Nasalized versions of other consonant sounds also exist but are much rarer than either nasal

occlusives or nasal vowels. Some South Arabian languages use phonemic nasalized fricatives, such

as /z/̃ , which sounds something like a simultaneous [n] and [z]. The Middle
Chinese consonant 日 ([ȵʑ]; [ʐ] in modern Standard Chinese) has an odd history; for example, it has
evolved into [ʐ] and [ɑɻ] (or [ɻ] and [ɚ] respectively, depending on accents) in Standard Chinese; [z]/
[ʑ] and [n] in Hokkien; [z]/[ʑ] and [n]/[n̠ʲ] while borrowed into Japan. It seems likely that it was once a
nasalized fricative, perhaps a palatal [ʝ ̃].
In Coatzospan Mixtec, fricatives and affricates are nasalized before nasal vowels even when they
are voiceless. In the Hupa, the velar nasal /ŋ/ often has the tongue not make full contact, resulting in
a nasalized approximant, [ɰ̃]. That is cognate with a nasalized palatal approximant [ȷ] in
̃
other Athabaskan languages.
In Umbundu, phonemic /ṽ/ contrasts with the (allophonically) nasalized approximant [w̃] and so is
likely to be a true fricative rather than an approximant. [further explanation needed] In Old and Middle Irish,
the lenited ⟨m⟩ was a nasalized bilabial fricative.[5]
Sundanese has an allophonic nasalized glottal stop [ʔ̃]; nasalized stops can occur only with
pharyngeal articulation or lower, or they would be simple nasals.[6] Nasal flaps are common
allophonically. Many West African languages have a nasal flap [ɾ] (or [n
̃ ̆ ]) as an allophone
of /ɾ/ before a nasal vowel; Pashto, however, has a phonemic nasal retroflex lateral flap.
Other languages, such as the Khoisan languages of Khoekhoe and Gǀui, as well as several of the !
Kung languages, include nasal click consonants. Nasal clicks are typically with a nasal or superscript
nasal preceding the consonant (for example, velar-palatal ⟨ŋ͡ǂ⟩ or ⟨ᵑǂ⟩ and uvular-palatal ⟨ɴ͡ǂ⟩ or
⟨ᶰǂ⟩).[7] Nasalized laterals such as [l ̃] are easy to produce but rare or nonexistent as phonemes;
allophonically, they may appear in some Portuguese words like enlatar or enlamear. Often
when /l/ is nasalized, it becomes [n].

True nasal fricatives[edit]

Nasal fricative

◌͋

Besides nasalized oral fricatives, there are true nasal fricatives, or anterior nasal fricatives,
previously called nareal fricatives. They are sometimes produced by people with disordered speech.
The turbulence in the airflow characteristic of fricatives is produced not in the mouth but at
the anterior nasal port, the narrowest part of the nasal cavity. (Turbulence can also be produced at
the posterior nasal port, or velopharyngeal port, when that port is narrowed – see velopharyngeal
fricative. With anterior nasal fricatives, the velopharyngeal port is open.) A superimposed homothetic
sign that resembles a colon divided by a tilde is used for this in the extensions to the IPA: [n͋] is a
voiced alveolar nasal fricative, with no airflow out of the mouth, and [n̥͋] is the voiceless
equivalent; [v͋] is an oral fricative with simultaneous nasal frication. No known language makes use of
nasal fricatives in non-disordered speech.