Philippines

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"Philippine" redirects here. For the town in the Netherlands, see Philippine, Netherlands.

Coordinates:  13°N 122°E

Republic of the Philippines

Republika ng Pilipinas  (Filipino)

Flag

Coat of arms

Motto: 
"Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa"[1]
"For God, People, Nature and Country"

Anthem: Lupang Hinirang
(English: "Chosen Land")

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Great Seal
 Dakilang Sagisag ng Pilipinas  (Filipino)
Great Seal of the Philippines

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Capital Manila[a] (de jure)

14°35′N 120°58′E
Metro Manila[a] (de facto)

Largest city Quezon City

14°38′N 121°02′E

Official languages Filipino
English
Recognized show
regional languages
19 languages

Ethnic groups  33.7% Visayan
(2015) 24.4% Tagalog
8.4% Ilocano
6.8% Bicolano
26.2% Others

Religion  92.2% Christianity
(2015) —80.6% Roman Catholic
—8.2% Protestant
—3.4% Other Christian
5.6% Islam
2.2% None / Others[3]

Demonym(s) Filipino
(neutral)
Filipina
(feminine)
 Pinoy
(colloquial neutral)
Pinay
(colloquial feminine)

Philippine
(used for certain common nouns)

Government Unitary presidential constitutional
republic

• President Rodrigo Duterte

• Vice President Leni Robredo
• Senate President Tito Sotto
• House Speaker Lord Allan Velasco
• Chief Justice Alexander Gesmundo

Legislature Congress

• Upper house Senate

• Lower house House of Representatives

Independence 
from the United States
• Independence from June 12, 1898
Spain declared
• Spanish cession to the December 10, 1898
United States
• Independence from the July 4, 1946
United States granted

Area
• Total 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi) (72nd)
• Water (%) 0.61[4] (inland waters)
• Land 298,170

Population
• 2020 estimate  106,651,394[5][6] (12th)

• 2015 census  100,981,437[7][8]

• Density 336/km2 (870.2/sq mi) (47th)

GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate
• Total  $1 trillion[9] (29th)

• Per capita  $9,061[9] (115th)

 GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate
• Total  $402.638 billion[9] (32nd)

• Per capita  $3,646[9] (118th)

Gini (2018)  42.3[10]
medium · 44th

HDI (2019)  0.718[11]
high · 107th

Currency Philippine peso (₱) (PHP)

Time zone UTC+8 (PST)

Date format mm/dd/yyyy

Mains electricity 220 V–60 Hz

Driving side right[b]

Calling code +63

ISO 3166 code PH

Internet TLD .ph

Website
National Government Portal
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines

a. ^ While Manila is designated as the nation's capital,

the seat of government is the National Capital Region,
commonly known as "Metro Manila", of which the city of
Manila is a part.[12][13] Many national government institutions
aside from Malacañang Palace and some
agencies/institutions are located within the NCR.

b. ^ Since March 10, 1945[14][15]

The Philippines (/ˈfɪlɪpiːnz/ ( listen); Filipino: Pilipinas [ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs] or Filipinas [fɪlɪˈpinɐs]), officially

the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas),[a] is an archipelagic
country in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the western Pacific Ocean, and consists of about 7,640
islands, that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to
south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines is bounded by the South China Sea to the
west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the southwest, and shares maritime
borders with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east and
southeast, Indonesia to the south, Malaysia and Brunei to the southwest, Vietnam to the west,
and China to the northwest. The Philippines covers an area of 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi) and, as
of 2020, had a population of around 109 million people, making it the world's twelfth-most populous
country. The Philippines is a multinational state, with diverse ethnicities and cultures throughout its
 islands. Manila is the nation's capital, while the largest city is Quezon City, both lying within the
urban area of Metro Manila.
Negritos, some of the archipelago's earliest inhabitants, were followed by successive
waves of Austronesian peoples. The arrival of Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer leading a
fleet for Spain, marked the beginning of Spanish colonization. In 1543, Spanish explorer Ruy López
de Villalobos named the archipelago Las Islas Filipinas in honor of Philip II of Spain. Spanish
settlement, beginning in 1565, led to the Philippines becoming part of the Spanish Empire for more
than 300 years. During this time, Catholicism became the dominant religion, and Manila became the
western hub of trans-Pacific trade. In 1896, the Philippine Revolution began, which then became
entwined with the 1898 Spanish–American War. Spain ceded the territory to the United States,
while Filipino rebels declared the First Philippine Republic. The ensuing Philippine–American
War ended with the United States establishing control over the territory, which they maintained until
the Japanese invasion of the islands during World War II. Following liberation, the Philippines
became independent in 1946. Since then, the unitary sovereign state has often had a tumultuous
experience with democracy, which included the overthrow of a dictatorship by the People Power
Revolution.
It is considered to be an emerging market and a newly industrialized country, which has an economy
transitioning from being based on agriculture to being based more on services and manufacturing.
The Philippines is a founding member of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association
of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia
Summit. The Philippines' position as an island country on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the
equator makes the country prone to earthquakes and typhoons. The country has a variety of natural
resources and a globally significant level of biodiversity. This low-lying island geography makes
the country vulnerable to climate change, increasing risk from typhoons and sea level rise.

Contents

 1Etymology
 2History
o 2.1Prehistory (pre–900)
o 2.2Early states (900–1565)
o 2.3Colonial rule (1565–1946)
o 2.4Postcolonial period (1946–present)
 3Geography and environment
o 3.1Biodiversity
o 3.2Climate
 4Government and politics
o 4.1Foreign relations
o 4.2Military
o 4.3Administrative divisions
 5Demographics
o 5.1Ethnic groups
o 5.2Languages
o 5.3Religion
o 5.4Health
o 5.5Education
 6Economy
o 6.1Science and technology
 o 6.2Tourism
 7Infrastructure
o 7.1Transportation
o 7.2Water supply and sanitation
 8Culture
o 8.1Values
o 8.2Architecture
o 8.3Performing arts
o 8.4Literature
o 8.5Cinema
o 8.6Mass media
o 8.7Cuisine
o 8.8Sports
 9See also
 10Notes
 11References
o 11.1Citations
o 11.2Bibliography
 12Further reading
 13External links
o 13.1Government
o 13.2Trade
o 13.3General information
o 13.4Books and articles
o 13.5Wikimedia
o 13.6Other