SHS

TECHNOLOGY AND
LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION

SMAW NCI
Localized Learning Module for Senior High School
 Quarter 1 Module Week 5-6
 
 

Name of Student: _________________________ Grade & Section: ____

 
School: ___________________________________________________________

Introductory Message
 TECHNICAL VOCATIONAL AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION
SMAW NC I FOR SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
MODULE 1.Measuring instruments
WEEK-5 and
6 2.Carry out measuring instruments and
calculations

What I Need to Know

In this module you will learn to independently performs accurate
measurements and calculation based on given tasks.

What Is It
Performing industry calculations- It is the mathematics that underlies facets of
science, technology and industry, from shop work, culinary arts, computer
games,cellular phones and the internet to medical diagnostic tests, the design of
new buildings and minimally invasive surgery.

Mathematical skills are important for people in a modern society for their use in
the workplace, business and finance; and for personal decision-making. These skills
provide tools for understanding science, engineering, technology and economics.

It is obviously just a matter of time before the bulk of workforce will require a much
higher level of problem- solving skills than is currently evident. We must, therefore,
strive to increase math skills so that we can take advantage of the considerable
opportunities that will exist in tomorrow’s labor market.

Among others, therefore, this module covers the knowledge and skills you will
require to calculate quantity/size/cost of materials or parts, and convert systems of
measurements, using formulas and other methods.

BASIC OPERATIONS

There are four (4) basic mathematical operations:

+(Addition)

Ex. 16+2=18

The sum of 16 and 2 is 18

-(Subtraction)

Ex. 16-2=14

The difference of 16 and 2 is 4

X(Multiplication)

Ex. 16x2=32

The product of 16 and 2 is 32

/(Division)
Ex. 16/2=8

The quotient of 16 and 2 is 8

Order of Operations

To perform the order of operations in the right order, remember PEMDAS, which
stands for Parenthesis, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition-Subtraction.

P- Start by working inside parenthesis, innermost first.

E- Simplify any exponent expression next.

M,D- Then perform all multiplication and division function, from the left to right, as
they appear.

A,S- Finally work all addition and subtraction functions from left to right.

Ex. What is 2+3x4?

Calculate it mentally first, and then try it in your calculator. If either answer is 20,
then think again! The CORRECT answer is 14. Here’s why:

Correct Computation: 2+(3x4)=2=12=14

Ex. Lets apply PEMDAS in 3+4x6-2 from the previous section?

Again the multiplication has to be done first:

3+4x6-2=3+(4x6)-2

4x6=24

Therefore, 3+24-2=25

Working with Fractions

Fractions are another way of expressing division. The expression 12/3 is equal to 4
because 12 is divided by 3 is 4.

Let’s check for the correctness. 3x4 =12. This is an equivalent statement.

Now you have your proper fractions, where the numerator (number on top) is
smaller than the denominator (number at the bottom), like 5/12. Fractions like
these are equivalent to numbers that are less than one (1).

On the other hand, there are improper fractions like 19/8. Think of three (3)
cakes, each cut into eight (8) slices. Each slice is one-eighth, or 1/8. So, 19 slices
would be the same as 16 slices and 3 more slices; or two (2) cakes and three (3)
extra slices.

Therefore, we discover that 19/8=2+3/8. This is written as 2 3/8, called a mixed

number.

To convert 19/8, you perform division; the quotient is 2 remainder 3, or 2 with 3

left over; thus 2 3/8.

If you have a mixed number like 3 ½ , you do the reverse: (3 x 2) +1=6+1=7; so 7/2

Fractions can be put into lowest terms, meaning you can cancel out common
factors at the top and bottom. For example:
 6/8=(2x3)/ (2x4)

You observe a common factor 2, which should be cancelled, leaving you with ¾.

6/8=3/4

Thus, six – eighths equals three- fourths.

Examples of fraction operations:

Multiplying:

(3/4) x (5/6)= (3x5)/(4x6)

= 15/24

= (3x5) / (3x8) {cancel out 3}

= 5/8 in lowest terms

Dividing:

(3/4)/(5/6) = (3/4)x (6/5)

= 18/20

= (2x9) / (2x10) {cancel out 2}

= 9/10 in lowest terms

Adding:

(3/4) + (5/6) = 3/4 = 5/6 (common denominator is 12 because it is the smallest

number divisible by both 4 and 6)

= (3/4 x 3)+ (5/6x2)

= (9/12) + (10/12)

= (9/10) /12 = 19/12

= 1 7/12 in lowest terms

Percentage and Decimals

The figure % is a percent sign, meaning divided by 100.

Example: 25% = 25/100= ¼

To convert a percentage to a decimal, divided by 100.

Example: 25% = 25/100 = 0.25

To convert a decimal to a percentage , multiplying by 100 (just move the decimal

point 2 places to the right).

Examples: 0.065 = 6.5% 3.75=375%

To find a percentage of a number, just multiply:

Example: 30% of 40

= (30/100)(40)
 = 0.3 x 40 =12

To find what percent a number is of another, divide them:

Example: ¾ = 0.75= 75%

Therefore, 3 is 75% of 4

To make a fraction into a decimal, you divide:

Example: ¾ = 0.75 = 75%

Decimals already stand for fractions: 0.23 means 23/100, and 0.6 means 6/10 or
3/5.

Rounding decimals to a certain accuracy or number of decimal places.

For example, 5.1837 to the nearest hundredth would be 5.18 (round down), while to
the nearest three places would be 5.184 (round up because of 7).

Order matters when calculating and rounding (vs. rounding then calculating):

3.7 + 2.6--> 4+3--> 7 rounding first to the nearest whole number then adding.

3.7 + 2.6--> 6.3--> 6 adding first and then rounding at the end.

Which is correct? The second one really, but the first one is quicker for rough work.

Significant Digits measure overall relative accuracy of a value: For example, the
approximate number 3.85 has 3 significant digits, while 0.00034 has only two. In
this case we would consider 18.40 as ,more accurate than 18.4 (4 significant digits
to 3.)

What I Have Learned

Activity 1
BASIC MATH OPERATION EXERCISE:

1.37+12 = 6.17X18=

2.17X18= 7. 13X12=

3.374-22= 8.62+4=

4.272/8= 9.416+41=

5.252/18= 10.999-55=

Activity 2
Perform calculations on the following equations:

1. 3+6x(5+4)/3-7
2. 9-5/(8-3)x2+6

3. 13 + 9
24 24

4. 10 + 9
21 24
5.7 - 13
10 14
6.6 45 15
10 X 18 X 48
7.3/8 ÷ 18 ÷ 5/24 ÷ 1/10
8. 5/18 ÷ 10/9 ÷ ¼

Activity 3
Percentage and Decimals
1.0.5=
2.0.2=
3.25%
4.75%
5.0.25=
6.0.6=
7.0.1=
8.0.4=
9.10%
10.20%

ASSESSMENT

Solve the problem:

1. 153x47
2. 6432+749
3. 3674-1984
4. 340/34
5. 4/5+6/7
6. 4/5+6/7
7. 4+7/3-1
8. 10/21+9/24
9. 7/10-3/13
10. 6/10x45/18x15/48

Change to Fraction
11. 0.5=
12. 0.25=
13. 0.75=
14. 0.1=
15. 0.4=
16. 10%=
17. 5%=
18. 20%=
19. 25%=
20. 1%=
Change to Decimals
21. 25%=
22. 50%=
23. 75%=
24. 10%=
25. 20%=
26. ½=
27. ¾=
28. ¼=
29. 1/5=
30. 1/10=
31. 0.25=
32. 0.75=
33. 0.1=
34. 0.2=
35. 0.4=
36. ½=
37. ¾=
38. ¼=
39. 2/5=
40. 1/5=

ANSWER KEY
1. 153 X 47 = 7,191
2. 6,432 + 749 = 7,181
3. 3674 – 1984 = 1,690
4. 340 ÷ 34 = 10
5. 4+ 6X5 – 3 = 31
6. 4/5 + 6/7 = 58/35
7. 4 + 7 ÷ 3 – 1 = 16/3
8. 10/21 + 9/24 = 143/168
9. 7/10 – 3/14 = 95/14
10. 6/10 X 45/18 X 15/48 = 15/32
11. 0.5 = ½
12. 0.25 = ¼
13. 0.75 = ¾
14. 0.1 = 1/10
15. 0.4 = 2/5
16. 10% = 1/10
17. 5% = 1/20
18. 20% = 1/5
19. 25% = ¼
20. 1% = 1/100
21. 25% = 0.25
22. 50% = 0.50
23. 75% = 0.75
24. 10% = 0.10
25. 20% = 0.20
26. ½ = 0.5
27. ¾ = 0.75
 28. ¼ = 0.25
29. 1/5 = 0.2
30. 1/10 = 0.1
31. 0.25 = 25%
32. 0.75 = 75%
33. 0.1 = 10%
34. 0.2 = 20%
35. 0.4 = 40%
36. ½ = 50
37. ¾ = 75%
38. ¼ = 25%
39. 2/5 = 40%
40. 1/5 = 20

Reference: SMAW NCI

Common Welding Competencies(Book1)

By: The Editorial Committee