Glass Production Data

Worldwide Glass Trends
Jorma Vitkala, GPD Chairman

Jorma.vitkala@gpd.fi
+358 40 5532042
Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Source: www.gpd.fi © Jorma Vitkala, GPD
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Worldwide Glass Trends -
Summary from GPD 2017
• I have gone through 180 presentations and over 10 000 PowerPoint

slides from the GPD 2017
• I have selected the most important trends from different areas.
Ebook available at
www.gpd.fi

GPDs impressive record - 25 years
GPD 1992 - 2017

• 14 600 delegates
• 1 180 speakers
• 3 100 presentations
• 10 000 pages of technical
documents

Source: www.gpd.fi ©
GPD 2017 - 25 years
• GPD 2017 registered a total of 657 participants in Tampere
Top of that 160 specialists at the high-rise seminar in Helsinki.
• Total over 817 participants
• 16 focused workshops with all together 402 specialists
attending were organized preceding the GPD.

”Knowledge grows when knowledge is shared”
• - The Indian poet Bhartrihari
c.670 CE

Architect speakers during the GPD history
• Thomas Herzog • Octatube – M. Eekhout
• Herzog & de Meuron - Stefan Goedderte • Snohetta – Peter French
• SOM – K. Boswell, L. Follman, C. Timm, N. Holt, E. Tomich • AKKA –architects – Stephanie Akkaoui Hughes
• UN studio – A. Piper, R. Henderson • Mikkelsen Architects - Stig Mikkelsen
• BIG – Kai-Uwe Bergman, Claus Hermansen • Bohlin Cywinski Jackson architect – K. Backus
• SHoP architects – Kumar • Rafael Vinoly Architects
• Wener Sobek • Heintges Architects – Robert Heintges
• Ian Ritchie • Goettsch Partners – Patrick Loughran
• Foster + Partners – S. Behlin, R. Partington, Corti, Finnish speakers:
Kolkhoven
• Pallasmaa
• James Carpenter, D. Norris, L. Lowengs
• Nousjoki
• Henn architects – Gunter Henn
• Gronholm
• A. Compagno
• Mahlamäki
• Dominique Perrault
• Rautiola
• Klaus Daniels Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Automotive speakers during the GPD history
• Pininfarina - Lorentz Ramaciotti

• General Motors – D.Ablesson, D.Ruzzin
• Renault – M. Jordin
• PSA Peugeot Citroen – E.Even, G.Lozach
• Lancia Fiat / ED Design – M. Robinson
• Toyota – M. Kawase
• Ford – M.Massara, V.Henry

From a little acorn,
grows a mighty oak Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
UAE CUBA
INDIA
BRAZIL GPD 25 years
CHINA
• 15 conference in Finland
SINGAPORE
• 20 regional conferences
TURKEY
• International knowledge,
AZERBAIJAN • Local languages and markets
ENGLAND

GPD 2017 New Concept Layout

Step Change Program
Increase the clock speed of the industry
- Scott Thomsen & Russell Ebeid
Step Change brings together:

• New technologies
• Startups
• Innovation teams
• Business angels

GPD Finland Participant History
• Since 1992
 Over 14 600 participants in GPD events worldwide since 1992
 Over 1 200 speakers
 Over 3 100 presentations
 Over 10 000 pages of technical papers published
Worldwide Glass Market Trends

The world drastically changed during
these last 25 years:
• Internet
o Linkedin
o Google
o Facebook
o Twitter
• Portable telephone
• Renewable energies
• Planet climate change
• Terrorism
• 2008 financial crisis
Source: www.gpd.fi © Bernard Savaëte, BJS.Différences
Our industry changed during these last 25 years
1992 2017
150 float lines More than 500 lines
25 lines in China More than 250 lines
60% of production in EU + USA + Less than 20 % in
Japan EU + USA + Japan
4 Dominant companies New principals
322 Chinese patents More than 7000 Chinese
on glass patents on glass
80 Korean patents More than 1000
Downstream business is more
Producers were dominant
crucial than before
Selling prices decreased

During these 25 years float glass processes
have evolved:
• float lines nominal tonnage

• furnace campaign life
• oxy-combustion
• extra-thin glass
• special compositions

During these 25 years we have observed several
improvements in the fabrication processes:
• tempering line able to temper down to 2 mm

• complex bending for building & automobile
• lamination with or without autoclave
• digital printing on glass
• cold bending
• processing of XXL sizes.
• machinery able to process soft coatings
• automatic assembling of insulating glass units
• quality control on line during fabrication
• more automatization
• ....

2016 The Global demand for flat glass: ~73 million tonnes (~ 9.2 billion m2)
The global market value of flat glass: $90 billion
3,2 3,3
2,9
7,8 12,6 12,5
7,7 2,1
5,6 5,6 11,3
10,8
Russia&CIS
Europe
North America
Middle east- North Africa

23 float lines
44,2 47
39,6
2005 3 MENA Countries 25,4
2,4
2010 1,5 4,3
3,3 3,7
1,2
2013 1,1
Asia-Pasific
2016 South America

2005 2010 2013 2016
Global Flat Glass Production Capacity Development (Million tons) Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Source: www.gpd.fi © Sener Oktik, Şişecam
Growth of global demand for flat glass & geographical segmentation
In 2016, Demand: ~73 million tons (~ 9.2 billion m2) (dominated by China 51%)
2016 Geographical segmentation analysis Geographical segmentation of flat glass demand

(%) of gloabal market for flat glass ( ~ 9,2 growth
Billion m2) (billion square meters) 12. 030
China 51 14000
9. 600
12000
Europe 19
10000
7.535
Southeast Asia 8 8000
5. 491
6000 4. 497
North America 7
4000
South America 4
2000
Russia 6 0
2005 2010 2015 2020 2025
Others 5
North America Western Europe China
Total 100 Japan Other Asia/Pacific Other Regions

Coated flat glass at a glance
2016 The Global demand for flat glass:
~ 73 million tonnes
~ 9,2 billion m2*
Mirrored/Patterned/Extra Clear
10 %
2016 The Global demand

for coated flat glass:
Coated Flat
~ 20 million tonnes Gllass
~ 2,5 billion m2* 27 %
Anneald/Tou
ghhend/lami
nated
63 %
( *for a rough estimation; m2 /metric ton ≈125)

GLOBAL PRODUCTION & MARKET VOLUME AND PROJECTION TO 2021 FOR
COATED FLAT GLASS
Coated Flat glass 2015 2016 2021
Production
Million Tons ~19 ~20 ~25

CAGR~6.1%
Billion m2 (m2/metric ton ≈125) ~2,4 ~2,5 ~3,2
The Market ~24.4 ~25,8 CAGR~5,9% ~34,4

(Billion US Dolars)
GLOBAL PRODUCTİON CAPACITY

G L O B A L P R O D U C T İ O N C A PA C I T Y S H A R E SHARE (%) FOR COATED FLAT GLASS BY
F O R C O AT E D F L AT G L A S S BY R E G I O N ( % ) TECHNOLOGY
80
50 42,1 42,1 2016 2021 60,4 61,7 2016 2021
40 60
30,5 31,8
30 40 34,6 33,1
20 15,1 14,5
6,8 6,5 20
10 5,5 5,1 3 3,1 2 2,1
0 0
North Europe Asia-Pacific Sout ROW Magneton Pyrolitic Solgel Others
America America Sputtering
BCC Research, Wellesley MA USA, Website: www.bccresearch.com

2016 Global market for coated falt glass by applications
Coated Coated Solar

Auotomotive Etc.; 458tn - 2 % Other; 169tn - 1 %
Glass; 806tn - 4 %
Coated Architectural Glass;

17523tn -
93 %
(Thousand tons - %)

GLOBAL OUTLOOK OF COATED FLAT GLASS FOR ARCHITECTURAL
APPLICATION AND PROJECTION TO 2021
Residantial Buildings Commercial Buildings
25 000
23 437
PRODUCTION CAPACITY
(Thousand Tons)
20 000 17 523
16 561 9 702
15 000
7 467
7 099
10 000
13 735
5 000 9 462 10 056
-
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Residantial Buildings Commercial Buildings 31, 726
35 000
30 000
GLOBAL MARKET
23.850
(Billion US Dolars) 25 000 22.550 13 089
20 000
10 070
9 571
15 000
10 000 18 637
12 979 13 780
5 000
-
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2016;The global demand for flat glass & application segments
Demand: ~73 million tons (~ 9.2 billion m2) (dominated by China 51%)
(m2/metric ton ≈125)
The global demand for flat glass & Application
Segments (%)
New Buildings Façade 40
New Building Interior 20
Architectural 80
Refurbishment 40
Original equipment 80
Automotive 10 manufacturers (OEMs)
Replacements 20
Special 10 Technical glass +displays 10

applications + electronics equipment
+ solar glass

High Rise Buildings
Data Research

Source: www.gpd.fi © Dario Trabucco, CTBUH
Regional Number of Automotive Glass Plants (2017) and Expected Vehicle Sales by 2022
Projected vehicle segmentation by 2022
North America 2022 High Middle Low end
2017-2022 CAGR end
%1,4
19 Europe 2022
Total Number of mio 2017-2022 CAGR Russia&CIS
Auto Glass %1,7 2017-2022 CAGR 2022
Production Total Number of Auto 22 %7,6
Plants : 21 Glass Production mio Total Number of
Auto Glass
2,3
Plants : 44 mio
Production
Plants : 3
Asia
2022
South America 2022 MENA Countries 2017-2022 CAGR %3,9
2017-2022 CAGR Total
2017-2022 CAGR %5,9 2022
Number of 57
%5,5
Total Number of Auto Glass mio
Total Number of 3,7 Auto Glass 3,5 Production
Auto Glass mio Production mio Plants : 46
Production Plants : 8
Plants : 7

Global Vehicle Manufacturing at a Glance and Projection to 2022
2016 Global Vehicle Production 2022 Global Vehicle Production
1. China 28% Others 31%

8.Others30% 1. China 30%
90 108
mio adet mio adet
7. Mexico
4% 7. Korea…
2. US 13%
6. India 5% 2. US 11%
6. Mexico
4. Germany 5.5%
Germany
5. Korea 5%
7% 3. Japan 9% %3,1 5% 4. India 6% 3. Japan 8%
CAGR
2016-2022 Global growth in automotive

3,4 108
0,7 0,5 0,4 0,4
Million vehicles
0,8 0,8 0,7

1,7
2,2
6,9
90

Industry 4.0 / IoT

Industry 4.0 / IoT – what is it?
Industry 4.0 has been coined as the fourth industrial revolution.

It is a collective term for IoT devices coupled with systems that
contain machine learning algorithms that control a process or
factory with little human intervention

Source: www.gpd.fi © Alex Ochoa, FeneTech Inc
DEVELOPMENT PHASES FROM INDUSTRY
1.0 TO INDUSTRY 4.0
Second Industrial Revolution: Fourth Industrial

electric energy makes mass Revolution: Internet of
production possible Things makes networked
(Beginning of the 20th century) manufacturing possible
(Since the 21st century)
1. 2. 3. 4.
First Industrial Revolution: Third Industrial Revolution: IT

steam power makes and computer technology allow
mechanical production for more manufacturing
possible automation
(Late 18th century) (Beginning of the 1970s)

Source: www.gpd.fi © Horst Mertes, FeneTech Inc
Industry 4.0 – what is it?

Source: www.gpd.fi © Alex Ochoa, FeneTech Inc
The advantages of
digitalization for the
glass industry
Source: www.gpd.fi © Berhard Saftig, Siemens
Process industries  electrification, automation, and digitalization as drivers
of productivity
Technological driver
Different initiatives, e.g.,
• Industrie 4.0
• Computing power • Industrial Internet Next level of
Consortium (IIC) productivity
• Made in China 2025 Digital Enterprise
• Communication
• ... From Integrated Engineering
• New sensors to Integrated Operations and
Services
• Virtualization Digitalization
• Cloud computing
• Simulation
• …
Automation
Electrification
Time

Industry trends
Efficiency Flexibility Quality Time-to-market
• Resource and energy • Customized mass • Closed-loop quality • Fast innovation

efficiency production • Traceability • More complex products
• Demanded product/ • Volatile markets • Lifecycle management
quantity
Security
Health and safety | Environment | Regulations/standards | …

Digital Enterprise is the portfolio of solutions for the digital
transformation – for both the discrete and process industries
Digital Enterprise
Process industries Discrete industries

Process
Product Product Production Production Production
and plant Engineering Operation Services Services
design design planning engineering execution
design
Industrial software and automation for Industrial Industrial software and

process industry communication automation for discrete industry
Industrial
security
Industrial
services
Digitalization of the field level

Use of big data
VISUALIZATION
REAL
PRE-
ALERTS TIME
DICTIONS
REPORTS
PROCESS KNOW-HOW
AND DEVELOPMENT
BIG DATA SOURCES

- PROCESS DATA
- QUALITY DATA
- PRODUCT DATA
- RAW MATERIAL DATA
- MAINTENANCE DATA
Source: www.gpd.fi © Miika Äppelqvist, Glaston Finland Oy
Worldwide Glass Design Trends

(rendering; courtesy of BIG)
A dream becomes real

Multidisciplinary effort and success Source: www.gpd.fi © Philippe Willareth, Luchinger + Meyer
Competition proposal
Aspiration Source: www.gpd.fi © Philippe Willareth, Luchinger + Meyer
Aspired transparency
Source: www.gpd.fi © Philippe Willareth, Luchinger + Meyer
Summary of GPD – 2015, J.Vitkala
Source: www.gpd.fi ©James Ocallaghan, Eckersley
O’Callaghan
O’Callaghan
Glass Bridge Zhang Jia Jie,
China
Architect: HaimDotan
Engineer: He’nan Chengjian Decoration Engineer
Co.,Ltd
Laminator: He’nan Fuxin Glass Co., Ltd
Interlayer: Ionoplast
It has been designed to accommodate up to 800
visitors so the glazing solution had to be incredibly
robust.

Source: www.gpd.fi © Sandro Casaccio, Kuraray
Lighting and Sound Show in Hong Kong
The ICC Light & Music Show

This show on the tallest building in Hong Kong combines music and animated story themes. An advanced
computer programme controls each LED on the facades to create truly breath-taking animated images.
The show has set a Guinness World Record for the largest light and sound show on a single building.
Source: www.gpd.fi © Sammy Hui, Hong Kong Facade Association
Louis Vuitton Paris, France
Architect: Frank Gehry
Structural Engineer: RFR
Laminator: Sunglass
Interlayer: 1.52 mm (60 mil) Ionoplast
Given the complexity of the sails and their
multiple facets, all of which required unique
geometries Ionoplast was the best choice.

Nardini Bolle Exhibition Centre, Italy
Architect: Massimiliano Fuksas
Laminator: Sunglass Srl, Villafranca Padovana, Italy
Building Owner: Ditta Bortolo Nardini S.p.a
Interlayer: 1.52 mm PVB UltraClear

CHAOYANG PARK PLAZA, BEIJING – MAD Architects Source: www.gpd.fi © Hui Yu, RFR Shanghai
Source: www.gpd.fi © Tammy Jow, AC Martin
Glass is a fantastic material…
Louis Vuitton, Paris
Shanghai Tower
Marina Bay Sands, Singapore Source: www.gpd.fi © Björn Sanden, Kuraray
Tr a m s t a t i o n r o o f w i t h
warped glass, Delft.
2005
Arch. Mick Eekhout

Source: www.gpd.fi © Mick Eekhout, Octatube
Parametric System
3D facade system

21.03.2014 53
Source: www.gpd.fi © Oliver Hans, Schuco
LOS ANGELES
FEDERAL COURTHOUSE
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
1) Holistic Design – Balanced
2) Building Uses
Office / Residential / Civic /
3) Exterior enclosure
Visual Criteria
Performance Criteria
4) Metrics and analytics

Measure and validate solutions
in the design process &
in the built work
5) Public spaces
Engagement in the Urban Realm
6) Longevity
GPD JUNE 29 2017 Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL LLP
Source: www.gpd.fi © Keith Boswell, SOM Architects
LOS ANGELES
FEDERAL COURTHOUSE
LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA
GPD JUNE 29 2017 Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

SKIDMORE, OWINGS & MERRILL LLP
Establish a clear and memorable idea
You are only as good as what you do today
Specific Solution to a Specific Opportunity

Market Trends: Daylighting
 Studies have shown in spaces with improved daylight and/or views:
 Increased real estate value, rental rates
 6% increased retail sales
 20% increased in office worker cognitive test rates
 39 additional work hours per year in office worker productivity
 9-16% improved performance on visual memory tests
(but glare decreased it by 17%)
 15% decreased absenteeism in office workers
 Decreased office worker turnover
 21% increase in student test scores
 22% reduced development of surgical post-op delirium
 Reduced length of hospital stay by 2.6 days
 22% less pain medication in post-spinal surgery patients
 Reduced depression, improved sleep

Urmilla Sowell, GANA
Source: www.gpd.fi © Tom Culp, GANA Energy Code Consulting
Energy Performance: Daylighting
Integrated approach to shading, glare control, daylighting, and
even power production
photovoltaic sunshades light shelves and/or sunshades

light redirecting films
Urmilla Sowell, GANA
Source: www.gpd.fi © Tom Culp, GANA Energy Code Consulting
Summary of GPD – 2015, J.Vitkala Summary National BankJ. Vitkala
of GPD – 2017,
Source: www.gpd.fi ©Stig Mikkelsen,
MIKKELSEN Architects Source: www.gpd.fi of
© Denmark
62
Liquid Crystal Window
The technology easily meets customer needs

• Aesthetics
• 100% transparency
• Sophisticated and attractive architecture
• Sustainability and well being

• Save energy
• Use natural daylight spectrum
• Innovative features
• Instantly change the atmosphere
• Interactive façade
• Investment and Life cycle costing

• Reduce cooling, lighting and maintenance costs
• Easy installation
Source: www.gpd.fi © Martin Zitto, Merck KGaA
Light Injection, Propagation and Extraction
n1 > n2
Light injection Light propagation

Uniform or Patterned light extraction
Source: www.gpd.fi © Valerie Hayez, Dow Corning Corp
Flat or Flexible illumination, interior or exterior

Source: www.gpd.fi © Graham Dodd, Arup
Honeycomb structure

Source: www.gpd.fi © Graham Dodd, Arup
1mm thin glass ‘Leoflex’by
AGC is strong and extremely
light
Multi-Color Glass
3D Printing
Source: www.gpd.fi © Eran Gal-Or, MICRON3DP Ltd.
New ideas creates
the new business

Source: www.gpd.fi © Timo Saukko, Finnglass
© Kakslauttanen Arctic Resort

© Valtteri Hirvonen
+22 °C
-26 °C
+24 °C
www.finnglass.com Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
© Sports Illustrated

© Sports Illustrated
© Sports Illustrated Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Automotive Design Trends

Future Buses

Source: www.gpd.fi © Juha Artama, NSG Group
Future Buses

Opportunities

Future Trucks

J.Artama
Future Trams

Current solutions
– Projections and
reflections
• CRT
• Laser
• VFD
• OLED
• etc.
– Transparent
displays? Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Source: www.gpd.fi © Joe Pimenoff, Beneq
30 Junet 2017
J.Artama
IAA 2016. LED-display in glass

Worldwide Glass Energy Trends

European legislation and minimum performance
requirements in the 28 EU Member States
• European Union objective: energy savings target of 20% by 2020. New

objective under discussion for 2030
• Windows considered responsible for 24% of the EU heating demand
and 9% of the cooling demand
• Over 85% of glazed areas in EU buildings equipped either with single
glazing or uncoated double glazing
• 1billion of new windows to be sold by 2030
Windows energy saving potential is substantial if energy efficient
windows are equipped

Over 40% of EU energy consumption
from buildings Source: www.gpd.fi © Cedric Janssens, Glass for Europe
Buildings have a HUGE impact on energy use,
the natural environment, and bottom lines
60% >1/3 25%

CONSUMPTION GLOBAL ENERGY IS THE
OF GENERATED GREENHOUSE LARGEST
ELECTRICITY EMISSIONS OPEX FOR
BUILDINGS

Source: www.gpd.fi © Corey Hoven, Next Energy
What is the Most Costly “Building Component”?
Occupancy Costs = 100 x Energy Cost
Smart Integrated Systems will Improve Satisfaction, Comfort

and Productivity
Cost / Sq. M. Floor -Year

• Energy Cost: $40.00
• Rent: $400.00
• “Productivity” $4000.00+
Source: www.gpd.fi © Stephen Selkowitz, LBNL
1.2 1.0
Dominant: Uw-
1.6
value solely
1.3 1.1
1.3
Often, sub-optimal and lack of
2.3
updates
–-
2.6 1.5
2.5
-
5.7

Source: www.gpd.fi © Cedric Janssens, Glass for Europe
Separated g-value
in 5 countries
0.60
0.35
0.10
-
0.56
Energy balance in
two countries

Smart Facades Convert Sunlight to Useful Energy
• Electricity from the Sun:

• Building Integrated Photovoltaics: BIPV
• Options for view glazing
• Crystalline Cells
• Expanded Cells
• Amorphous
• Solar Thermal
• Hot Air
• Hot Water

Source: www.gpd.fi © Erika Saretta, SUPSI © BFE-SUPSI
SSM-OPV technology transforms windows into energy producing assets
Window/IGU
Coatings are printed
(Insulated Glass Unit) directly on glass, eliminating
encapsulation costs
Detail of Coatings
(inside IGU)
7% <- Efficiency -> 10%

~
10% <- Transmission -> 50% Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Source: www.gpd.fi © Corey Hoven, Next Energy
LaWin: The concept

Source: www.gpd.fi © Steffen Bornemann, Folienwerk Wolfen
LaWin: Application possibilities
outdoor indoor
3-fold insulated glass
33,3 °C
31,1 °C
29,5 °C
25 °C 25 °C
 function as a heat exchanger Heating and cooling system

to collect natural energy
Position for
Lawin glas  function as a heat exchanger
for heat pumps for heating and cooling

Source: www.gpd.fi © Steffen Bornemann, Folienwerk Wolfen
Smart Window Technologies
Suspended Particle Device Liquid-Crystal (LC)

(SPD)
Electrochromie (EC)

Source: www.gpd.fi © Damoder Reddy, Argil, Inc
NanoEC™ Dual Band Electrochromic SPU

Source: www.gpd.fi © Amir Bayati, Helitrope Tech Inc.
NanoEC is the Only Technology that Controls
Both the Visible and Near-Infrared Spectrum
NanoEC Operating Mode Eliminate Daylight Reduce Heat Passive Heat

Glare Control Gain Gain (Winter)
Bright - Dark ✔ ✔ ✔
Cool ✔ ✔
Bright – Cool - Dark ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Source: www.gpd.fi © Amir Bayati, Helitrope Tech Inc.
• Possible switching patterns | display performance
View from inside

Photos: ILEK Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Source: www.gpd.fi © Walter Haase, Uni. Of Stuttgart
• Future vision
Rendering: ILEK
Source: www.gpd.fi © Walter Haase, Uni. Of Stuttgart
Smart glazings
““…able to reversibly and repeatedly change one or more of its properties, functions, behaviour during building operation to react in a controlled and holistic way to
changing boundary conditions and/or performance requirements to improve building performance.”
Electrochromic Liquid Crystal
[View] [SAGE] [Merck]
Thermochromic Thermotropic Photochromic
[Raven WIndow] [Solardim Eco] [Suntuitive]
Photo – volta - chromic NIR & Tvis – EC Fluidglass

[R&D] [R&D] [R&Dt]
Source: www.gpd.fi © Fabio Favoino, Eckersley O’Callaghan
Characteristic
exterior and
interior view
Dutchess County Residence

Source: www.gpd.fi © Daniel Vos, Heintges & Associates
Source: www.gpd.fi © Marcin Brzezicki, Wroclaw Uni.
Facades are intrinsically “integrated systems” –
managing light, glare, solar gain, heat transfer, ventilation, power generation, energy storage,
Daylight IOT-based Smart Automated Optimal Control

redirecting sensor Lighting of Integrated Façade/Lighting
coatings network Systems
Active Solar
Control
Highly insulating
glazing
Highly insulating
frame
Grid Responsive Tool
Energy Recovery Façade to minimize demand
Ventilating System The Boss Tool set to
optimize
Thermal, dynamic
Renewable Supply: Electrical envelope
PV and Thermal Storage Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Measuring gas concentration without breaking the
IGU – even on triples
Coating
02
Placement of
the coated surfaces
2
makes a difference
02 in measurement
Coating

Source: www.gpd.fi © Miikkael Niemi, Sparklike
Source: www.gpd.fi © Miikkael Niemi, Sparklike
Mold
• Traditional vs. Light, optimized mold

• 48 kg vs. 18 kg
dE=mcdT
30kg*500J/(kgK)*500°C/3,6*106=
2,08 kWh

Source: www.gpd.fi © Juha Karisola, Glaston Oy
Why do we speak about energy saving?
How much you could actually save?
• Annual production 700 000 windscreens
• Average size 1,2 m²/ windscreen
• Annual output 840 000 m²
• Energy price 0,12 EUR/kWh
• Energy consumption of an old type of furnace 9 kWh/m²
• Matrix™ energy consumption 7 kWh/m²  saving 2 kWh/m²
840 000 2 0,12 201 600

m² kWh/m² EUR/kWh EUR
Potential saving 10 year’s of operation over 2 million euros!

Practical energy consumption of different
types of equipment
Box type Single level Basic double Matrix

(Bus WS furnace) furnace (U-type) level furnace Smart double
12-25 kWh/m² 9-13 kWh/m² 6,5 – 10 kWh/m² level furnace
5,3 – 8,7 kWh/m²

Structual Glass Applications

Source: www.gpd.fi © Tim Macfarlane, GL&SS
Loadbearing Glass Walls

O’Callaghan
2006 2011
Source: www.gpd.fi ©James Ocallaghan, Eckersley O’Callaghan
Source: www.gpd.fi ©James Ocallaghan, Eckersley O’Callaghan
Large glass needs special handling equipment -
Tvitec Spain

Source: www.gpd.fi ©Tvitec
Current research - Hybrid glass beams

126
Source: www.gpd.fi © Peter Lenek, Arup
EVOLUTION OF Glass beam evolution STRENGHT
DESIGN AND
GEOMETRY
SAFE DESIGN
Calculation hypothesis
POST-BREAKAGE
Analytic & F.E.M
MONOLYTHIC LAMINATED PRESTRESSED
calculation BEAM SLENDERNESS
BEAM LAMINATED BEAM
Physical test
And results BUCKLING
USE ABILITY
Post-breakage analysis
Conclusions & STABILITY

Future research PRESTRESSED LAMINATED PRESTRESSED LAMINATED Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
“T” SHAPED BEAM “T” SHAPED BEAM
Source: www.gpd.fi © Jesús M. Cerezo, ENAR
EVOLUTION OF Glass beam evolution STRENGHT
DESIGN AND
GEOMETRY
SAFE DESIGN
Calculation hypothesis
POST-BREAKAGE
Analytic & F.E.M
calculation SLENDERNESS
Physical test
And results BUCKLING
USE ABILITY
Post-breakage analysis PRESTRESSED LAMINATED
“TT” SHAPED BEAM
Conclusions & STABILITY
Future research Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Source: www.gpd.fi © Jesús M. Cerezo, ENAR
Structural Glazing since 1964...
Dow Corning - Pioneer in world construction technologies,

groundbreaking solutions changing the faces of world cities.
“Of the 50 completed ultra-high rise buildings in the world, 35 of them

were built with Dow Corning High Performance Building solutions.”
Image CTBUH
Tallest Buildings Completed in 2014

Smart Design: Thinner joints, Light &
Energy Efficiency
Standard triple IGU High strength
30% thinner & stronger joints:
 Durability (EN1279-4)
 More glass: 5% more light
 Lower U-value & Higher surface T°C
30% less
joint
Dow Corning ® 3363 High strength silicone

Design strength= 0.21MPa (ETAG002)
What is Structural Silicone Glazing (SSG) ?
Structural Silicone
Weatherproofing silicone
(non structural)
2-sided SSG
Structural Insulating
Glass Silicone
• Structural silicones are applied in facades, roofs, windows, doors, solar

collectors, photovoltaic modules and internal partition walls to fix glass
elements to metallic frames 4-sided SSG
• Only certified silicones are proven to
- take over dynamic loads from wind and impact
- take over permanent load components from glass weight
- resist thermal cycles and sun radiation
- stay durable over a long time
Source: www.gpd.fi © Sigurd Sitte, Dow Corning
Transparent Structural Silicone Adhesive
(TSSA)
• For exterior applications
• Point fixation
• Strength
– 10x higher design strength *
– Strong adhesion performance
– High performance silicone durability
• High transparency, crystal clear
* Compared to regular 2-part structural silicone

Application: Crystal Clear Structural
Glass Connections

Strength, Aesthetics and Creativity
Vidre Slide,
Cricursa and EOC
Application

EXTERIOR ENCLOSURE
CONCEPTS
HOLISTIC BALANCED DESIGN

Design is more than visual appearance. Holistic–or complete -
design consists of equal parts visual composition and performance.
This integration of composition and performance is achieved
through a collaborative, sometimes elusive, and always iterative
process.
High performance design is the application and careful balance of

performance principles and the art of composition. It is the
integration of physics and the science of materials. It requires a
basic understanding of building and construction sequencing. It is
in this intersection of science, art, materials, and construction
where design and technology, art, and science become
architecture. Beauty is more than skin deep.
Cold Bent Glass Applications

Cold bent glass in architecture
IAC headquarters, New York City, Frank Gehry (2007)
Jinso Pavilion,
Amsterdam, Cepezed
(2009)
Main Train Station,

Strasbourg, J.-M.
Duthilleul, 2007
Source: www.gpd.fi © Gabriele Pisano, Uni. Of Parma
COLD-BENT UNITS
«STATE-OF-THE-ART» ???

Source: www.gpd.fi © Viviana Nardini, Sika services AG
Complex Geometry - Panelization Options
Recent complex geometry façade projects in Dubai Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Meinhardt Façade Technology
Source: www.gpd.fi © Benjamin Beer, Meinhardt Facade
Complex Geometry – Cold-Bending Options
Insulated Glass Panel – ‘Cold Bending’ Assessment
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
Single corner cold-bending structural silicone glazed façades

Credit Libanais project Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala
Meinhardt Façade Technology
Source: www.gpd.fi © Benjamin Beer, Meinhardt Facade
Cold Bending
Lutz Schöne, LEICHT

Source: www.gpd.fi © Lutz Schöne, LEICHT
Structural Engineering & Specialist Consulting
©LEICHT

Source: www.gpd.fi © Lutz Schöne, LEICHT
Horizontal Details – Hot Bent Glasses

Source: www.gpd.fi © Marc Zimmer, Frener & Reifer GmbH
Gravity Glass Bending
Bending Process:
- Coated and uncoated glass in package

- Definition of Bending Parameter
- Discussion Productivity: Prior – During – Afterwards

Swiss Re Next. Zürich, Schweiz | Diener & Diener Architekten

Warm-Bending inside autoclave
Phase I- Distortion of the yet-not-coupled
glass-interlayer package and lamination in
deformed configuration
Phase II – Release of the element from the

mould…springing back and relaxation due to
the viscoelastic response of the interlayer!
Phase III - final placement in the desired

position

Source: www.gpd.fi © Gabriele Pisano, Uni. Of Parma
World Wide Glass Quality and processing Trends

2017
Tempered Glass Size Development 3.50m
2014
3.30m
2009
2005 3.30m
1991 3.30m
1986 3.30m
1.50m
Designed by photoroyalty / Freepik

Large glass needs special handling equipment -
Tvitec Spain

Source: www.gpd.fi ©Tvitec
Coated glass – temperature measurement
Measurement from below
• Indirect by reference pyrometer
• Measurement with small head sensor from below connected to main device

Source: www.gpd.fi © Ingo Stahlkopf, Optris GmbH
Approaches for coated glass
1 one from above
Glass
2 from below - connected

Source: www.gpd.fi © Ingo Stahlkopf, Optris GmbH
Non-Contact Technology
How Eddy Current Works
I. A primary magnetic field is created when alternating current is

injected into an induction coil
II. Eddy Currents are generated when the coil is placed over a
conductive sample
III. The characteristics of the Eddy Currents are determined by material

characteristics
IV. The Eddy Currents generate a secondary magnetic field opposed

towards the primary field
V. The impedance of the coil is affected by material differences that

+ High sample rate
influence conductivity
+ High sensitivity
+ Non-contact solutions
VI. This influence is measured by a pick up coil
 Limited to conductive materials
Source: www.gpd.fi © Marcus Klein, SURAGUS GmbH
Color as Thickness Indicator: Result
• The example shown

demonstrates the tuning of the
coating process to bring the
layer to specified thickness.
x
• Cross section plots of coating

thickness variation
Source: www.gpd.fi © Chris Hellwig, Carl Zeiss Spectroscopy
AUTOMATION / QUALITY CONTROL
Glass types recognition Overall bow measurement

(thickness, size, coating/ in horizontal process
emissivity measurement, holes,
cut offs, etc.)
Thermal picture Roller wave, anisotropy,

coating, stress measurement
etc.

Miika Äppelqvist, Glaston Finland Oy
Roller wave measurements

Roller wave measurements

A Masterpiece of
Intelligence
Built-in Assistant
Process Assistant
Know-how Pro
Built-in
Production Reporting
development Pro
tools
Built-in iLooK Distortion

Online- iLooK Anisotropy
Process
Bottom Scanner
Feedback

Source: www.gpd.fi © Miika Äppelqvist, Glaston
A Masterpiece
of Intelligence Built-in
Process
The Assistant family will lead you Know-How
to victory and success
• Standard with all FC-Furnaces • Automatic adjustment for heating and

• DLP - Load recognitions and cooling parameters based on loading
automatic heating profile Assistant Assistant pattern
• Air balance adjustment based on Pro* • Operator selects only the thickness and
glass size glass type
*Requires bottom scanner for reliable

measurements

A Masterpiece
of Intelligence Built-in • Reliable lowE feedback (BSCA)
Reliable measurement is a key On-Line • iLook – Distortion & Anisotropy

factor in further automation Process
• Quality measurement and
Feedback traceability for each glass. All
measurement are saved in QMS
report for each load
Normal scanner measurement Bottom Scanner measurement Online Anisotropy scan for each glass coming Distortion (rollerwave and edge lift) online
with lowE glass from same glasses. our from the tempering line. measurement with iLooK distortion.

A Masterpiece
of Intelligence
Peace of mind and real time Built-in
analytics on any device Production
Development
Tools
Automated
Production
reports maintenance
alerts
Energy Quality
reports reports
Also available
Capacity Gap-
on mobile or
reporting analysis
desktop

Our definition
of quality
Quality in Quality in Quality in

Quality is built in. Quality is the basis Glass product Service
of everything we do. From the way
we design, manufacture and test our
products, to the services, parts and
people who support them.

Taking control of anisotropy
New tempering solutions

Source: www.gpd.fi © Riku Färm, Glaston Finland Oy
Reasons
Quench marks
Heating

Reasons - heating
1. Beginning of heating period
2. End of heating period
Tempering furnace
Time

Towards better anisotropy – measurement
becomes online

Isotropy visualization
Alternative visualization of measurement results
Operator can switch between 3 result visualizations options!
Real camera image
Intensity image
Segmented areas
Representing the
optical retardation Detecting critical areas of
Anisotropy effects
Source: www.gpd.fi © Kai Vogel, Viprotron
White Haze Option
Detecting White Haze
Real camera image
Intensity image of a White Haze example

Source: www.gpd.fi © Kai Vogel, Viprotron
Worldwide Glass Processing Trends

FULL AUTOMATION DOES NOT MAGICALLY APPEAR
IT’S A RESULT OF SYSTEMATIC DEVELOPMENT STEPS
Summary
Summaryof
ofGPD
GPD––2017,
2017,J.J.Vitkala
Vitkala
Source:
Source:www.gpd.fi
www.gpd.fi©© Miika Äppelqvist, Glaston Finland Oy
ROAD TO AUTOMATION – TEMPERING LINE
TECHNOLOGIES:
Operator is TECHNOLOGIES:
Operator is TECHNOLOGIES:
Operator must TECHNOLOGIES:
Operator does TECHNOLOGIES:
System can cope
monitor the not have to be in with all
Driver
continuously continuously
Control System
exercising Automatic
exercising final system at all
Automatic Autopilot
control at allin situations
Self-Operating
longitudinal and Heater Profiles
control times
Recipe Selection selected use
times automatically
Tempering Line
lateral control Based on ERP cases during a full
Recipe Change Feedback The system has control journey. No
in a specific use case.
Proposal Level 1 Recognises its operator is
Recipe Change performance limits and required.
The system has requests the operator to
Automatic Proposal Level 2 take control when close
control in a
Blower
The otherPower to its limits
Automation
specific use case

Adjustment
operating task is
managed by the
No intervening vehicle
system active system
Level of Automation
LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 4
LEVEL 0
Driver Partial Conditional Full –Automation
Summary of GPD 2017, J. Vitkala
No Automation
Assistance Automation Automation
Use of big data
VISUALIZATION
REAL
PRE-
ALERTS TIME
DICTIONS
REPORTS
PROCESS KNOW-HOW
AND DEVELOPMENT
BIG DATA SOURCES

- PROCESS DATA
- QUALITY DATA
- PRODUCT DATA
- RAW MATERIAL DATA
- MAINTENANCE DATA
“Treat each and every project as if it the last one you will ever do.
The project should achieve the highest level of craft possible,
utilize innovative and appropriate technology and
reflect how you want to be remembered”
C. Keith Boswell
Thank you!
Jorma Vitkala, GPD Chairman

Jorma.vitkala@gpd.fi
+358 40 5532042
GPD 2017 Ebook: www.gpd.fi
GPD Turkey – 7-10.3.2018

GPD China – 17.4.2018
GPD Finland – June 2019 Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

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Worldwide Glass Trends

Jorma Vitkala, GPD Chairman

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

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Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

GPD 1992 - 2017

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

• Pininfarina - Lorentz Ramaciotti

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Step Change brings together:

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

• float lines nominal tonnage

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

• tempering line able to temper down to 2 mm

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Middle east- North Africa

2016 South America

2016 Geographical segmentation analysis Geographical segmentation of flat glass demand

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

2016 The Global demand

( *for a rough estimation; m2 /metric ton ≈125)

Million Tons ~19 ~20 ~25

The Market ~24.4 ~25,8 CAGR~5,9% ~34,4

GLOBAL PRODUCTİON CAPACITY

BCC Research, Wellesley MA USA, Website: www.bccresearch.com

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Coated Coated Solar

Coated Architectural Glass;

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Residantial Buildings Commercial Buildings

Special 10 Technical glass +displays 10

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

2016 Global Vehicle Production 2022 Global Vehicle Production

1. China 28% Others 31%

2016-2022 Global growth in automotive

0,8 0,8 0,7

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Industry 4.0 has been coined as the fourth industrial revolution.

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Second Industrial Revolution: Fourth Industrial

First Industrial Revolution: Third Industrial Revolution: IT

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

• Resource and energy • Customized mass • Closed-loop quality • Fast innovation

Health and safety | Environment | Regulations/standards | …

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala

Process industries Discrete industries

Industrial software and automation for Industrial Industrial software and

Digitalization of the field level

Summary of GPD – 2017, J. Vitkala