International Journal of Educational

Science and Research (IJESR)

ISSN (P): 2249–6947; ISSN (E): 2249–8052
Vol. 11, Issue 1, Jun 2021, 47-58
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

EFFECT OF HEALTH PROMOTING SCHEMES JOINTLY OFFERED BY

GOVERNMENT OF GUJARAT ON IMPROVING THE ATTENDANCE AND
REDUCING DROPOUT RATE OF CHILDREN IN ANGANWADI OF GUJARAT
STATE

KRUNAL KUMAR CHUNILAL KAMANI

Anand Agricultural University (Gujarat), India
ABSTRACT

Gujarat has been a pioneering state in the field of dairy development. There are various nutrition interventions in
Gujarat focused on children, adolescent girls and expectant mothers. Some important schemes like Doodh Sanjeevani
Yojana (DSY), Take Home Ration (THR), etc. are jointly implemented by Government of Gujarat and Dairy
Cooperatives. It is aimed for improving the health of children in the state Government of Gujarat. The main objective of
this scheme is to prevent dropout’s ratio in schools, ensure regular attendance in government primary schools as well as
arrest malnutrition among children.The present study was conducted on 500 Aanganwadis receiving Doodh Sanjeevani

Original Article
Milk and Take Home Ration (THR) from various Dairy Milk Unions in Gujarat State.Gujarat state has 33 districts and
out of these, 25 district was randomly selected for this study. All 500 Anganwadis were divided in 25 District of Gujarat
state. So, all 500 Anganwadi Workers were included in the study. Data collection was carried out by preformed, pre-
structured, and pretested questionnaire by interview method. Data were compiled, tabulated and analysed to get proper
answers for objectives of the study. The statistical tools used were frequency and percentage and rank. This research
paper highlights the major Health promoting schemes jointly offered by Government of Gujarat on improving the
attendance and reducing dropout rate of children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State further this paper also highlights the
challenges and some fruitful suggestions are also pointed to improve the schemes to get better result.

KEYWORDS: Anganwadi worker, Attendance, Drop out ration, Doodh Sanjeevani Yojana (DSY) & Take Home Ration
(THR)

Received: Feb 26, 2021; Accepted: Mar 16, 2021; Published: Mar 23, 2021; PaperId.: IJESRJUN20216

1. INTRODUCTION

Gujarat has been a pioneering state in the field of dairy development. Milk production and per capita availability of
milk in India is 187.7 (Million Tonnes) and 394 (gms/day) in 2018-19. Gujarat has milk production of 14.493
(Million Tonnes) and Per Capita Availability of 626 (gms/day) in 2018-19 (Source NDDB). There are various
nutrition interventions in Gujarat focused on children, adolescent girls and expectant mothers. Some important
schemes like Doodh Sanjeevani Yojana (DSY), Take Home Ration (THR), etc. are jointly implemented by
Government of Gujarat and Dairy Cooperatives. It is aimed for improving the health of children in the state
Government of Gujarat (Tribal Development Department). The main objective of this scheme is to prevent
dropout’s ratio in schools, ensure regular attendance in government primary schools as well as arrest malnutrition
among children. Take Home Ration (THR) worth around Rs 6,000 crore. The Gujarat government has decided to
rope in Amul to tackle the problem of malnourishment among kids, adolescent girls and expectant mothers in the

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48 Krunalkumar Chunilal Kamani

state. The Gujarat government has an agreement with the dairy cooperative to buy energy dense micro-nutrient fortified
food. In order to evaluate the effect of these schemes research was conducted on 500 Aanganwadis from 25 districts of
Gujarat receiving Doodh Sanjeevani Milk and Take Home Ration from various Dairy Milk Unions in Gujarat State. The
Anganwadi Worker (AWW) is the community based voluntary frontline worker of the Integrated Child Development
Services (ICDS) program. This research paper highlights the major Health promoting schemes jointly offered by
Government of Gujarat on improving the attendance and reducing dropout rate of children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State
further this paper also highlights the challenges and some fruitful suggestions are also pointed to improve the schemes to
get better result.

2. OBJECTIVES

 To analyse the regular attendance in Government Anganwadi / Primary schools in Gujarat state

 To analyse the dropout ratio in Anganwadi / Primary schools in Gujarat state

 Challenges / problems faced by you regarding Doodh SanjeevaniYojana and Take Home Ration (THR) Yojana

 Suggestions from Anganwadi worker to overcome such problems faced regarding Doodh Sanjeevani Yojana
(DSY) and Take Home Ration (THR) Yojana

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A Community based cross sectional study was done between December 2020 to February 2021 in urban and rural areas of
Gujarat state. Research was conducted on 500 Aanganwadis receiving Doodh Sanjeevani Milk and THR from various
Dairy Milk Unions in Gujarat State. Multistage sampling technique was followed for selection of district, talukas, villages
and Anganwadi Workers. Gujarat state has 33 districts and out of these 25 districts was randomly selected for this study.
All 500 Anganwadis were divided in 25 District of Gujarat state. So, all 500 workers were included in the study. Every
block has Child Development Project Officer (CDPO) as its head. Permission was taken from respective CDPO regarding
their concerned Anganwadis. Verbal consent of each AWW was taken before the interview, and nature and purpose of
study were explained to them. Data collection was carried out by preformed, pre-structured, and pretested online Google
form questionnaire by interview method.Data were compiled, tabulated and analysed to get proper answers for objectives
of the study. The statistical tools used were frequency and percentage and rank.

Impact Factor (JCC): 7.1094 NAAS Rating: 4.16

Effect of Health Promoting Schemes Jointly Offered by Government Of Gujarat On Improving the 49
Attendance And Reducing Dropout Rate of Children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State

4. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Table 1: Details of Respondents and Schemes(n=500)

Sr. Number of Students (Approx. Last Five Which of the following scheme offered at your
District
No. Year ) center
1 Ahmedabad 210 THR
2 Amreli 200 THR
3 Anand 275 THR
4 Arvalli 350 THR, DSY
5 Banaskantha 400 THR, DSY
6 Chhotaudepur 380 THR, DSY
7 Dahod 425 THR, DSY
8 Dang 210 THR, DSY
9 GirSomnath 375 THR
10 Jamnagar 225 THR
11 Junagadh 250 THR
12 Kutch 120 THR,DSY
13 Kheda 150 THR
14 Mahisagar 450 THR, DSY
15 Mehasana 210 THR
16 Narmada 400 THR, DSY
17 Navasari 250 THR, DSY
18 Patan 200 THR
19 Prorbandar 250 THR
20 Rajkot 360 THR
21 Sabarkantha 160 THR, DSY
22 Surendranagar 200 THR
23 Tapi 200 THR
24 Vadodara 280 THR
25 Valsad 350 THR

A Community based cross sectional study was done between December 2020 to February 2021 in urban and rural
areas of Gujarat state. Research was conducted on 500 Aanganwadis receiving Doodh Sanjeevani Milk and THR from
various Dairy Milk Unions in Gujarat State.

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Table 2: Improvement in Play Group Attendance after Launch of Scheme(n=500)

Sr.No. Play group Frequency Percentage
1 Highly Improved 180 36.00
2 Slight Improved 274 54.80
3 Neither Improved nor Declined 45 09.00
4 Slightly Declined 01 00.20
5 High Declined 00 00.00
Total 500 100.00

The data given in Table 2 illustrated that (54.80 per cent) of the play group of child had slight improvement in
attendance after the launch of scheme, while 36.00 per cent and 09.00 per cent of them had highly improved and neither
improved nor declined, respectively. Only 00.20 per cent and 0.00 per cent of the play group of child had slightly declined
and high declined.

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50 Krunalkumar Chunilal Kamani

Table 3: Improvement in Nursery attendance after launch of scheme (n=500)

Improvement in Nursery Attendance after the Launch of Scheme
Sr. No. Nursery Frequency Percentage
1 Highly Improved 172 34.40
2 Slight Improved 272 54.40
3 Neither Improved nor Declined 54 10.80
4 Slightly Declined 02 00.40
5 High Declined 0 00.00
Total 500 100.00

The data given in Table 3 indicated that (54.40 per cent) of the nursery group of child had slight improvement in
attendance after the launch of scheme, while 34.40 per cent and 10.80 per cent of them had highly improved and neither
improved nor declined, respectively. Only 00.40 per cent and 0.000 per cent of the nursery group of child had slightly
declined and high declined.

Impact Factor (JCC): 7.1094 NAAS Rating: 4.16

Effect of Health Promoting Schemes Jointly Offered by Government Of Gujarat On Improving the 51
Attendance And Reducing Dropout Rate of Children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State

Table 4: Improvement in Preprimary Education Attendance after Launch of scheme (n=500)

Improvement in Preprimary Education Attendance after the launch of scheme
Sr.No. Preprimary education Frequency Percentage
1 Highly Improved 172 34.40
2 Slight Improved 279 55.80
3 Neither Improved nor Declined 49 09.80
4 Slightly Declined 01 00.20
5 High Declined 00 00.00
Total 500 100.00

The data given in Table 4 illustrated that (55.80 per cent) of the preprimary education group of child had slight
improvement in attendance after the launch of scheme, while 34.40 per cent and 09.80 per cent of them had highly
improved and neither improved nor declined, respectively. Only 00.20 per cent and 00.00 per cent of the preprimary
education group of child had slightly declined and high declined.

Table 5: Reduction in Play group dropout after the launch of scheme (n=500)
Reduction in Play group dropout after the launch of scheme
Sr.No. Play group Frequency Percentage
1 Highly Reduce 187 37.40
2 Slight Reduce 248 49.60
3 Neither Improved nor Declined 63 12.60
4 Slightly Increase 00 00.00
5 High Increase 02 0.40
Total 500 100

The data given in Table 5 indicated that (49.60 per cent) of the play group of child had slight reduce in dropout
after the launch of scheme, while 37.40 per cent and 12.060 per cent of them had highly improved and neither improved
nor declined, respectively. Only 00.00 per cent and 00.40 per cent of the play group child had slightly declined and high
declined.

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52 Krunalkumar Chunilal Kamani

Table 6: Reduction in Nurserydropout after the launch of scheme (n=500)

Reduction in Nursery dropout after the launch of scheme
Sr.No. Nursery Frequency Percentage
1 Highly Reduce 169 33.80
2 Slight Reduce 248 49.60
3 Neither Improved nor Declined 69 13.80
4 Slightly Increase 14 02.80
5 High Increase 00 00.00
Total 500 100

The data given in Table 6shows that (49.60 per cent) of the nursery group of child had slight reduce in dropout
after the launch of scheme, while 33.80 per cent and 13.80 per cent of them had highly improved and neither improved nor
declined, respectively. Only 02.80 per cent and 00.00 per cent of the play nursery child had slightly declined and high
declined.

Table 7: Reduction in Preprimary education dropout after the launch of scheme (n=500)

Impact Factor (JCC): 7.1094 NAAS Rating: 4.16

Effect of Health Promoting Schemes Jointly Offered by Government Of Gujarat On Improving the 53
Attendance And Reducing Dropout Rate of Children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State

Reduction in Preprimary dropout after the launch of scheme

Sr.No. Preprimary education Frequency Percentage
1 Highly Reduce 181 36.20
2 Slight Reduce 254 50.80
3 Neither Improved nor Declined 63 12.60
4 Slightly Increase 00 00.00
5 High Increase 02 0.40
Total 500 100

The data given in Table 7reveals that (50.80 per cent) of the preprimary education group of child had slight reduce
in reduction in dropout after the launch of scheme, while 36.20 per cent and 12.60 per cent of them had highly improved
and neither improved nor declined, respectively. Only 00.00 per cent and 00.40 per cent of the preprimary education group
of child had slightly declined and high declined.

Table 8: Challenges/Problems faced by you regarding Doodh SanjeevaniYojana (n=500)

Sr. No. Challenges/Problems faced by you regarding Doodh SanjeevaniYojana Frequency Per cent Rank
1 Many children did not prefer sweetened milk 94 18.80 6
2 Milk is given five days a week 256 51.20 1
3 lack of sufficient storage facilities 128 25.60 3
4 low awareness about scheme 57 11.40 9
5 Inadequate supervision 28 05.60 10
6 Lack of transportation facilities in the rural area 106 21.20 5
7 The children’s don't get together in time 158 31.60 2
8 A bag of milk is given of 200 ml 112 22.40 4
9 Poor management in some rural area 88 17.60 7
10 No problem 60 12.00 8

There might be many Challenges/Problemson the path of Anganwadi Workers regarding Doodh Sanjeevani
Yojana. If such constraints are identifies, corrective measures can be taken up. With this in view, the Anganwadi Workers
were requested to express their Challenges/Problems regarding Doodh SanjeevaniYojana. Frequency, percentage and rank

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54 Krunalkumar Chunilal Kamani

for each constraint were calculated. The data in this regard are presented in Table 8.

As seen from the Table 8, the major important Challenges/Problems faced by the Anganwadi Workers regarding
Doodh SanjeevaniYojana were: Milk is given five days a week (51.20 per cent), the children’s don't get together in time
(31.60 per cent), lack of sufficient storage facilities (25.60 per cent), a bag of milk is given of 200 ml (22.40 per cent), lack
of transportation facilities in the rural area (21.20 per cent), many children did not prefer sweetened milk (18.80 per cent),
poor management in some rural area (17.60 per cent), no problem (12.00 per cent), low awareness about scheme (11.40 per
cent), inadequate supervision (05.60 per cent).

Table 9: Suggestions regarding Doodh SanjeevaniYojana (DSY)?(n=500)

Sr. Per
Suggestions regarding Doodh SanjeevaniYojana (DSY)? Frequency Rank
No. cent
1 Flavoring of the milk might also help the milk consumption 156 31.20 5
2 Supply of fruits in addition to milk 145 29.00 6
3 Milk provide at home. 110 22.00 9
4 To create Awareness about the scheme 70 14.00 10
5 AWCs need to be made child friendly. 500 100 1
6 Improve transportation facilities 200 40.00 4
Communities have also requested for more supplements to be
7 272 54.40 2
added to the scheme.
8 Better infrastructure ensuring provision of the basic resources 138 27.60 7
9 Milk is given all day of the week 250 50.00 3
10 It is better to give a bag of milk of 100 ml 120 24.00 8
11 No suggestion 58 11.60 11

An attempt was also made to ascertain suggestions from the Anganwadi workers to overcome various constraints
faced by them in Doodh SanjeevaniYojana (DSY). The Anganwadi workers requested to offer their valuable suggestions
against difficulties faced by them in Doodh SanjeevaniYojana (DSY). The suggestions given by the Anganwadi workers
were collected, summarized and presented in Table 9.

The major suggestions as endorsed by the Anganwadi workers to overcome their constraints in Doodh
SanjeevaniYojana (DSY) were: AWCs need to be made child friendly (100. 00 per cent), communities have also requested
for more supplements to be added to the scheme (54.40 per cent), milk is given all day of the week (50.00 per cent),
improve transportation facilities (40.00 per cent), flavoring of the milk might also help the milk consumption (31.20 per
cent), supply of fruits in addition to milk (29.00 per cent), better infrastructure ensuring provision of the basic resources
(27.60 per cent), it is better to give a bag of milk of 100 ml (24.00 per cent), milk provide at home (22.00 per cent), no
suggestion (11.60 per cent).

Impact Factor (JCC): 7.1094 NAAS Rating: 4.16

Effect of Health Promoting Schemes Jointly Offered by Government Of Gujarat On Improving the 55
Attendance And Reducing Dropout Rate of Children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State

Table 10: Challenges/Problems faced by you regarding THR(n=500)

Per
Sr. No. Challenges/Problems faced by you regarding THR Frequency Rank
cent
1 Many children did not prefer flavor of food 123 24.60 2
2 Migration is main issue in rural area 128 25.60 1
3 Lack of help from community 80 16.00 5
4 Irregular supply by local distributers 56 11.20 7
5 Lack of sufficient storage facilities 70 14.00 6
6 Inadequate supervision 28 05.60 9
7 Poor management in some rural area 88 17.60 4
8 Monotonous food habit of children 100 20.00 3
9 No problem 50 10.00 8

There might be many Challenges/Problemson the path of Anganwadi Workersregarding THR. If such constraints
are identifies, corrective measures can be taken up. With this in view, the Anganwadi Workers were requested to express
their Challenges / Problems regarding THR. Frequency, percentage and rank for each constraint were calculated. The data
in this regard are presented in Table 10.

As seen from the Table 10, the major important Challenges / Problems faced by the Anganwadi Workersregarding
THR were: Migration is main issue in rural area (25.60 per cent), many children did not prefer flavor of food (24.60 per
cent), monotonous food habit of children (20.00 per cent), poor management in some rural area (17.60 per cent), lack of
help from community (16.00 per cent), lack of sufficient storage facilities (14.00 per cent), irregular supply by local
distributers (11.20 per cent), no problem (10.00 per cent), inadequate supervision (05.60 per cent).

Table 11: Suggestions regarding Take Home Ration (THR) Yojana(n=500)

Sr. Frequenc Per Ran
No. Suggestions regarding Take Home Ration (THR) Yojana y cent k
1 Prefer flavor food for children 125 25.00 2
2 Quality of supplementary nutrient to be improve 60 12.00 7
3 To develop basic infrastructure facilities at AWC 89 17.80 5
4 Improved access to THR product in rural areas 110 22.00 3
5 To create Awareness about the scheme 58 11.60 9
6 Regular supervision and training. 67 13.40 6
7 Keeping the THR off the ground and away from walls to avoid water damage 28 05.60 10
500 100.0 1
8 AWCs need to be made child friendly. 0
Communities have also requested for more supplements to be added to the 108 21.60 4
9 scheme
10 No suggestion 54 12.00 8

An attempt was also made to ascertain suggestions from the Anganwadi workers to overcome various constraints
faced by them inTake Home Ration (THR) Yojana. The Anganwadi workers requested to offer their valuable suggestions
against difficulties faced by them in Take Home Ration (THR) Yojana. The suggestions given by the Anganwadi workers
were collected, summarized and presented in Table 11.

The major suggestions as endorsed by the Anganwadi workers to overcome their constraints in Take Home Ration
(THR) Yojana were: AWCs need to be made child friendly (100.00 per cent), Prefer flavor food for children (25.00 per

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56 Krunalkumar Chunilal Kamani

cent), improved access to THR product in rural areas (22.00 per cent), communities have also requested for more
supplements to be added to the scheme (21.60 per cent), to develop basic infrastructure facilities at AWC (17.80 per cent),
Regular supervision and training (13.40 per cent), Quality of supplementary nutrient to be improve (12.00 per cent), No
suggestion (12.00) , To create Awareness about the scheme (11.60 per cent) and Keeping the THR off the ground and
away from walls to avoid water damage (05.60 per cent).

6. CONCLUSIONS

It can be concluded that vast majority (90.80 per cent) of the play group of child had improvement in attendance after the
launch of scheme. While 90.20 per cent and 88.80 per cent of the preprimary education and nursery group of child had
improvement in attendance after the launch of scheme.

It can be concluded that vast majority (87.00 per cent) of the play and preprimary group of child had reduce in
dropout after the launch of scheme, while (83.40 per cent) of the nursery group of child had reduce in dropout after the
launch of scheme.

Major important Challenges/Problems faced by the Anganwadi Workersregarding THR were: Migration is main
issue in rural area (25.60 per cent); many children did not prefer flavor of food (24.60 per cent) and monotonous food habit
of children (20.00 per cent).

The major suggestions as endorsed by the Anganwadi workers to overcome their constraints in Take Home Ration
(THR) Yojana were: AWCs need to be made child friendly (100.00 per cent), Prefer flavor food for children (25.00 per
cent) and improved access to THR product in rural areas (22.00 per cent).

Application of research: 1, 2 sentences

The findings of the study will be greatly helpful to academicians and policy makers in understanding the
effectiveness of Doodh Sanjeevani, Take Home RationYojanaand challenges/problems faced by Anganwadi Workers of
the Gujarat state.This research paper highlights the major Health promoting schemes jointly offered by Government of
Gujarat on improving the attendance and reducing dropout rate of children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State further this paper
also highlights the challenges and some fruitful suggestions are also pointed to improve the schemes to get better result.

Research Category: 1,2 Keywords

Survey and Descriptive Study

Abbreviations:

 AWCs: Anganwadi Center

 AWW: Anganwadi Workers

 CDPO: Child Development Project Officer

 DSY: Doodh SanjeevaniYojana

 ICDS: Integrated Child Development Services

 ICSSR: Indian Council of Social Science Research

Impact Factor (JCC): 7.1094 NAAS Rating: 4.16

Effect of Health Promoting Schemes Jointly Offered by Government Of Gujarat On Improving the 57
Attendance And Reducing Dropout Rate of Children in Anganwadi of Gujarat State

 IMPRESS scheme: Impactful Policy Research in Social Science

 MHRD: Ministry of Human Resource Development

 NDDB: National Dairy Development Board

 THR: Take Home Ration

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT/FUNDING:

The author sincerely acknowledge the support of Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), Ministry of Human
Resource Development (MHRD) Impactful Policy Research in Social Science (IMPRESS scheme) - Government of India,
Anand Agricultural University - Anand, SMC College of Dairy Science, Dairy Business Management Department and Dr.
KaransinhParmar (Research Assistant), Mr. SiddharthGor(Filed Investigator) for data collection and analysisand the
support of all the respondents in this study.

Author Contributions

Author statement

All authors read, reviewed, agreed and approved the final manuscript. Note-All authors agreed that- Written informed
consent was obtained from all participants prior to publish / enrolment.

Study area/Sample Collection:Gujarat state

Cultivar/Variety/Breed name:NA

Conflict of Interest: None declared:NA

Ethical approval:NA

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58 Krunalkumar Chunilal Kamani

8. https://doah.gujarat.gov.in/dairy-development.htm

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Impact Factor (JCC): 7.1094 NAAS Rating: 4.16