THE INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY(IU) - VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HCMC

FINAL EXAMINATION
June 13, 2016
Duration: 120 minutes
SUBJECT:
CALCULUS 2 for BT
Head of Department of Mathematics Lecturer:

Signature: Signature:

Assoc.Prof.DrSc. Nguyen Dinh Prof. N. V. Thu and N. Dinh

INSTRUCTIONS: • Each student is allowed a scientific calculator and a maximum

of two double-sided sheets of reference material (size A4 or similar), stapled together
and marked with his/her name and ID. All other documents and electronic devices are
forbidden.
• Students are not allowed to borrow anything (especially calculators and reference
material) from each other.

Question 1. [20 marks] Consider the following system of (Predator-Prey)

Lotka-Volterra equations :
dx
= −4x + 2xy
dt
dy
= 3y − xy.
dt
(a) Find the equilibrium point for this system of equations.
(b) Knowing that when x = 1 one has y = 1, find an equation relating x
and y.
Question 2. [20 marks] Find the solution of the initial problem:

dy 3
ex − ex y = x, y(0) = .
dx 4
Question 3. [20 marks] A factory production line is manufacturing bolts
using three machines A, B, and C. Machine A is responsible for 25%, machine
B for 35%, and machine C for the rest of the total outputs of the company.
It is known from previous experience that with the machines that: 5% of the
outputs from machines A is defective, and the corresponding percentage of
defective outputs from the machines B and C are 4% and 2%, respectively. A
bolt is chosen at random from the production line and found to be defective.
What is the probability that it (the chosen bolt) came from:
(a) machine A,
(b) machine B,
(c) machine C?

1
 Hint: Use Bayes’ formula. Let D = { defective bolts }, A = { bolts from machine A }.
To answer (a), calculate P (A|D).
Question 4. [20 marks] Solve the linear system:

dx
= 2x + 3y
dt
dy
= 2x + y. (1)
dt
Question 5. [20 marks]
(a) [10 marks] Use Euler’s method with step size h = 0.1 and n = 5 to
find an approximate solution of the following initial value equation:
dy
= sin(x + y) − ex , y(0) = 4.
dx
(b) [10 marks] Suppose that two fair dice are rolled. Find the probability
of the event: The sum of the result is 11 or the second die shows a
6.

∗ ∗ ∗ END OF QUESTION PAPER ∗ ∗ ∗

2
 Answer key
Final Exam Cal 2 BT, Semester 1, 2015-2016

Question 1 [20 marks] Consider the following system of (Predator-Prey)

Lotka-Volterra equations :
dx
= −4x + 2xy
dt
dy
= 3y − xy.
dt
(a) Find the equilibrium point for this system of equations.
(b) Knowing that when x = 1 one has y = 1, find an equation relating x
and y.
ANS. (a) [10 marks] The equilibrium point(s) of the systems is/are
nontrivial solution(s) of the system (i.e., neither x or y equals 0) dx
dt
= 0, dy
dt
or,
2x(y − 2) = 0
y(3 − x) = 0,
which is x = 3, y = 2.
dy
dy y(3−x)
(b) [10 marks] • We have dx = dx
dt
= x(2y−4) , and hence, separating the
dt
variables yields
2y − 4 3−x
dy = dx, or,
y x
Z   Z  
4 3
2− dy = − 1 dx + C.
y x
Evaluating the integrals gives (note that x and y are all positive)
2y − 4 ln y = 3 ln x − x + C.
• When x = 1, y = 1, the last relation gives:
2 − 4(0) = 3(0) − 1 + C,
and hence, C = 3. The desired relation is
x + 2y − 4 ln y − 3 ln x = 3.

Question 2 [20 marks] Find the solution of the initial problem:

dy
ex − ex y = x,
dx
3
y(0) = 3/4.
ANS. The equation can be rewritten as:
dy
− y = xe−x .
dx
• Integration factor: R
−1dx
I(x) = e = e−x .
• Multiplying both sides of the equation by the integration factor, one gets
 0
e−x y = xe−2x ,
x

and we get Z
−x
e y= xe−2x dx.

• Integration by parts with u = x, dv = e−2x dx, du = dx, v = − 21 e−2x .

Z
−x x −2x 1 −2x
e y = − e + e dx
2 2
x 1
= − e−2x − e−2x + C
2 4
x −x 1 −x
y = − e − e + Cex .
2 4
• The initial condition y(0) = 3/4 gives 3/4 = − 14 + C and so, C = 1.
• After all,
xe−x e−x
y=− − + ex .
2 4

Question 3. [20 marks] A factory production line is manufacturing bolts

using three machines A, B, and C. Machine A is responsible for 25%, machine
B for 35%, and machine C for the rest of the total outputs of the company.
It is known from previous experience that with the machines that: 5% of
the outputs from machines A is defective, and the corresponding percent of
defective outputs from Machines B and C are 4% and 2%, respectively. A
bolt is chosen at random from the production line and found to be defective.
What is the probability that it (the chosen bolt) came from:
(a) machine A,
(b) machine B,
(c) machine C?

ANS. Let D = { bolt is defective }, A = { bolt from machine A },B =

{ bolt from machine B },C = { bolt from machine C }. We know that P (A) =

4
0.25, P (B) = 0.35 and P (C) = 0.4. Also, P (D|A) = 0.05, P (D|B = 0.04), P (D|C) =
0.02. A statement of Bayes’ Theorem for three events is
P (D|A)P (A)
P (A|D) =
P (D|A)P (A) + P (D|B)P (B) + P (D|C)P (C
0.05 × 0.25
= = 0.362
0.05 × 0.25 + 0.04 × 0.35 + 0.02 × 0.0.4
Similarly, P (B|D) = 0.406 and P (C|D) = 0.232).

Question 4. [20 marks] Solve the linear system:

dx
= 2x + 3y
dt
dy
= 2 + y.
dt

ANS. Let    
2 3 x
A := , X := .
2 1 y
Then the system (2) can be written as dX dt
= AX.
• We first find the eigenvalues of the matrix of coefficients A. They are
solutions of the characteristic equation
 
2 − λ 3 
det(A − λI) =  =0
2 1 − λ

which are λ1 = −1 and λ2 = 4.

• An eigenvector corresponding to λ1 = −1: When λ1 = −1, the corre-
sponding eigenvector X = (x, y)T is a solution of the system:
    
3 3 x 0
(A − λ1 I)X = 0, or , = , or, equivalently,
2 2 y 0
 
1
x = −y. Choose X1 = .
−1  
3
• Similarly, with λ2 = 4, we can choose a eigenvector: X2 = .
  2
1 3
• Set P := . By an easy calculation we get the inverse matrix
−1 2
A−1 of A:    
−1 1 2 −3 −1 −1 0
A = , and P AP = .
5 1 1 0 4

5
  
v
• Let X = P Y = P . Then the system (2) now becomes
w
 dv    
dY dt −1 −1 0 v
= dw = P AP Y = ,
dt dt
0 4 w
or equivalently,
dv
= −v (2)
dt
dw
= 4w. (3)
dt
which gives (system (2) and (3)) solutions: v = C1 e−t and w = C2 e4t for all
C1 , C2 ∈ R.
• and so, the solution of the system (2) is

C1 e−t
    
x 1 3
X= = PY =
y −1 2 C2 e4t
C1 e−t + 3C2 e4t
 
= .
−C1 e−t + 2C2 e4t

Question 5.
(a) [10 marks] Step 1:
Start at initial value (0,4) and calculate the value of the derivative at this
point, we have:
dy
= sin(x + y) − ex = sin(0 + 4) − e0 = −1.7568
dx
Substitute our starting point and the found derivative to receive the next
point along
y(x + h) ≈ y(x) + hf (x, y)
y(0.1) ≈ 4 + 0.1(−1.7568) ≈ 3.8243
Step 2
Now we calculate the value of derivative at this new point (0.1, 3.8243)
dy
= sin(x + y) − ex = sin(0.1 + 3.8243) − e0 .1 = −1.8104
dx
Once again we substitute the current point and the derivative we have just
found to obtain the next point along.

y(x + h) ≈ y(x) + hf (x, y)

6
 y(0.2) ≈ 3.8243 + 0.1(−1.8104) ≈ 3.6432
We proceed for the required number of steps and obtain the values in bellow
table
dy
x y dx
0 4 −1.7568
0.1 3.8243 −1.8104
0.2 3.6433 −1.8669
0.3 3.2639 −1.9269
0.4 3.2634 −1.9907

SOLUTION 2. The equation:

dy
= sin(x + y) − ex , y(0) = 4.
dx
The interval considered: [0, 0.4], h = 0.1 , (x0 , y0 ) = (0, 4). Set

g(x, y) = sin(x + y) − ex .

One has
xi+1 = xi + h = xi + 0.1, yi+1 = yi + g(xi , yi )h.
Starting from (x0 , y0 ) = (0, 4), we get the table below:

x y
0 4
0.1 3.8243
0.2 3.6433
0.3 3.2639
0.4 3.2634

(b) [10 marks] Suppose that two fair dice are rolled. Find the probability
of the event: The sum of the result is 11 or the second die shows a
6.
ANS. Let A represent the event ”the sum of the result is 11” and B
represent the event ”The second die shows a 6”. We have:

A = {6−5, 5−6}; B = {1−6, 2−6, 3−6, 4−6, 5−6, 6−6}, A∩B = {5−6}.

The sample space has 36 possible outcomes, and so,

2 1 6 1 1
P (A) = = , P (B) = = , P (A ∩ B) =
36 18 36 6 36

7
(note that A ∩ B means ”The sum of the result is 11 AND the second die
shows a 6” and A ∪ B means ”The sum of the result is 11 or the second die
shows a 6”).
After all,

P (A ∪ B) = P (A) + P (B) − P (A ∩ B)
1 1 1
= + −
18 6 36
7
= .
36

∗ ∗ ∗ END OF Solution ∗ ∗ ∗