + 2 +
1
= 36
x−m x2
− (+ ) 1
x2 + = 36 − 2
∴ m+3 = 0 x2
1
⇒m=−3 x2 + = 34
x2
⇒ (x − 4) should be a factor for 4x2 − 15x + n. Hence, the correct option is (a).
4x + 1
)
x − 4 4 x2 − 15 x + n (4x + 3y) (16x2 − 12xy + 9y2)
3.
4 x2 − 16 x = (4x + 3y) ((4x)2 − (4x) (3y) + (3y)2)
∴
( −) (+ ) [ (a + b) (a2 − ab + b2) = a3 + b3] = (4x)3 + (3y)3
x+m = 64x3 + 27y3
x−4 Hence, the correct option is (d).
− (+ ) x2 + 3x + 2 = (x − A) (x − B)
4.
n+ 4 = 0 x2 + 2x + 1x + 2 = (x − A) (x − B)

x(x + 2) + 1(x + 2) = (x − A) (x − B) = (x + y)2 − z2

(x + 2) (x + 1) = (x − A) (x − B) = (x + y + z) (x + y − z).
⇒ A = −2 and B = −1 Hence, the correct option is (c).
A + B = − 2 + (−1) = −3
10. (x − n)2 = (x − n) (x − n)
x2 + n2 = (x2 + n2)
6x2 + 11x − 10 = (Px + Q) (Ax + B)
5. ∴ LCM = (x − n)2 (x2 + n2)
6x2 + 15x − 4x − 10 = (Px + Q) (Ax + B) Hence, the correct option is (c).
3x (2x + 5) − 2(2x + 5) = (Px + Q) (Ax + B)
(2x + 5) (3x − 2) = (Px + Q) (Ax + B) 11. (x + 1)2 = (x + 1)2
⇒ P = 2, Q = 5, A = 3, and B = −2 x2 − 1 = (x + 1) (x − 1)
AP + BQ = 3(2) + (−2) (5) = 6 − 10 = −4 x + 1 = (x + 1)
Shortcut: ∴ HCF = (x + 1)
On comparing like terms, we get Hence, the correct option is (a).
AP = 6 and BQ = −10
12. x2 − 9 = (x + 3) (x − 3)
∴ AP + BQ = 6 + (−10) = −4
x2 − 6x + 9 = (x − 3)2
∴ HCF = (x − 3)
xyz + xy + yz + zx + x + y + z = 959
⇒ (xyz + yz) + (xy + y) + (zx + z) + (x + 1) = 960
⇒ yz(x + 1) + y(x + 1) + z(x + 1) + (x + 1) = 960 13. Let f(x) = (x + 2)2 (x − 2)(x2 − 1)
⇒ (x +1) [yz + y + z + 1] = 960 g(x) = (x − 2)2 (x + 2) (x + 1)
⇒ (x + 1) (y + 1) (z + 1) = 8 × 10 × 12 ∴ LCM = (x − 2)2 (x + 2)2 (x2 − 1)
= (7 + 1) (9 + 1) (11 + 1) Hence, the correct option is (d).
⇒ xyz = 7(9) (11) = 693
14. f(x) = (x − 2) (2x2 + 7x + P)
g(x) = (x + 2) (2x2 − 7x + Q)
6x2 + x − 15 = 6x2 + 10x − 9x − 15
7.
∴ HCF is x2 − 4 = (x + 2) (x − 2).
= 2x(3x + 5) − 3(3x + 5)
= (3x + 5) (2x − 3) ⇒ x + 2 should be a factor of (2x2 + 7x + P).
6 x2 + x − 15 (3 x + 5)(2 x − 3) 2x + 3
∴
3x + 5
=
(3 x + 5)
= 2x − 3
)
x + 2 2 x2 + 7 x + p
Hence, the correct option is (a). 2 x2 + 4 x
( −) ( −)
a6 − 729b6 = (a2)3 − (9b2)3
8.
= (a2 − 9b2)(a4 + 9a2b2 + 81b4) on comparing 3x + p
with 3x + 6
(Pa2 + QB2) (Ra4 + Sa2b2 + Tb4) ( −) ( −)
P = 1, Q = − 9, R = 1, S = 9, and T = 81 p−6 = 0
∴ P + Q + R − S + T = 1 − 9 + 1 − 9 + 81 = 65
∴P=6
(x + 2)(x − 2) is a factor of (x + 2) (2x2 − 7x + Q).
x2 + y2 − z2 + 2xy
9.
∴ x − 2 is the factor of (2x2 − 7x + Q).
= x2 + y2 + 2xy − z2

2x − 3 15. (i) x2 − y2 = (x + y) (x − y)
)
x − 2 2 x2 − 7 x + Q (x + y)2 = (x + y) (x + y)
2 x2 − 4 x HCF = x + y
− + (ii) (x − y)2 = (x − y) (x − y)
x3 − y3 = (x − y) (x2 + xy + y2)
− 3x + Q
∴ HCF = x − y
− 3x + 6
(iii) x3 + y3 = (x + y)(x2 − xy + y2)
(+ ) ( −)
x2 − xy + y2 = x2 − xy + y2.
Q−6 = 0 HCF = x2 − xy + y2
(iv) x2 + xy + y2 and x2 − xy + y2 have no com-
∴Q=6 mon factor other than 1.
∴ P + Q = 6 + 6 = 12 ∴ HCF = 1
Hence, the correct option is (c). Hence, the correct option is (b).

A.32 Chapter 5 Ratio, Proportion, and Variations: Commercial Mathematics
CHAPTER 5
Ratio, Proportion, and Variations:
Commercial Mathematics
Assessment Test I
CBAD is the required sequential order.
1. Let the expenditure of P and Q be `5b and `6b,
Hence, the correct option is (b). respectively.
Method 1
2.7p = 0.09q ⇒ 30p = q
2.
q + 6p 36 p 3 Savings of P = ` (2a − 5b) saving of Q = ` (3a − 6b)
\ = = . 2 a − 5b
q − 6p 24 p 2 Part of his income that P saves = =
2a
Hence, the correct option is (b). 2.5b
1−
e a
Let
3. =k 3 a − 6b
f Part of his income that Q saves = =
a c e 3a
= = =k 2b
b d f 1−
a
a = bk, c = dk, and e = fk
b b
a+c bk + dk k (b + d ) 2.5 >2
= = =k a a
b+d b+d b+d b b
a+e c+e \ − 2.5 < −2
Similarly, and equal k. a a
b+ f d+ f
b b
Option (d) follows. \ 1 − 2.5 < 1 − 2
a a
Hence, the correct option is (d). \ Q saves a greater part of his income.
A Method 2
For A to vary directly with B,
4. must be a
B The person who saves a greater part of his inc-
constant.
ome will spend a lesser part of his income.
Option (a)
Parts of their incomes spent by P and Q are
A
3 = a constant 5b 6b b b
B and , respectively, i.e., 2.5 > 2 .
2a 3a a a
A
\ = (a constant)3 = a constant \ Q spends a lower part of his income and
B hence, saves a greater part of his income.
\ A varies directly with B.
Option (b)
3 Let the total number of stamps be x. Ratio of
6.
 A
  = a constant the number of stamps with P, Q, and R
B
1 1 1 3 2 1
A = : : = : : = 3:2:1. The total is 6 parts.
= 3 a constant = a constant 2 3 6 6 6 6
B
\ A varies directly with B. If this ratio had been 2:3:6, the total is 11 parts.
Option (d) follows. 3:2:1 = 33:22:11
Hence, the correct option is (d). 2:3:6 = 12:18:36
\ P and Q would have less and R would have
Let the income of P and Q be `2a and `3a, res-
5. more.
pectively. Hence, the correct option is (d).

Let the maximum marks be x.

7. It becomes `3x in 12 years.
Given that 0.4x − 0.3x = 30. It becomes `4x in 18 years.
⇒ 0.1x = 30 ⇒ x = 300 \ It takes 18 years to become 4 times itself.
n
Hence, the correct option is (d). 15. Option (c): A = P  1 + R  ⇒ 216 = 125
 
100 
For every 900 g that the trader sells, he earns a
8. R
3
 
profit of 100 g.  1 + 
100 
100
Therefore, percentage of profit = × 100 = 3 3
900  6  R 
⇒   = 1+ ⇒
1
11 %.  5  100 
9 6 R R 6
Hence, the correct option is (d). = 1+ ⇒ = −1
5 100 100 5
Let C.P. = `100
9. R 1
⇒ = ⇒ R = 20%
M.P. = 1.3 × 100 = `130 100 5
S.P. = 0.9 × 130 = `117 Assessment Test II

117 − 100
Therefore, percentage of profit = ×
100 BADC is the required sequential order.
1.
100 = 17%.
Let x = 4a and y = 9a.
2.
10. Total discount given by trader B x = 2 a and y = 3 a
25 × 5
= 25 + 5 −
100
= 30 − 1.25 = 28.75%, which
⇒
4 x +5 y
=
( ) ( ) = 23
4 2 a +5 3 a a
=
23
is less than that given by trader A. 6 x +7 y 6 ( 2 a ) + 7 ( 3 a ) 33 a 33
Hence, the correct option is (a). Hence, the correct option is (d).
11. Let the cost price of articles A and B be a and b, When two or more ratios are equal, each of
3.
respectively. them is equal to the sum of all the numerators
Given, 1.3a + 0.8b = 1160 (1) divided by the sum of all the denominators
0.8a + 1.05b = 1160 (2) provided the sum of the denominators is not
zero.
1.3 × Eq. (2) - 0.8 × Eq. (1) gives 0.725b = 580
b a c
580 \ If = = , then
⇒b= = 800 a+b−c a+c−b b+c−a
0.725
each of them equals
b+a+c
=1
12. Option (d): Let the number be x. a+b−c+a+c−b+b+c−a
60 x
Given x + 60% of x = 16 ⇒ x + = 16 \ When a + b + c ≠ 0, each ratio can be 1.
100
16 x Hence, the correct option is (a).
⇒ = 16 ⇒ x = 10
10
For P to vary inversely with Q, PQ must be a
4.
13. Option (e): Required profit percentage =
constant.
225 − 150
× 100%. Option (a)
150
75 PQ = a constant
= × 100% = 50% Squaring both sides, we get
150
14. Option (a): Let the initial sum be `x. PQ = (a constant) = a constant
It becomes `2x in 6 years. \ P varies inversely with Q.

Option (b) Let, the trader use x kg for 1 kg.

8.
2PQ = a constant Now, 1.25x = 1
a constant 1
PQ = = a constant ⇒x= = 0.8 kg = 800 g
2 1.25
\ P varies inversely with Q. Hence, the correct option is (c).
Option (c) Let the cost price of the product be `100.
9.
(PQ)3 = a constant
Therefore, the marked price = 1.6 × 100 = `160
PQ = 3 a constant = a constant
Selling price = 0.7 × 160 = `112
\ P varies inversely with A.
Therefore, the trader earns `12 on every `100.
Option (d) follows.
Therefore, the profit per cent = 12%
Let the income of X and Y be `3a and `4a,
5.
10. Let M.P. = `100
respectively.
S.P. for traders A = 0.7 × 100 = `70
Let the expenditure of X and Y be `4b and `5b,
respectively. S.P. for trader B = 0.8 × 0.9 × 100 = `72
4b b S.P. for trader C = 0.85 × 0.9 × 0.95 × 100
Part of the income that X spends = = 1.3
3a a = `72.675
5b b
Part of the income that Y spends = = 1.25 Therefore, a customer should buy from trader A.
4a a
b b Hence, the correct option is (a).
1.3 > 1.25
a a 11. Let the cost price of the product be `x.
\ X spends a greater part of his income.
Therefore, 1.27x − 1.5x = 24
Hence, the correct option is (a). 24
⇒ 0.12x = 24 ⇒ x = = 200
The data is tabulated below.
6. 0.12
A B C Total
12. Option (a): Let the number be x.
Intended 2 3 4 9
Given, x - 40% of x = 12
1 1 1 40 x
Actual ⇒x- = 12
2 3 4 100
Actual 6 4 3 13 60 x
⇒ = 12 ⇒ x = 20
Multiplying the intended row by 13 and the 100
150 − 100
actual by 9, we get 13. Option (f): Required loss% = × 100%
150
A B C 50
= × 100%
Intended 26 39 52 117 150
Actual 54 36 27 117 = 1/3 × 100%
= 331/3%
\A gained, whereas B and C lost.
Hence, the correct option is (d). 14. Option (c): Let the initial sum be `x.
Let the total marks be x.

7. It becomes `3x in 3 years.
Therefore, 0.4x − 10 = 0.2x + 20 i.e., `2x is interest in 3 years.
30 \It becomes `5x in 6 years.
⇒ 0.2x = 30 ⇒ x = = 150
0.2 n
Hence, the correct option is (c).  R 
15. Option (d): A = P  1 + ⇒ 1210
 100 

2 Given, successive discounts are 25% and 28%.

5.
 R 
= 1000  1 +

 100  The required single discount
2  25 × 28 
1210  R  =  25 + 28 − %
= 1+   100 
1000  100 
2 2 = (53 − 7)% = 46%
 11   R 
⇒   = 1+ Hence, the correct option is (c).
 10   100 
11 R Given,
6.
⇒ = 1+
10 100 P + 3I = 4300
R 11 1 P + 4I = 5100
⇒ = −1 =
100 10 10 I = 800
⇒ R = 10% We have P + 3I = 4300
⇒ P + 2400 = 4300
Assessment Test III ⇒ P = `1900
ACBD is a required sequential order.
Hence, the correct option is (d). 9 + 8x + 9 − 8x
3
Given,
7. =
9 + 8x − 9 − 8x 2
Given, A:B = 4:5
2. Applying componendo and dividendo, we get
B:C = 4:5
LCM of 4 and 5 is 20.
( 9 + 8x + 9 − 8x + ) ( 9 + 8x − 9 − 8x )
A:B = 4:5 = (4 × 4):(5 × 4) = 16:20 ( 9 + 8x + 9 − 8x ) − ( 9 + 8x − 9 − 8x )
B:C = 4:5 = (4 × 5):(5 × 5) = 20:25 3+2

=
A:B = 16:20 3−2
B:C = 20:25 2 9 + 8x 5
=
⇒ A:B:C = 16:20:25 2 9 − 8x 1
Hence, the correct option is (d). 9 + 8x 25
=
1 1 9 − 8x 1
Given, A:B :
3. Again applying componendo and dividendo,
3 2
we get
⇒ A:B = 2:3
9 + 8x + 9 − 8x 25 + 1
Let the incomes of A and B be 2x and 3x, =
9 + 8x − 9 + 8x 25 − 1
respectively.
3 x − 2x 18 26
Required percentage = × 100% =
3x 16x 24
1 1 18 × 24 27
= × 100% = 33 % ⇒x= ⇒=
3 3 16 × 26 26
The compound ratio = (x + 5) × 9:25x = 12:25
4. Let x be the required number.
8.
9 x + 45 12 14 − x, 11 − x, 17 – x, and 13 − x are in prop-
=
25 x 25 ortion.
9x + 45 = 12x (14 − x) (13 − x) = (17 − x) (11 − x)
⇒ 3x = 45 182 − 14x − 13x + x2 = 187 − 17x − 11x + x2
⇒ x = 15 182 − 27x = 187 − 28x
Hence, the correct option is (b). ⇒ 28x − 27x = 187 − 182

⇒x=5 1
=× 100% = 50%
Let the number of days be x.
9.
M1D1 MD 14. Given, total number students in the school =
= 2 2
W1 W2 1320.
250 × 60 150 × D2 Let b and g be the number of boys and the
=
2250 720 number of girls, respectively.
250 × 60 × 720 Given, b:g = 5:6
⇒ D2 =
2250 × 150 5
⇒b= × 1320 = 600
⇒ D2 = 32 days 11
Hence, the correct option is (b). ⇒ g = 1320 − 600 = 720
18
18% of the number of boys = × 600 = 108
10. Given, y is mean proportion of x and z. 100
x y x−y Strength of the boys = 600 + 108 = 708
y2 = xz ⇒ = =
y z y−z Required ratio = 708:720
x4 y4 ( x − y )4 = 59:60
⇒ = =
y4 z4 ( y − z)4 Hence, the correct option is (c).
Hence, the correct option is (b). 15. (i) C.P. < S.P.
50
11. The ratio of wages of X, Y, and Z = 3 × 6:4 × 7:5 ∴ Profit% = × 100% = 25% → ( b)
200
×8
(ii) C.P. > S.P.
= 18:28:40 = 9:14:20 50
9 ∴ Loss% = × 100% = 25% → (c)
Amount received by X = × 86,000 200
9 + 14 + 20 (iii) C.P. < S.P.
9 30
= × 86,000 = `18,000 ∴ Profit% = × 100% = 20% → (a)
43 150
(iv) C.P. > S.P.
2 ∴ Loss% = × 100% = 20% → (d)
 15  150
12. Loss percentage =   %
 10  (i) → (B); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
225
= % = 2.25% Hence, the correct option is (b).
100
Assessment Test IV
13. Given, S.P. of 50 articles = C.P. of 75 articles
CADB is a required sequential order.
1.
S.P. × 50 = C.P.× 75
S.P. 75
=
C.P. 50 Given, A:B = 2:5
2.
S.P. 3 B:C = 4:3
=
C.P. 2 LCM of 4 and 5 is 20.
∴
Profit is made ( S.P. > C.P.). A:B = 2:5 = (2 × 4):(5 × 4) = 8:20
S.P. − C.P. B:C = 4:3 = (4 × 5):(3 × 5) = 20:15
Profit% = × 100%
C.P. \ A:B:C = 8:20:15
3−2 A:C = 8:15.
= × 100%

1 1 7 + 3x 5
Given, P:Q =
3. : =
3 4 7 − 3x 4
⇒ P:Q = 4:3
Let the incomes of P and Q be 4x and 3x, 7 + 3x 25
=
respectively. 7 − 3x 16
4x − 3x Again applying componendo and dividendo,
The required percentage = × 100%
4x we get
x 7 + 3 x + 7 − 3 x 25 + 16
= × 100% = 25% =
4x 7 + 3 x − 7 + 3 x 25 − 16
14 41
=
The compound ratio = (x + 6) × 3:x × 7 = 12:7
4. 6x 9
(3x + 18):7x = 12:7 9 × 14 21
3 x + 18 12 ⇒x= ⇒x=
= 6 × 41 41
7x 7 Hence, the correct option is (a).
3x + 18 = 12x
⇒ 9x = 18 Let x be the required number.
8.
⇒x=2 5 + x, 2 + x, 12 + x, and 6 + x are in proportion.
Hence, the correct option is (b). (5 + x) (6 + x) = (12 + x) (2 + x)
30 + 5x + 6x + x2 = 24 + 12x + 2x + x2
Given, successive discounts are 20% and 25%.
5. 30 + 11x = 24 + 14x
The required single discount ⇒ 14x − 11x = 30 − 24
 20 × 25 
=  20 + 25 − % ⇒ 3x = 6 ⇒ x = 2
 100 
= (45 − 5)% = 40% Hence, the correct option is (d).
Hence, the correct option is (d). Given, M1 = 30, D1 = 24, H2 = 6 h
9.
Given
6. M2 = 18, D2 = ?, H2 = 8 h
P + 4I = `4300 M1D1H1 = M2D2H2
P + 6I = `5200 30 × 24 × 6 = 18 × D2 × 8
2I = `900 ⇒ I = `450 30 × 24 × 6
⇒ D2 =
∴ 3I = `1350 18 × 8
Hence, the correct option is (a). D2 = 30 days
7 + 3x + 7 − 3x
9 10. Given, b is the mean propositional of a and c.
Given,
7. =
7 + 3x − 7 − 3x 1 a b a+b
b2 = ac ⇒ = =
Applying componendo and dividendo rule, b c b+c
we get
a3 b3 ( a + b)3
( 7 + 3x + 7 − 3x + ) ( 7 + 3x − 7 − 3x )= ⇒
b3
=
c3
=
(b + c)3
( 7 + 3x + 7 − 3x ) − ( 7 + 3x − 7 − 3x ) Hence, the correct option is (d).
9+1
11. Ratios of wages = 6 × 8:7 × 6:9 × 5
9−1
= 48:42:45 = 16:14:15
2 7 + 3x 10
= 14
2 7 − 3x 8 Amount received by B = × 90,000
16 + 14 + 15

14 14. Given, total number of students = 800

= × 90,000 = `28,000.
45 Let b and g be the boys and girls in the school,
Hence, the correct option is (a). respectively.
2
 9 Given b:g = 2:3
12. Loss percentage =   %
 10  2
81 b = × 800 = 320
= % = 0.81% 5
100 g = 480
Let x be number boys added to the school.
13. Given, C.P. of 125 articles = S.P. of 150 articles b+x 3
=
g 2
125 × C.P. = S.P. × 150
C.P. 150 320 + x 3
= =
S.P. 125 480 2
C.P. 6 640 + 2x = 1440
=
S.P. 5 2x = 800
⇒ C.P. > S.P., loss is made. x = 400
C.P. − S.P. 400
Loss% = × 100% ∴ Required percentage = × 100
S.P. 320
6−5 = 125%
Loss% = × 100%
6 Hence, the correct option is (b).
2 15. (i) → (D); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (B)
∴ Loss% = 16 %.
3
Hence, the correct option is (c). Hence, the correct option is (d).

CHAPTER 6
Real Numbers, LCM, and HCF
Assessment Test I
If n = pa × qb × rc, then the number of factors of n
1. LCM = 504
= (a + 1) (b + 1) (c + 1) \ The required number is (504) k + 7.
360 = 23 × 32 × 51 When k = 1, the number is 511.
The number of factors of 360 Hence, the correct option is (d).
= (3 + 1) (2 + 1) (1 + 1) 15 − 7 = 8
7.
= 4 × 3 × 2 = 24 25 − 17 = 8
\ The required sequential order is BCAD. 35 − 27 = 8
Hence, the correct option is (b). \ Required number is LCM of (15, 25, 35) k − 8.
1315 × 1517 × 1719
2. 5 15, 25, 35
The units digit of the product 3, 5, 7
= The units digit of 7 × 5 × 3 = 5.
\ LCM of 5, 25, and 35 is 525.
Alternative method: The product of an odd num-
\ Required number is 525 k − 8.
ber and a number ending with 5 ends in 5.
When k = 1, the number is 517.
2648 − 2 2646 98
3. 2.648 = = = HCF = 18 and LCM = 144
8.
999 999 37
Hence, the correct option is (b). The numbers A and B should be factors of
144. From the options, 72 or 144 is possible for
The GCD of 145 and 256 is 1.
4. B. However, the greatest possible one is 144.
LCM of 144 and 1728 is 1728. Hence, the correct option is (b).
∴ AB = 1 × 1728 = 1728
7700 = 7 × 11 × 100
9.
Alternative method: The product of A and B
is a multiple of 1728. = 7 × 11 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5
∴ Only option (D) follows. = 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 7 × 11
Hence, the correct option is (d). (5, 7) is the only pair of twin primes.
3080 = 2 × 154 × 10
 2 2 3  HCF ( 2, 2, 3 ) 1 = 2 × 2 × 77 × 2 × 5
HCF of  , ,  =
5.
 3 5 5  LCM ( 3 , 5, 5) 15
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 11
 2 2 3  LCM ( 2, 2, 3 ) 6 (5, 7) is the only pair of twin primes.
LCM of  , ,  = =
 3 5 5  HCF ( 3 , 5, 5) 1 5005 = 5 × 1001
1 2 = 5 × 7 × 143
\ HCF × LCM = ×6 =
15 5 = 5 × 7 × 11 × 13
(5, 7) and (11, 13) are the two pairs of twin primes.
Required number is (LCM of 8, 18, and 28) k + 7.
6. 3003 = 3 × 1001
2 8 , 18 , 28 = 3 × 7 × 11 × 13
2 4 , 9, 14 (11, 13) only a pair of twin primes.
2, 9, 7 Hence, the correct option is (c).

A.40 Chapter 6 Real Numbers, LCM, and HCF
10. 984x6y is a six-digit number, where x ≠ 0 and y LCM ( 4 , 6 , 7 )

≠ 0. LCM =
5.
HCF ( 5, 7 , 9)
9 + 8 + 4 + x + 6 + y = 27 + x + y
84
As the given number is a multiple of 9, x + y LCM = = 84
should be a multiple of 9. 1
i.e., x = 1, y = 8 ⇒ xy = 8 HCF ( 4 , 6 , 7 )
HCF =
x = 2, y = 7 ⇒ xy = 14 LCM ( 5, 7 , 9)
x = 3, y = 6 ⇒ xy = 18 1
=
x = 4, y = 5 ⇒ xy = 20 315
1
∴ The minimum value is 8. \ LCM × HCF = 84 ×
315
=
15
11. If 2k − 1 is a prime number, then 2k − 1 (2k − 1) is
a perfect number.
25 − 1 = 31 is a prime number. The required number is LCM of (8, 12, and 15)
6.
\ 25 −1 (25 − 1) is a perfect number. k + 6.
Hence, the correct option is (c). i.e., 120 k + 6
\ When k = 1, the number is 126.
12. → Option (b): 48 = 24 × 31 ⇒ The number of
factors = 5 × 2 = 10.
12 − 6 = 6
7.
13. → Option (d): The sum of the factors of 6 = 1 +
2 + 3 + 6 = 12 14 − 8 = 6
= 2 × 6. 16 − 10 = 6
\ Required number is LCM of (12, 14, and 16)
14. → Option (f): 887 ends in 2.
k − 6.
15. → Option (e): The least composite number is 4. i.e., 336 k − 6
\ When k = 1, the number is 330.
Assessment Test II Hence, the correct option is (c).
CADBE is the required sequential order.
1. If HCF of two numbers is one of the numbers,
8.
Hence, the correct option is (c). then the LCM is the other number.
Unit’s digit of 415 × 516 + 617 × 718 = the unit’s
2. As P ≠ 1 and LCM = 94, the numbers are (2, 94)
digit of (4 × 5 + 6 × 9) = the unit’s digits of (20 + and (47, 94).
54) = 4 \ PQ = 2 × 94 or 47 × 94
3345 − 3 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 are the factors of 24.
9.
3. 3.345 =
999
Therefore, the sum is 60 ≠ 2 × 24.
3342 1114
= = . \ 24 is not a perfect number.
999 333
10. 2k − 1 (2k − 1) is a prime number.
A×B=P×Q
4.
A Q ⇒ 2k − 1 is a prime number.
⇒ =
P B ⇒ k can be 3.

11. Given that 684m7n is divisible by 11. (23 − 1) (33 − 1)

= ×
The sum of digits in odd places is n + m + 8. 1 2
The sum of digits in even places is 7 + 4 + 6 = 17. (27 − 1)
m + n + 8 − 17 is a multiple of 11 or zero. = (8 − 1) ×
2
m + n − 9 cannot be multiple of 11. 26
=7×
\ m + n − 9 should be 0. 2
For maximum of mn, m = 4, n = 5 or m = 5, n = 4 = 91
\ m × n = 20 Hence, the correct option is (b).
Hence, the correct option is (d). 64 = 26
6.
12. → Option (a): The number of primes between \ The number of factors of 64 = 6 + 1 = 7.
50 and 100 is 10. Hence, the correct option is (c).
13. → Option (d): The unit’s digit of 777 is same as 7.

the units digit of 71. 2 32, 48
2 16, 24
14. → Option (b): 9 is odd but not prime.
2 8, 12
15. → Option (g): 62 = 21 × 311 2 4, 6
The number of factors = 2 × 2 = 4. 2, 3
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3
Assessment Test III
= 96
The required sequential order is BCDA.
1. Hence, the correct option is (b).
Hence, the correct option is (c). LCM of (a andb ) = a
8.
6
2. 0.6 = \ LCM of (k a and k b ) = ka
9
0.5 =
9 28 = 22 × 71
9.
6 5 11 (22 + 1 − 1) (71 + 1 − 1)
0. 6 + 0. 5 = + = = 1. 2 Sum of the factors = ×
9 9 9 (2 − 1) (7 − 1)
(23 − 1) (72 − 1)
= ×
3. x + 6 = 5 × 125 1 6
= 5 × 25 × 5 = 5 × 5 5 48
=7×
=5×5 6
= 56 = 2 × 28
= 25
⇒ x = 19 ⇒ x = 361 \ 28 is a perfect number.
Hence, the correct option is (b). Hence, the correct option is (c).
7 7 2 HCF of (7 , 7 , 2)
If the sum of two integers is negative, then at
4. 10. HCF =  , ,  =
least one of the integers must be negative.  3 9 5  LCM of (3 , 9, 5)

=
36 = ×
5. 22 32 45
(22 +1 − 1) (32 +1 − 1)
\ The sum of the factors = × Hence, the correct option is (b).
(2 − 1) (3 − 1)

A.42 Chapter 6 Real Numbers, LCM, and HCF
11. Let the numbers be 9x and 9y. 4−0 4

2. 0.4 = =
9x + 9y = 72 (Given) 1−
10 10 0
9
9(x + y) = 72 23 − 2 21
2.3 = =
x+y=8 9 9
\ (x, y) = (1, 7) or (3, 5) 21 4
−
\ Number of pairs = 2 9 9
=
9
12. We know that the product of the numbers =
= 1.8
HCF × LCM of the numbers.
28 × x = 896
x = 32 3. y − 4 = 6 × 216
\ The required number is 32. 6 × 216 = 6 × 36 × 6
Hence, the correct option is (b). = 6 ×6 6
=6×6
13. Let the greatest four-digit number be N. Each
of the divisors exceeds the remainder it leaves = 36
by the same value which is 3. y = 40 ⇒ y = 1600
\ N = k LCM (13, 11, 15) - 3 = k (2145) - 3 (k < 5) Hence, the correct option is (a).
= 4(2145) - 3 = 8577 All the given choices can be true.
4.
14. A number having exactly 3 factors must be the 56 = 23 × 71
5.
square of a prime number. (23 + 1 − 1) (71 + 1 − 1)
\ The sum of the factor = ×
Prime numbers whose squares are less than (2 − 1) (7 − 1)
1000 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, and 31.
The square of any prime number will have 3 (24 − 1) (72 − 1)
= ×
factors. 1 6
N = p2; the factors are 1, p, and p2. ( 49 − 1)
= (16 − 1) ×
\ There are 11 such numbers which are less 6
than 1000. 48
= 15 ×
15. (i) Units digit of (725) = 120
= 74 × 6 + 1 = 7
(ii) Units digit of (239) = 24 × 9 + 3 = 8 512 = 29
6.
(iii) Units digit of 6100 = 6 \ The number of factors of 512 = 9 + 1 = 10.
(iv) Units digit of 99 = 94 × 2 + 1 = 9 Hence, the correct option is (c).
Option (b) follows.
Hence, the correct option is (b). 7. 2 128, 142
64, 71
Assessment Test IV
LCM = 2 × 64 × 71
The required sequential order is ACBD.
1. = 9088

The HCF of (a and b ) = k

8. \ Number of pairs = 9
a b  HCF (a , b ) k Hence, the correct option is (d).
The HCF of  and  = = =1
k k  LCM of k , k k 12. Let a and b be the required numbers.
Hence, the correct option is (a). Let a = 12
496 =
9. 24 × 31 Given HCF = 12 and a; LCM = 72
(24 +1 − 1) (311+1 − 1) a × b = 12 × 72
Sum of the factors = ×
(2 − 1) (31 − 1) 24 × b = 12 × 72
(25 − 1) (312 − 1) b = 36
= ×
1 30 Hence, the correct option is (b).
(961 − 1) 13. LCM of (7, 8, 11) = 616
= 31 ×
30
The greatest number in 5 digits which is divis-
960
= 31 × ible by 616 is 9856.
30
The difference between divisor and corre-
= 31 × 32 sponding remainder in all the three cases is 3.
= 992 The required number = 9856 - 3 = 9853.
= 2 × 496 Hence, the correct option is (d).
\ 496 is a perfect number.
14. Only perfect squares have odd number factors.
We have to find the number of perfect squares
5 4 2 HCF of (5, 4 , 2)
10. HCF =  , between 50 and 500.
 7 11 , 7  = LCM of (7 , 11, 7 )
The perfect squares in the given range are 82,
1 92, 102, …, 222. So there are 22 − 7 = 15 perfect
=
77 squares in the given range which have an odd
Hence, the correct option is (b). number of factors.
11. Let the number be 11x and 11y.
15. (i) Units digit of 489 = 44 × 22 + 1 = 4
11x + 11y = 209 ( Given)
\
11(x + y) = 209 (ii) Units digit of 536 = 5

x + y = 19 (iii) Units digit of 1418 = 144 × 4 + 2 = 6
\ (x, y) = (1, 18), (2,17), (3, 16), (4, 15), (5, 14), (iv) Units digit of (33)89 = (33)4 × 22 + 1 = 3
(6, 13), (7, 12), (8, 11), or (9, 10). Hence, the correct option is (d).

A.44 Chapter 7 Squares and Square Roots, Cubes and Cube Roots, and Indices
CHAPTER 7
Squares and Square Roots, Cubes
and Cube Roots, and Indices
Assessment Test I
BDCA is the sequential order.
1. = −17 + 12
Hence, the correct option is (d). = −5
= 3 −125
10,584 = 22 × 21 × 31 × 32 × 72
2.
\ 10,584 should be divided by 6.
i.e., (2 × 3) 153 < 3388 < 163
7.
So that the quotient is a perfect square. 153 = 3375
Hence, the correct option is (d). \ 3388 − 3375 = 13
A is a natural number.
3. \ 13 should be subtracted form 3388 so that
the difference is a perfect cube.
The sum of the first B consecutive odd num-
bers required to give the sum equal to A. Hence, the correct option is (c).
\ B2 = A (successive subtraction method) 3 = 13
36
8. x+ 3
\ A − B2 = 0 x
3 3
Hence, the correct option is (d). x should be a factor of 36. Hence, x is
either 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, or 36.
4. 50.41 + 34.81
Since 3 x + some number is 13.
5041 3481
= + 3
x should be less than 13 and greater than 3.
100 100
3
71 59 130 Let x =4
= + = = 13
10 10 10 36
3
x+ = 13
3
Hence, the correct option is (c). x
5 4 36
5. x2 − 8 = x2 + 34 LHS = 4 +
8 7 4
= 4 + 9 = 13 = RHS
5 2 4 2
x − x = 34 + 8 36 36
8 7 If 3
x = 6, then 3 x + = 6+
3 6
x
35 x2 − 32 x2 = 6 + 6 = 12
= 42
56 \ 3
x≠ 6
3x2 = 42 × 56 36 36
3
If x = 9, then 3
x+ = 9+
x2 = 14 × 56 3
x 9
x2 = 14 × 14 × 4 = 9 + 4 = 13
∴ x = ± 28 \ 3 x = 4 or 9
3
6. − 4913 + 3 1728 9. x6 × 3 x6
= 3
( −17 )3 + 3 123 = x3 × x6/3

= x3 × x2 Assessment Test II
= x5
CADB is the sequential order of steps.
1.
= x10
2.

10. (729)x + 3 = (27) 5 + x 2 2916
(36)x + 3 = (33)5 + x 2 1458
36x + 18 = 315 + 3x 3 729
⇒ 6x + 18 = 15 + 3x 3 243
3 81
⇒ 6x − 3x = 15 − 18 3 27
3x = −3 3 9
x = −1 3
1
\ xx = (−1)(−1) = = −1 2916 = 22 × 33 × 33
−1
Hence, the correct option is (c). \ 2916 should be divided by 22, i.e., 4.
So that the quotient is a perfect cube.
11. a = 21458 = (26)243 = (64)243
b = 3972 = (34)243 = (81)243 Hence, the correct option is (c).
c = 5729 = (53)243 = (125)243
3. 3844 = 62
d = 6486 = (62)243 = (36)243
\ The sum of the first 62 odd numbers is
\ c = 5729 is the greatest.
required to give a sum of 3844.
12. Option (d): (7x)2 > 435 3
4. 4096 − 3 1331
202 = 400, 212 = 441
Let (7x)2 = (21)2 = 441 3 (16)3 − 3 113
⇒ 7x = 21 ⇒ x = 3
\ x can be 3. = 16 − 11 = 5 = 25
13. Option (c): (3x)3 = 729
(3x)3 = 93 7 7
5. x2 − 10 = x2 + 200
⇒ 3x = 9 ⇒ x = 2 3 5
7 2 7 2
2
14. Option (b): 5x = 3 125 x − x = 200 + 10
3 5
5x = 3 53
2
35 x2 − 21x2
2
5x = 51 = 210
15
⇒ x2 = 1 ⇒ x = ± 1
14x2 = 210 × 15
15. Option (a): (7x)2 < 23 x2 = 15 × 15
(7x)2<8 ∴ x = ± 15
72x < 8 Hence, the correct option is (c).
Let 72x = 71 ⇒ 2x = 1
3
1 6. − 27 + 729 − 3 216 = x
x=
2 −3 + 27 − 6 = x
1
\ x can be . ⇒ x = 18
2

32 x = 32 × 18 = 16 × 2 × 2 × 29 a = (2401)7 = (74)7 = 728

= 4 × 2 × 3 = 24. \ b = 730 is the greatest.
12. Option (e): 83x = (3x)2, for x = 0
163 < 4096 < 173
7.
173 = 4913 > 4904 13. Option (d): (125)x = (625)3
And 4913 − 4904 = 9 53x = (54)3
\ 9 should be added to 4904 so that the sum ⇒ 3x = 4 × 3
is a perfect cube. ⇒x=4
14. Option (c): (216)x = 83 × 39
42
8. x + = 289 (63)x = 29 × 39
x
63x = (2 × 3)9
42 ⇒ 3x = 9
x+ = 17
x x=3
x should be a factor of 42.
15. Option (b): (14x)x = 42 × (49)2
i.e., 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 14, 21, and 42
(14x)x = (22)2 × (72)2
Either x = 3 or 14 satisfies.
(14x)x = (142)2
⇒ x = 9 or x = 196
⇒x=2
9. 3 343 × 784 Assessment Test III

= 7 × 28 CBAD is the required sequential order.
1.
= 7 ×7 ×4 Hence, the correct option is (b).
= 7 × 2 = 14 4(x + 9)2 = 676
2.
⇒ (x + 9)2 =
4
x −x
 2  5 2
= (8 )
3
10.  3 −  .  1 +   26 
 7   14  ⇒ (x + 9)2 =  
 2
x x
 19   14  26 ∴
    = (8 )
3
⇒x+9= ( x is positive.)
7 19 2
⇒ x + 9 = 13
(19)x (14)x x=4
= (8 )
3
×
(7 ) (19)
x x
(2)x = (8)3 3
3. 46656 + 3 42875
2x = 2 3 × 3 = 36 + 35 = 71
⇒x=9 Hence, the correct option is (d).
(1000)3 = 1,00,00,00,000 has 10 digits.
4.
11. d = 729 ∴ The maximum number of digits in the cube
c = (343)9 = (73)9 = 727 of a 3-digit number is 9.
b = (49)15 = (72)15 = 730 Hence, the correct option is (d).

720 = 2 × 360
5.
= 2 × 2 × 180
= ( 5− 3 )( 5+ 3 )
⇒ 2 × 2 × 2 × 90 =5−3=2
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 45 Hence, the correct option is (a).
= 24 × 32 × 5
11. p( ) . ( pb+ c )6 ( pc+ a )6
a+ b 6
∴ 720 should be multiplied by 5 so that the
product is a perfect square. ( pa pb .pc )12
=
( pa + b + b + c + c + a )
6
A=
6.
x°
360
× p r2 ( pa+ b+ c )12
32p =
80°
× p r2 =
( p2 a + 2b + 2c )
6
360
4 × 36 = r2
( pa+ b+ c )12
⇒ r = 12
=
( pa+ b+ c )12 = 1
Hence, the correct option is (a). ( pa+ b+ c )12
7. 63 Hence, the correct option is (b).
6 3965
 x  y
-36 12.   and   are reciprocals to each other.
 y  x
123 365
If the sum of the reciprocals is ‘2’, then each
-369
value is 1.
-4  x  y
\  =  =1
\ 3965 + 4 = 3669 = (63)2  y  x
Hence, the correct option is (a). 8 8
 x  11  y  11
⇒  +  =1+1=2
87,880 = 23 × 133 × 51
8.  y  x
23 × 51 × 13x = 23 × 51 × 133 Hence, the correct option is (a).
\x=3
Hence, the correct option is (c). 13. 33x − 11 × 27y − 9 = 2592
33x − 11 × 27y − 9 = 34 × 25
( x )3 ⇒ 3x − 11 = 4 and 7y − 9 = 5
9. 3
144 z2 y ⇒ 3x = 15 and 7y = 14
(6 y )3 ⇒ x = 5 and y = 2
= 2
3  y \ 3x + 2y
144 y  
 12  = 3(5) + 2(2)
= 15 + 4 = 19
63 × y3
= =6 Hence, the correct option is (c).
3 y2
144 y ×
144 14. (2401)3x − 5 = (49)3y − 1 = 75x − 6
Hence, the correct option is (c). ⇒ (74)3x − 5 = 75x − 6
(
10. 4 5 + 4 3 )( 5 − 3)( 4 4
5+ 3 ) ⇒ 12x − 20 = 5x − 6
⇒ 7x = 14
= ( 5 ) − ( 3 )  ( 3)
2 2
4 4
5+ ⇒x=2
 

And 72(3y − 1) = 75x − 6 \ 432 should be multiplied by 3 so that the

76y − 2 = 75x − 6 product is a perfect square.
⇒ 6y − 2 = 5x − 6 Hence, the correct option is (b).
6y − 2 = 5 × 2 − 6 l = 12p and r = 15 cm
6.
6y − 2 = 4 x
l= × 2p r
y=1 360
\x+y=2+1=3 x
12p = × 2 × p × 15
12 × 360
15. (i) 4 256 = 4 44 = 4 x=
2 × 15
(ii) The units digit of 3 1, 40 , 608 is 2. \ x = 144
(iii) The units digit of 5, 22, 729 is 3 or 7 Hence, the correct option is (b).
(since the last digit is 9).
7. 64
(iv) 5° = 1
6 4091
(i) → (D); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (C); (iv) → (A) 36
Hence, the correct option is (c). 124 491
496
Assessment Test IV -5
BCADFE is the required sequential order.
1. \ 4092 + 5 = (64)2
Hence, the correct option is (a). Hence, the correct option is (c).
9(x − 5)2 = 1296

2. 40,824 = 71 × 36 × 23
8.
1296 23 × 3x × 71 = 23 × 36 × 71
⇒ (x − 5)2 =
9 ⇒x=6
2
 36  Hence, the correct option is (d).
⇒ (x − 5)2 =  
 3
8 x3
⇒ x − 5 = 12 9. 3
49 z2 y
x = 17
Hence, the correct option is (d). 8(7 y )3
= 2
3
3. 17576 − 3 4913 = 26 − 17 = 9
3  y
49 y  
 7
(1000)3 = 1,00,00,00,000 has 10 digits.

4. 8(73 ) × y3
=
\ The minimum number of digits in a 4-digit 3  y2 
49 y  
number is 10.  49 
= 3 8 × 73
432 = 2 × 216
5. = 2 × 7 = 14
= 2 × 2 × 108 Hence, the correct option is (a).
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 54
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 27
(
10. 4 8 − 4 5 ) ( 8 + 5) ( 8 + 5) 4 4
= 24 × 32 × 3 = ( 8 − 5 )( 8 + 5 ) ( 8 + 5 )
4 4 4 4

⇒ 10x = 10 and 5y = 10
= ( 8 ) − ( 5 )   8 +
2 2
4 4
5 
 x = 1 and y = 2
= ( 8 − 5) ( 8 + 5) \ 2x + 5y = 2 × 1 + 5 × 2
= 2 + 10 = 12
=8−5=3
14. (81)3x − 5 = (9)3y + 2 = 35x − 6
11.
( xa + b
8
)( )( xb + c
8
xc + a
8
) ⇒ (81)3x − 5 = 35x − 6 and 93y + 2 = 35x − 6
⇒ 34(3x − 5) = 35x − 6 and 36y + 4 = 35x − 6
( xa xb xc )15 = 12x − 20 = 5x − 6 and 6y + 4 = 5x − 6
=
( xa+ b+ b+ c+ c+ a )8 ⇒ 12x − 20 = 5x − 6
( xa+ b+ c )15 ⇒ 7x = 14
x=2
x16( a + b + c )
= And 6y + 4 = 5x − 6
x15( a + b + c )
⇒ 6y = 5(2) − 6 −4
= xa + b + c
⇒ 6y = 0
⇒ y = 10
 a  b
12.   and   are reciprocals to each other. \x−y=2−0=2
 b  a
If the sum of the reciprocals is 2, then each
15. (i) 3−5 × 93 = 3−5 × 36 = 3
value is 1.
a b (ii) 2−3 × 3−3 × 64
= =1 = (6)−3 × 64 = 61
b a
7 7 (iii) 4−3 × 9−2 × 363 = 4−1 × 36−2 × 363
 a  8  b  10 1
⇒  −  = × 36 = 9
 b  a 4
=1−1=0 (iv) 52 × 62 × (30)−1 × 3−1
Hence, the correct option is (a). = (30)2 × (30)−1 × 3−1
1
= 30 × = 10
13. 210x − 6 × 55y − 5 = 50,000 3
210x − 6 × 55y − 5 = 24 × 55 (i) → (D); (ii) → (C); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (A)
⇒ 10x − 6 = 4 and 5y − 5 = 5 Hence, the correct option is (b).

A.50 Chapter 8 Time and Work, Time and Distance, and Statistics
CHAPTER 8
Time and Work, Time and
Distance, and Statistics
Assessment Test I
CBAD is the required sequential order.
1. Time taken by the first car to reach Pune
6.
= = 6h
32
m1 d1 h1/w1 = m2 d2 h2/w2
2. 1
The second car started 2 h later and reached
13 × 18 × 8/26 = (x + 13) 6 × 6/30 1 2
an hour earlier than the first car.
⇒ x + 13 = 60 ⇒ x = 47 2
Hence, the correct option is (b). \ It takes 3 h less than the first car to reach Pune.
192
As A is twice as good a workman as B, A alone
3. \Speed of the second car = = 64 kmph
6−3
can complete the work in half the time in which Hence, the correct option is (a).
B alone completes, if A takes x days and B takes
Let speed be x. After increasing by 25%, the
7.
2x days. As C is thrice as good a workman as B,
new speed = 1.25x
C alone completes a work in one-third the time
in which B alone completes. Time taken to cover a distance d with speed x.
2x d
i.e., C takes days. = 20
3 x
1 1 3 1 or d = 20x
Then, + + =
x 2x 2x 2 Since distance is same,
6 1 d = 20x = t × 1.25x
⇒ = ⇒x=6
2x 2 20
Hence, the correct option is (d). ⇒ t= = 16 h
1.25
Let C alone complete the work in x days.
4. Hence, the correct option is (b).
20
6 6 4 Speed of B =
8. = 4 m/s
+ + = 1 ⇒ x = 18 days 5
12 x 24 500
Hence, the correct option is (b). Time taken by B to complete the race =
4
Let us say the first pipe should be closed after x
5. = 185 s
minutes. Then, Time taken by A to complete the race = 125 − 5
= 120 s
x 16
+ =1 500 25
18 24 Speed of A = = m/s
120 6
x 2 Hence, the correct option is (c).
⇒ + =1
18 3 15, 20
A, B 10, 25
x 1 C, D
⇒ = ⇒x=6
18 3
The first pipe should be closed after 6 min.

Let the speed of the boat in still water be

9. Assessment Test II
x kmph.
Let the speed of the stream be y kmph. BADC is the required sequential order.
1.
(x + y) 3 = 48 ⇒ x + y = 16 (1) Hence, the correct option is (b).
(x − y) 4 = 40 ⇒ x − y = 10 (2) m1 d1/w1 = m2 d2/w2
2.
The speed of the boat in still water is given by 10 12
1 18 × =x×
(Its upstream speed + Its downstream speed) 900 660
2
⇒ x = 11
1
= (10 + 16) = 13 kmph Hence, the correct option is (c).
2
Hence, the correct option is (a). Let A take x days to complete the work.
3.
10. Mode = 3 Median − 2 Mean \ B takes 2x days.

1 1 1
12 = 3 Median − 2 × 3 ⇒ Median = 18/3 = 6 + =
x 2 x 14
(1 + 2) 1
11. =
2x 14
x f fx 3
⇒ x = 14 × = 21 days
4 3 12 2
7 10 70 Hence, the correct option is (d).
9 15 135 Let the remaining work be completed in x days.
4.
13 p 13p 5 5
x+ + =1
18 12 216 10 15
20 2p − 4 40p − 80 5 2
x+ =
10 3
Sf = 36 + 3p Sfx = 353 + 53p
5
3x + 15 = 20 ⇒ x =
Given, AM = 12.95 AM and =
∑ fx 3
∑f Hence, the correct option is (d).
353 + 53 p The time taken by the outlet pipe to empty the
5.
⇒ 12.95 =
36 + 3 p tank is less than the time taken by the inlet pipe
466.20 + 38.85p = 353 + 53p to fill the tank. If the inlet pipe and the outlet
113.20 = 14.15 p pipe are opened when the tank is partially or
113.20 totally full, then the tank will get emptied. As
p= =8 both pipes are opened when the tank is half
14.15
full, the tank will become empty.
So the part of tank emptied by both the pipes
12. Option (h): B is twice as efficient as A. working together in one minute
13. Option (e): 2 men’s capacity is equal to 3 1 1 1
= − =
women’s capacity. 8 12 24
The time taken to empty half the tank
14. Option (d):
Q is faster than P since 10 m/s
1 24
18 = × = 12 min
= 10 ×kmph = 36 km/h 2 1
5
15. Option (f): E takes less time to fill the tank than F.

Distance travelled by the thief from 11:00 am to

6. Speed of boat in still water
9.
1:00 pm = 2 × 30 = 60 km 28 + 44
= = 36 kmph
Time in which the police will catch the thief 2
44 − 28
Distance 60 Speed of stream = = 8 kmph
= = =6h 2
Relative speed ( 40 − 30) Hence, the correct option is (b).
Time at which the police catches the thief is 10. Given, Median − Mean = 8
1:00 pm + 6 h, i.e., 7:00 pm
We know that, Mode = 3 Median − 2 Mean
Mode − Median = 2(Median − Mean) = 2 × 8 = 16
The distance remains constant. If the usual
7.
speed be x and usual time be t, then
4 9 11. Sf1 = 12 + x + y = 22 ⇒ x + y = 10
x × t = x  t +  = distance
7  60  and S fixi = 20 + 8x + 18 + 60 + 15y = 98 + 8x + 15y
t=
4
t+
3
x=
∑ fi xi =
98 + 8 x + 15 y
= 10
7 35
3 7 1
∑ fi 22
t= × = h \ 8x + 15y = 122
35 3 5
On solving 8x + 15y = 122 and x + y = 10, we get
1
t = × 60 = 12 min x=4
5
Alternatively, Hence, the correct option is (b).
4 12. Option (d): A is more efficient than B.
As he travels at of usual speed, he takes
7
7 3 13. Option (e): 1 man can do the work in 45 days.
th of usual time, i.e., of usual time extra.
4 4 18
14. Option (a): Car’s speed = 5 m/s = 5 × kmph
3 5
If → 9 min
4 = 18 kmph
1 → ? Train’s speed = 20 kmph
9
∴ = 12 min Train is faster than car.
3/4
\ Car takes more time to travel a certain dis-
Hence, the correct option is (b). tance when compared with train.
15. Option (g): R takes more time to fill the tank
As Rohan beats Mohan by 60 m or 15 s, in order
8.
when compared with P.
to run the final 60 m, Mohan takes 15 s.
60 Assessment Test III
∴ Mohan’s speed = = 4 m/s
15
CDAB is the required sequential order.
1.
∴ The time taken by Mohan to run the race =
300 Hence, the correct option is (a).
= 75 s
4 Let p, q, and r be the capacities of P, Q, and R,
2.
The time taken by Rohan to run the race = respectively.
75 − 15 = 60 s 1 1 1
(p + q + q + r + r + p) = + +
300 24 18 12
Rohan’s speed = = 5 m/s 3+4+6
60 2(p + q + r) =

13 X and Y are filling pipes, whereas Z is an emp-

5.
2(p + q + r) = tying pipe.
72
13 The part of the tank that can be filled in 1 h =
p+q+r=
144 1 1 1 4+3−2 5
+ − = =
13 1 3 4 6 12 12
(p + q + r) − (p + r) = − 12 2
144 12 \ Time required to fill the tank = =2 h
13 − 12 5 5
q= Hence, the correct option is (b).
144
1 Let x and y be the capacities of a man and a
6.
q= woman, respectively.
144
\ Q can complete the work in 144 days. 1
3x + 4y = (1)
1
M D H M D H 12x + 4y = (2)
3. 1 1 1 = 2 2 2 4
W1 W2
1 1
3 From Eqs (1) and (2), ⇒ 9x = −
M×D×8 4 12
M × 12 × 6 4 1
= 9x =
W 3W 6
12 × 6 × 3 × 4 1
D= = 36 x= (3)
3×8 54
Hence, the correct option is (b). 3 1
From Eqs (1) and (3), ⇒ + 4y =
54 12
Let m, n, and p are the capacities of M, N, and P,
4. 1 1
respectively. 4y = −
12 18
1 1
m+n+p= 4y =
3 36
1 1 1 1
+ +p= y=
8 12 3 144
1 1 1 \ A woman can complete the work in 144 days.
⇒p= − −
3 8 12 Hence, the correct option is (a).
1 1 Let the speed of the current be x kmph.
7.
p= −
6 24 Speed of the boat upstream = (6 − x) kmph.
4 −1 3 1 25
= = = \ =5
24 24 8 6−x
1 1 1
Ratio of the shares of M, N, and P = 18 : 12 : 8 ⇒5=6−x
x=1
= 3:2:3
2
Share of N = × 1200 = `300 P 1000
8 8. Given P:Q = =
Q 900
Q 1000
Another Method: =
R 920
3 1 P Q 1000 1000
N’s work = = × = ×
12 4 Q R 900 920
1 P 1000
Share of N = (`1200) = `300 ⇒ =
4 R 828

P:R = 1000:828 13. Sfx = 2 × 2 + 3 × 4 + 6 × 5 + 7 × 7 + P × 4

\ P beats R by 172 m. Sf = 2 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 22
Hence, the correct option is (c). Σfx 95 + 4 P
Mean = = = 6.5
Length of the train Σf 22
Speed of the train =
9.
Time taken to cross the pole ⇒ 95 + 4P = 143
300 ⇒ 4P = 48
= = 20 m/s
15
⇒ P = 12
Time taken by the train to cross a platform of
180 + 300 480 Hence, the correct option is (a).
length 180 m = = = 24 s
20 20 14. Mode = 3 Median − 2 Mean
14 = 3 × Median − 2 × 17
10. Distance travelled 14 + 34 = 3 Median
VU \ Median = 16
=
V −U
( p + q)
[where V and U are the different speeds, and 15. (i) Given data 12, 14, 13, 12, 14, 13, 14, 12
p and q are the time early and late in hours,
respectively.] Arrange in ascending order.
12, 12, 12, 12, 13, 14, 14, 14
8 × 6  12 10  48 22
=  + = × 12 + 13
8 − 6  60 60  2 60 Median = = 12.5
2
44
= = 8.8 km Mode is 12.
5
Mean =
Alternate Solution: 8
Let the distance be d km. (ii) Given data 14, 13, 12, 12, 13, 13, 14, 14
The difference between the time taken = 22 min Arrange in ascending order.
d d 22 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14
⇒ − =
6 8 60 13 + 13
Median = = 13
d 22 2
⇒ =
24 60 Mode is 13 and 14.
44 Mean = 13.125
⇒d= = 8.8 km
5 (iii) Given data 11, 12, 13, 14.
Length of the faster train (iv) Given data 11, 11, 12, 13, 14, 14, 13, 13
11. Required time =
Relative speed 11 + 11 + 12 + 13 + 14 + 14 + 13 + 13
Mean =
120 8
=
5
(92 − 74) × =
101
18 8
120 18 (i) → (C); (ii) → (B); (iii) → (A); (iv) → (D)
= × = 24 s
18 5
12. 720 units = 6 cm

Assessment Test IV
1 cm = 120 units
\ K = 120 BADC is the required sequential order.
1.
Hence, the correct option is (b). Hence, the correct option is (b).

Let x, y, and z be the capacities of X, Y, and Z,

2. 6 − 2 −1 1
respectively. = =
12 2
1 1 1 1
(x + y + y + z + z + x) = + + Share of P = (`2400) = `1200
20 24 30 2
6+5+ 4 5. M and N are filling pipes, whereas P is an emp-
2(x + y + z) =
120 tying pipe.
15 The part of the tank that can be filled in one
x+y+z=
240 minute when all the three pipes are turned on
15 1 15 − 10 1 1 1
(x + y + z) − (y + z) = − = = + −
240 24 240 20 30 24
5 1 6+4−5 5 1
x= = = = =
240 48 120 120 24
\ X can do the work in 48 days.
\ In 24 min, the tank will be filled.
M1 D1 H1 M2 D2 H2
3. = Let x and y be the capacities of a man and a
6.
W1 W2
woman, respectively.
5 1
M×D×6 5x + 3y = (1)
M × 15 × 9 4 20
=
W 2W
1
15 × 9 × 2 × 4 9x + 8y = (2)
D= 8
5×6
D = 36 Eq. (1) × 8 − Eq. (2) × 3
Hence, the correct option is (c). 2 3 16 − 15
13x = − =
Let a, b, and p be the capacities of A, B, and P
4. 5 8 40
respectively.
1
1 ⇒x=
a+b+p= 520
2
\ A man can complete the work in 520 days.
1 1 1 1
+ + = Hence, the correct option is (b).
6 12 p 2
1 1 1 6 − 2−1 3 1 Let the speed of the boat in still water be x

7.
p= − − = = = kmph.
2 6 12 12 12 4
Ratio of the share of A, B, and P The speed of the boat in downstream = x + 5
1 1 1 24
: : = 2:1:3 = =8
6 12 4 3
3 ⇒8=x+5
Share of P = × 2400 = `1200
6 ⇒ x = 3 kmph
Hence, the correct option is (c). Hence, the correct option is (c).
Another method:
2 2 Given A:B = 1000:875
8.
Work done by P = 1 − −
6 12 B:C = 1000:900
1 1 A B 1000 1000
=1− − × = ×
3 6 B C 875 900

A 1000 Length of the trains

= 11. Required time =
C 787.5 Relative speed
\ A:C = 1000:787.5
160 + 200 360 × 18
\ A beats C by 212.5 m. = = =9s
5 144 × 5
(100 + 44) ×
The speed of the train
9.
12. 1 cm = 40 units
Length of the train + Length of the platfrom
= 580
Time taken 580 units = cm
40
450 + 150 600 = 14.5 cm
= =
20 20 Hence, the correct option is (c).
= 30 m/s
Σfx
Time taken by the train to cross a pole 13. Mean = =9
Σf
Length of the train
= 60 + 56 + 96 + 90 + 10 K + 180
Speed of the train ⇒ =9
55 + K
450
= = 15 s 482 + 10K = 9K + 495
30
K = 13
VU
10. Required distance = ( p + q)
V −U 14. Mode = 3 Medians − 2 Mean
8×5 6 9
=  +  16 = 3 × 15 − 2 Mean
8 − 5  60 60 
2 Mean = 45 − 16
40 15
= × Mean = 14.5.
3 60
10 1
= = 3 km 15. (i) → (C); (ii) → (A); (iii) → (B); (iv) → (D)
3 3
Hence, the correct option is (d). Hence, the correct option is (c).

Trishna Knowledge Systems, Pearson IIT Foundation Series - Mathematics Practice Book Class 8 (2018)

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Trishna Knowledge Systems, Pearson IIT Foundation Series - Mathematics Practice Book Class 8 (2018)

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About Pearson

Pearson is the world’s learning company, with presence across 70 countries

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Trishna Knowledge Systems

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Assessment Test I 6.1

CHAPTER 3 Mensuration3.1 Assessment Test I 7.1

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Percentages, Profit and Loss,

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Partial Fractions Instalments Banking

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Assessment Test I Time: 30 min.

(a) 45° (b) 80° (c) 70° (d) 65°

(a) 70° (b) 80° (c) 90° (d) 100°

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(a) 160° (b) 150°

(a) 140° (b) 40° (c) 50° (d) 70°

(a) 70° (b) 80° (c) 90° (d) 60°

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Assessment Test II Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

The following are the steps involved in constructing an incircle of a triangle.

In a ∆PQR, PS = SR = SQ and ∠PRS = 55°. Find ∠SQP.

(a) 25° (b) 35° (c) 45° (d) 15°

(a) 30° (b) 80° (c) 60° (d) 70°

KLMN is an isosceles trapezium in which KL MN . If ∠NKL = 70°, then

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SRMT is a parallelogram. If ∠SRM = 108°, SR = 2MR, and P is the midpoint

PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ SR . T is a point on PQ such that PS = ST,

(a) 100° (b) 80° (c) 60° (d) 50°

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Assessment Test III Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

(A) ∠AOC + reflex ∠AOC = 360°

(a) 26 (b) 36 (c) 40 (d) 50

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In the given figure, ABCD . What will be the value of y?

(a) 30° (b) 40° (c) 60° (d) 90°

Find the number of diagonals of a 12-sided polygon.

5. Find the sum of the interior angles of a polygon of 1947 sides.

An equilateral triangle has _________ line(s) symmetric.

Which of the following is/are point symmetry?

(c) (d) All of these

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(a) 120° (b) 130° (c) 140° (d) 150°

(a) 65° (b) 70° (c) 80° (d) 90°

(a) 60° (b) 80°

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13. An equilateral triangle ABC is constructed on the diagonal of a square ADCE

(a) 120° (b) 135° (c) 150° (d) 165°

14. Which of the following is not an exterior angle of a regular polygon?

15. Match the statements of Column A with those of Column B.

(a) (i) → (D), (ii) → (C), (iii) → (A), (iv) → (B)

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Assessment Test IV Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

(A) ∠BAD + ∠BCD = ∠BCD + ∠DCX

(a) 30 (b) 60 (c) 20 (d) 40

3. In the given figure, AB EF . Find the value of y.

(a) 10° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 20°

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Find the number of diagonals of a 21-sided polygon.

A parallelogram has _______ line(s) of symmetry.

Assessment Test I 6.1

CHAPTER 3 Mensuration3.1 Assessment Test I 7.1

Assessment Test II Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test III Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test IV Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test II Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test III Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test IV Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test II Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test III Time: 30 min. Space for rough work

Assessment Test IV Time: 30 min. Space for rough work