Benguet

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Benguet

 Probinsya ne Benguet  (Ibaloi)
 Probinsyan di Benguet  (Kankanaey)

Province

Province of Benguet

Benguet Provincial Capitol atop Capitol Hill in La Trinidad

Flag

Seal

Nickname(s): 
Salad Bowl of the Philippines[1][2]
Anthem: Benguet Hymn
 Location in the Philippines
Coordinates:  17°N 121°ECoordinates:  17°N 121°E

Country Philippines
Region Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR)

Founded November 23, 1900

Province June 16, 1966

Capital La Trinidad

Government
 • Type Sangguniang Panlalawigan
 • Governor Melchor D. Diclas
(PDP-LBN)

 • Vice Governor Johnny D. Waguis

(PDP-LBN)

 • Representative Nestor B. Fongwan

(PDP-LBN)

Area
[3]

 • Total 2,769.08 km2 (1,069.15 sq mi)
Area rank 47th out of 81
  (excluding Baguio City)
 Highest elevation 2,926 m (9,600 ft)
 (Mount Pulag)

Population
 (2015 census) [5]
 • Total 446,224
 • Estimate  842,542[4]
(2020)
 • Rank 61st out of 81
 • Density 160/km2 (420/sq mi)
 • Density rank 55th out of 81
  (excluding Baguio City)

Divisions
 • Independent citie show
s
1
 • Component cities 0
 • Municipalities show

13
 • Barangays  140
 including independent cities: 269

 • Districts  Lone district of Benguet

 including independent
cities: Lone district of
Baguio City

Time zone UTC+8 (PST)

ZIP code 2600–2614

IDD : area code  +63 (0)74
ISO 3166 code PH-BEN

Spoken languages  English

 Ilocano
 Filipino
 Ibaloi
 Kankana-ey
 Kalanguya
 Karao

Website benguet.gov.ph

Benguet (IPA: [bɛŋˈɡɛt]), officially the Province of Benguet (Ibaloi: Probinsya ne

Benguet; Kankanaey: Probinsyan di Benguet; Ilocano: Probinsia ti
Benguet; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Benguet), is a landlocked province of
the Philippines located in the southern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the
island of Luzon. Its capital is La Trinidad.
The highland province is known as the Salad Bowl of the Philippines due to its huge
production of upland vegetables.[1][2][6]
Situated within the interior of Benguet is the highly urbanized city of Baguio, which is
administered independent from the province.

Contents

 1History
o 1.1Spanish period
o 1.2American period
o 1.3World War II
o 1.4Modern history
 2Geology
 3Geography
o 3.1Climate
o 3.2Administrative divisions
o 3.3Barangays
 4Demographics
o 4.1Ethnicity
o 4.2Languages
o 4.3Religion
 5Economy
 6Education
 7Tourism
 8References
 9External links

History[edit]
The mountainous area now covered by Benguet is generally presumed to have been
settled from at least the 14th century by tribes coming from the surrounding lowlands,
lured by the abundance of natural resources such as gold, hides, and wax. Two of these
groups, the Ibaloi and the Kankanaey, are dominant ethnolinguistic groups of the area.
In the pre-conquest period, these tribes enjoyed flourishing trade with lowland groups
immediately to their west and south, such as the Pangasinans. Governor Juan "Oraa"
Cariño (1913-1918) one of the governors of Benguet, was the first Filipino to be a
governor.
The Kankanay occupied the northern highlands of the province, while the Ibaloy
occupied the southern portion, while all Igorots practiced animism and ancestor
worship. Rituals were proscribed by the priests, mambunong. The economy of the
region was based on rice terraces, root crop swidden farming, livestock raising, hunting,
foraging, plus the mining and trading of gold. These Igorot gold mines were located in
Suyoc, Tabio, Acupan, and Antamok. Gold panning took place in placer deposits along
the Agno River, the Bued River, the Suyoc River, and the Amburayan River. Gold was
also mined from lode veins within andesite and diorite. Gold in Mankayan was
associated with copper. Gold mining resulted in social stratification, with the upper class
consisting of the mine owners, the baknang, followed by the gold workers, or abiteg,
and then the bagaen, or slave class. These slaves were made up of war captives, and
their children. Gold mines were inheritable kinship property, while original ownership
was bestowed on those individuals discovering the gold location, and then developing
the property.[7][8]:183
Spanish period[edit]
At the beginning of the Spanish Era, colonisers heard of the rich gold mines in the
mountains and attempted to colonize the highlands, but failed. In 1572,
Spanish conquistador Juan de Salcedo led a small expedition into the southern part of
Benguet, but the natives forced it to retreat. [6] The first major expedition into the
mountains occurred in 1620, when Spanish explorers went into the La Trinidad Valley,
followed by a second expedition in 1623, and a third in 1624. This was the last attempt
to occupy the Baguio gold mines by the Spanish until the Galvey expeditions (1829-
1839).[7]:473–475
In the 1800s, Spanish colonizers made more serious attempts such as expeditions
under Col. Guillermo Galvey[9]:280 and succeeded in establishing a presence in the La
Trinidad Valley, named after Galvey's wife.[6]
This area later became a district of the new province of La  Montañosa (or La Montaña)
[10][11]
 in 1846. Eight years later, in 1854, Benguet became a separate comandancia
politico-militar. Parts of the present province were established as component territories
of other comandancias such as Lepanto and Amburayan.[6]
American period[edit]
When the Americans took control of the Philippines, they established local civil
governments in many parts of the country. American civilian government was
established in Benguet on November 23, 1900 through Act No. 48,
with Canadian journalist H.P. Whitmarsh appointed as the province's first governor. [12]

The 19 historical townships of Benguet under Act No. 48[1][13] show

Upon the American colonial government enacting Act No. 1876 on August 18, 1908
which created Mountain Province from areas of the old La Montañosa, Benguet (along
with Amburayan, Apayao, Bontoc, Ifugao, Kalinga, and Lepanto) became sub-provinces
of this new province.[6][15] A year later in 1909, the township of Baguio was abolished upon
its conversion into a chartered city. In 1920, portions of the sub-provinces of Amburayan
and Lepanto were incorporated into Benguet. [6]
Mining companies started operating in the province in the 1930s. This brought jobs, and
many lowlanders migrated to Benguet, especially in towns surrounding the gold mines,
such as Itogon, Mankayan and Tuba.[16]
World War II[edit]
See also: Battle of Baguio (1945)
During World War II, Igorot guerrillas and the combined Filipino and American
forces fought Japanese soldiers during the final days of the war in 1945. [further explanation needed]

This section needs expansion. You

can help by adding to it. (January
2016)

Modern history[edit]
On June 18, 1966, the huge Mountain Province was split into four provinces with the
enactment of Republic Act No. 4695. The four provinces were Benguet, Mountain
Province, Kalinga-Apayao and Ifugao.[6][17][18]
On June 22, 1973, as part of the Integrated Organization Plan of Marcos, Benguet was
placed under the jurisdiction of the Ilocos Region as a form of gerrymandering.[19] During
the Marcos dictatorship, thousands of Benguet natives
were tortured and murdered through various means such as rape, forced stripping,
electric shocks, beatings, and genital mutilations, among many others. Benguet
religious leaders rose up against Marcos until the People Power Revolution of 1986
occurred, where Corazon Aquino became president and democracy was restored.[20][21]
[22]
 When the Cordillera Administrative Region was established by President Corazon
Aquino thru Executive Order 220 on July 15, 1987, Benguet was made one of its
provinces.[6][23][24]

Geology[edit]
The Baguio Mining District consists of Late Cretaceous ophiolite basement rocks. These
are overlain by Eocene back arc tholeiitic Pugo Metavolcanics. These grade into the
Dalupirip Schist, which is separated from the Early Oligocene-Early
Miocene sedimentary Zigzag Formation by an unconformity. The Zigzag is composed of
deep depositional environment interbedded green sandstones,
red siltstones, oligomicitc conglomerates, and minor limestone units. The late Early
Miocene-early Middle Miocene reefal Kennon Limestone overlays the Zigzag. The Late
Oligocene-Early Miocene Agno Batholith intrudes the Pugo and Zigzag. The Middle-
Late Miocene Klondyke Formation was deposited during Central Cordillera geologic
uplift, consisting of coarse clastics, polymictic conglomerates, sandstones, and vitric
(glassy) tuffs, with minor shales and siltstones. Gold mineralization occurred
with dioritic and gabbroic intrusions, and basaltic to andesitic lavas, including the
Monglo adakite. The Pliocene Baguio Formation consists of conglomerates interbedded
with lava flows and pyroclastics. Pleistocene gold-copper mineralization occurred
with calc-alkaline and dioritic and dacitic adakitic intrusions. This mineralization
characterizes the Philex Mine.[25]
The main gold base metal mineralization zone is approximately 8 km wide, trends north
south for tens of kilometers, and is centrally located at 16° 20' to 16° 26' N latitude and
120° 37' 30" to 120° 43' 30" E longitude. The western boundary of this zone is defined
by a volcanic belt, just west of Baguio City, while the eastern boundary is defined by an
intrusive belt, just east of the Itogon and Antamok mines. The Agno quartz diorite
batholith is further east near Binga Dam. Key mines, starting from the south, include the
Philex (Cu), Acupan (Au), Itogon (Au), Black Mt. (Cu), Benguet Exploration (Cu), Atok
(Au), Antamok (Cu and Au), and Baguio Gold (Au), where Baguio Gold and Antamok
are east of Baguio City. Continuing northwards, key mines include the King Solomon
(Cu), St. Nino (Cu), Boneng (Cu), Lobo (Cu), Gambang (Cu and Au), and Lepanto (Cu
and Au). By 1979, underground mining had reached Level 1850 in the Antamok Mine. [26]
[27][8]

Geography[edit]

Highland landscape at Bokod

Benguet covers an area of 2,769.08 square kilometres (1,069.15 sq mi) occupying the

southwestern tip of the Cordillera Administrative Region. If Baguio City is included for
geographical purposes, the total area of Benguet is 2,826.59 square kilometres
(1,091.35 sq mi).[28]
The province is bordered on the northeast by Mountain Province and Ifugao, on the
southeast by Nueva Vizcaya, on the south by Pangasinan, on the west by La Union,
and on the northwest by Ilocos Sur.
Situated within the Cordillera mountains, Benguet is dominantly mountainous. Mount
Pulag, the highest in Luzon is located within Kabayan. The mountains form the
headwaters of several rivers, the major ones which include
the Agno, Amburayan, Bued, Bakun, Balili and the Asin. Some of these run
through river valleys or gorges.
Several natural lakes, small in size, are found within the hinterlands. The largest are the
"Four Lakes" in Kabayan; Lake Bulalacao, Lake Detepngepos, Lake Incolos and Lake
Tabeyo.[29]
The province is the location of several conservation areas, the largest of which are
the Upper Agno River Basin Resource Reserve, Mount Pulag National Park, Mount
Data National Park and Lower Agno Watershed Forest Reserve.
Climate[edit]
Foggy forest in Benguet

Most of Benguet falls under the subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) zone,

experiencing annual average highs of 25.3 °C (77.5 °F) in April and lows of 13.3 °C
(55.9 °F) in January.[30]
The province suffers from crop damage resulting from seasonal frost during the cold
months of December to March, especially in high-altitude towns such as Atok, Buguias,
Mankayan and Kibungan.[31][32] In February 2007, Benguet suffered crop damage due to
temperatures reaching as low as 7 °C (45 °F).[33]
hideClimate data for Benguet
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul
23.1 23.9 24.7 25.3 24.6 24.1 22.9
Average high °C (°F)
(73.6) (75.0) (76.5) (77.5) (76.3) (75.4) (73.2)
13.3 13.9 14.8 16.2 16.7 16.6 16.4
Average low °C (°F)
(55.9) (57.0) (58.6) (61.2) (62.1) (61.9) (61.5)
150.8 101.8 82.3 44.9 132.5 146 196.9
Average precipitation mm (inches)
(5.94) (4.01) (3.24) (1.77) (5.22) (5.7) (7.75)
Average rainy days 2 3 6 9 19 21 26
Source 1: Storm247 (for average temperature and rainy days)[30]

Source 2: WorldWeatherOnline (for average precipitation)[34]

Administrative divisions[edit]
Benguet comprises 13 municipalities, all encompassed by double legislative districts.[28]
The highly urbanized city of Baguio, although administratively independent from
Benguet, is situated in the interior of the province, surrounded by the municipalities
of La Trinidad, Itogon, Sablan and Tuba. The city used to be part of the province but
became independent when the city's charter was enacted in 1909.
Political map of Benguet

City  Populati ± Area[28 Density Bara

]
or m on % ngay
unic p.
ipali a.
ty [i]
s
(2 q / /
01
( k   k sq 
5) 
[5]
2 m m m
2 mi
i
8
+0
4. 19 21 3
Ato .4 24
4 ,2 4. . 91 8
k 2 0
% 42 99 0
%
1
2
B 31 +1
57 2 14,
ag 8, .5 5,50
‡ — .5 . 00 129
ui 67 4 0
1 2 0
o 6 %
0
1
+2 1
3. 13 28
Bak .3 0 14
4 ,5 6. 54 7
un 6 . 0
% 87 91
% 7
8
Bok 3. 12 +1 27 1 50 13 10
City  Populati ± Area[28 Density Bara
]
or m on % ngay
unic p.
ipali a.
ty [i]
s
(2 q / /
01
( k   k sq 
5) 
[5]
2 m m m
2 mi
i
0
.6 6
1 ,6 4.
od 1 . 0
% 48 96
% 1
6
6
+2
9. 39 17 7
Bug .0 65
8 ,2 5. . 250 14
uias 2 0
% 71 88 9
%
1
1
+1 7
13 55 44
Itog .2 3 34
.4 ,9 9. 130 9
on 8 . 0
% 60 73
% 6
4
9
+2
Kab 3. 13 24 3
.2 16
aya 4 ,5 2. . 63 13
3 0
n % 88 69 7
%
0
6
−0
Kap 4. 20 16 3
.7 31
ang 3 ,0 4. . 120 15
0 0
an % 84 39 4
%
7
9
+0
Kib 3. 16 25 8
.4 18
ung 9 ,8 4. . 68 7
9 0
an % 50 86 4
%
0
L
a  2
10 +3
T 28 70 7
7, .6 1,80 4,7
ri † .9 .0 . 16
18 1 0 00
ni % 4 0
8 %
da 4
d
Man 8. 35 +0 13 5 280 73 12
kay 1 ,5 .2 0. 0 0
 City  Populati ± Area[28 Density Bara
]
or m on % ngay
unic p.
ipali a.
ty [i]
s
(2 q / /
01
( k   k sq 
5) 
[5]
2 m m m
2 mi
i
.
0
an % 86 48 3
%
8
4
+1
2. 10 10 0
Sabl .6 28
6 ,5 5. . 110 8
an 5 0
% 11 63 7
%
8
1
+2 1
10 42 29
Tub .0 4 41
.7 ,8 5. 160 13
a 3 . 0
% 74 97
% 2
7
3
+1
4. 16 10 9
Tub .4 44
0 ,5 2. . 170 8
lay 9 0
% 55 55 5
%
9
1
,
40 +1 2, 0
3, .9 76 6 41
Total  [ii]
4 160 140
94 1 9. 9 0
4
4 % 08 .
1
5

 †  Capital municip
  Municipality
ality
 ‡  Highly urbanized city (geographically  within but independent from the province)
1. ^ The globe   icon marks
the city/town center.
2. ^ Total figures exclude the highly
urbanized city of Baguio.

Barangays[edit]
The 13 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 140 barangays, with Pico in La
Trinidad as the most populous in 2010, and Anchokey in Kabayan as the least. [35]
Further information: List of barangays in Benguet

Demographics[edit]
Population census of Benguet
Year Pop. ±% p.a. Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1903 21,697 —     1980 235,742 +2.87%
1918 43,601 +4.76% 1990 302,715 +2.53%
1939 122,204 +5.03% 1995 313,833 +0.68%
1948 110,081 −1.15% 2000 330,129 +1.09%
1960 183,657 +4.36% 2007 372,533 +1.68%
1970 179,012 −0.26% 2010 403,944 +2.99%
1975 204,616 +2.72% 2015 446,224 +1.91%

(excluding Baguio City)

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [5] [35] [36]

The population of Benguet in the 2015 census Ethnicity as of 2000[37]

was 446,224 people, [5] making it the most
populous province in the region. It had a density
of 160 inhabitants per square kilometre or 410
inhabitants per square mile. If the highly
urbanized city of Baguio is included for
geographical purposes, the population is
791,590, with a density of 280/km2 (725/sq mi).
In the May 2000 census, Benguet had a total
population of 330,129. This figure is up by 16,296
from 313,833 persons recorded in the 1995
census, giving an annual growth rate of 1.09%
during the 5-year period compared to the national
average of 2.43%. The province registered    Kankanaey: 141,434 (42.9%)
63,123 households, an increase of 4,588    Ibaloi: 95,968 (29.1%)
households over the 1990 figure. This gave an
   Ilocano: 43,984 (13.3%)
average household size of 5.20 persons, slightly
   Kalanguya: 12,147 (3.7%)
higher than the national average of 4.99.
   Tagalog: 7,773 (2.4%)
Ethnicity[edit]    Others: 27,396 (8.3%)
Further information: Kankanaey people, Ibaloi
people, Kalanguya people, Igorot people,    Other foreign ethnicity: 239 (0.1%)

and Ilocano people    Not Reported: 575 (0.2%)

The native inhabitants of Benguet comprise

three ethnolinguistic
groups. Kankanaeys dominate the northwestern municipalities, Ibalois are concentrated
on the southeast, and Kalanguyas are mostly found in the east.[6][38][39] Migrants from
lowland provinces have fused with the local populace to form a melting pot in
some[vague] areas.[18][39][40]
According to the 2000 Philippine census, Kankanaeys comprised 42.96% (141,434) of
the entire provincial household population of 329,216 at the time, while 29.15% (95,968)
were identified as Ibalois, and 3.69% (12,147) were Ikalahan/Kalanguya. Major resident
lowland ethnic groups included Ilocanos at 13.36% (43,984)
and Tagalogs at 2.36% (7,773). Ilokano population arrived in the province after then
president Marcos ordered an Ilokona migration towards the province in an attempt to
solidify his administration's rule in northern Luzon. This resulted in ethnic land-grabbing
of Ilokanos from indigenous Ibaloi, Kankanaey, and Kalanguya peoples. In 2002, the
Ibaloi people formally retaliated against the Marcos-initiated exploitation of their lands
by 'exorcising' the now-destroyed Bust of Ferdinand Marcos in La Union.[37]
Languages[edit]
Benguet residents generally speak their own languages in addition to Ilocano, Tagalog,
and English, which are used for trade and commerce. The Ibaloi tribe speak Ibaloi,
which is similar to Pangasinan, while the Kankanaey have their own eponymous
language, which is related to the Bontoc language.
The SIL Ethnologue database classifies the languages under the South-Central
Cordilleran branch. Nabaloy (named in the database as Ibaloi) is part of the Southern
Cordilleran branch which also includes Pangasinense. The Kankanaey language is
under the Central Cordilleran branch, which also includes Bontoc and Ifugao.[41]

Immaculate Conception Parish Church in Sablan

Religion[edit]
Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion with 59% adherence., [42] Protestants,
especially Anglicans, Methodists, Baptists, and Evangelicals, form about 33% of the
population,[43][44] while the Iglesia ni Cristo forms about 3%.[45] There is also small
community of Muslims (0.472% of the province population).
Religion in Benguet[44]

  Roman Catholic (59%)

  Protestants (33%)
  Iglesia ni Cristo (2%)
  Other (6%)
Economy[edit]
Poverty Incidence of Benguet

Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[46][47]

[48][49][50][51][52]

Benguet is a major producer of highland vegetables in the country.

Agriculture, mining, and tourism are the major industries in Benguet. Its cool climate and
high altitude has made it an ideal place for producing highland vegetables. Benguet is
often called the Salad Bowl of the Philippines.[2][6][39] The La Trinidad Vegetable Trading
Post in the capital town of La Trinidad serves as the hub of vegetable trading in the
province, attracting farmers, merchants and traders from the local community and the
Philippines' different provinces.[53] Major crops produced which include potatoes, Baguio
beans, peas, strawberries, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce, sayote and carrots ar
e shipped throughout the country.[6][54][55][56]
Horticulture and floriculture are practiced in the province.[57] The province supplies
flowers to the different municipalities, including Baguio City, as well as to Metro Manila,
including other parts of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. [58][59][60] Roses are produced,
particularly in Barangay Bahong in La Trinidad, earning the barangay the title Rose
Capital of the Philippines.[61] Apisang (scientific name: Pittosporum resiniferum), a
plant endemic to the Philippines, is grown in the municipalities of Kapangan and
Kibungan as a potential alternative source of fuel and energy, rivaling
the jatropha biofuel plant.[62][63]
Other agricultural-related activities are monggo processing, fruit preservation, peanut
brittle manufacturing, broom making and basket weaving.[6][64]
A gold ore from Mankayan copper mines

Mining is a major industry in Benguet, which is one of the country's

leading gold producers.[6] The Benguet Corporation, the first and oldest mining company
in the Philippines, has extracted gold, copper and chromite in Itogon since 1903.[65][66]
Other mineral deposits are silver, copper, pyrite, and limestone. Silver smithing is a
large industry in Benguet, and many entrepreneurs sell silver works at lower prices
in Baguio compared to Manila. In 2006, revenues from mining reached 4 billion pesos
from just two (Lepanto Consolidated Mining Corporation and Philex Mines) of many
mining firms operating in the province. The province's mining vigor has never translated
into better quality of life of the Benguet people, simply because a bulk of the mining
firm's taxes are not paid directly to the province.[67] The two mining corporations, like
many others around the country, have principal offices in the City of Makati, a set-up
that makes Makati the prime mining tax beneficiary.
The location of Baguio City within Benguet draws many tourists from the lowlands.
Often, people who go to Baguio also explore the province, especially the strawberry
fields in La Trinidad.

Education[edit]
Higher education in the province is centered in the capital town of La Trinidad,[68] which
houses the Main Campus of the only university in Benguet, the Benguet State
University (BSU). The university has two satellite campuses in two municipalities;
the Buguias Campus at Loo, Buguias, and the Bokod Campus at Ambangeg, Bokod.[69]
Other educational institutions which include Advocates Academic College, BVS
Colleges, Cordillera Career Development College, King's College of the
Philippines, Philippine College of Ministry, Philippine Nazarene College, as well as
the Cordillera Regional Science High School, the Benguet National High School (with
several annexes) and the Benguet SPED Center are also situated within La Trinidad.
The independent chartered city of Baguio hosts several higher education institutions,
which include most notably the University of the Philippines Baguio, Saint Louis
University, University of the Cordilleras (formerly Baguio Colleges
Foundation), University of Baguio, Pines City Colleges, Baguio Central University, and
Baguio School of Business and Technology, attracting students from across the
Philippines.
Strawberries from La Trinidad, recognized as the "Strawberry Fields of the Philippines"

Tourism[edit]
The province is a major tourist destination in the country, [1] with most of its tourist spots
centered on culture and nature.[70] Baguio's location within the province provides a boost
to the tourism industry of the province.[71] Notable interesting places in the province
include Mount Pulag along Kabayan, Kennon Road in Tuba, Ambuklao
Dam in Bokod, Binga Dam in Itogon, strawberry and flower farms in La Trinidad, and
the Palina and Naguey rice terraces in Atok.
Tuba and Tublay hot springs are usually flocked by local tourists from the neighboring
provinces. Vegetable terraces can be seen along the Halsema Highway, especially
during the growing season. Kabayan is known for its centuries-old mummies,
while Buguias is visited for its hot springs and the Apo Anno.

References[edit]
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External links[edit]
Map all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 

Download coordinates as: KML

  Media related to Benguet at Wikimedia Commons

  Benguet travel guide from Wikivoyage
  Geographic data related
to Benguet at OpenStreetMap
show
Places adjacent to Benguet

hide

 Province of Benguet
 La Trinidad (capital)

 Atok

 Bakun

 Bokod

 Buguias

 Itogon

 Kabayan

 Kapangan

 Kibungan

 La Trinidad

 Mankayan

 Sablan

 Tuba

 Tublay

 Baguio (Administratively independent from the province but grouped under Benguet by the  Philippine Statistics Authority.)

: List of barangays in Benguet

show
Articles related to Benguet

LCCN: n84044056

VIAF: 130132590

WorldCat Identities: lccn-n84044056
Categories: 
 Benguet
 Provinces of the Philippines
 States and territories established in 1900
 1900 establishments in the Philippines
 Former sub-provinces of the Philippines
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