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Axiology Study of Dental Implant Technology

Andi Tajrin1, Eka Erwansyah2, Rasmidar Samad3, Burhanuddin Daeng
Pasiga4, Fuad Husain Akbar5, Andi Askandar6
1
Departement Of Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery Faculty of Dentistry,
Hasanuddin Universityu, Makassar, Indonesia
2
Departement Of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin
Universityu, Makassar, Indonesia
3,4,5
Department Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Hasanuddin
University.Makassar, Indonesia
6
Oral and Maxilofacial Surgery Specialist Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry,
Hasanuddin University. Makassar, Indonesia
E-mail:andikanda98uh@yahoo.co.id

Abstract
Technological devices are scientific applications developed by scientists. Health
technology, has now advanced and supported health practitioners to provide services for
the community. One that is used is the use of dental implant technology to replace the
function of missing teeth. This paper aims at conducting axiological studies on the
application of dental implant technology. The application of the literature study method
through a review of the relevant literature on Dental Implant Technology is carried out
as a study material. It was concluded that the axiological study of dental implant
technology showed benefits to humans related to the function of mastication, speech and
aesthetic functions with a much more attractive appearance, comfortable, not damage
other teeth and last long enough. From the social aspect, people must know that Dental
Implant Technology provides many health benefits and is not just beauty oriented.

Keywords: Technology, Dental Implant, Axiology, Implant

1. Introduction

The application of dental implant treatment has been very varied and brings the
management of treatment to the development of modern medical practice. Having been
greatly expanded in the 1990s, dental implant treatments have become highly desirable in
general dental practices, as well as extreme specialists of longer and conventional
treatments. Moreover, see the report on the durability of dental implants There are 90%
reports that support this. Teeth are one of the important body parts for humans, given the
very large function of the teeth, so that damage to the teeth will no doubt disturb and give
difficulties to their owners. For this reason, many ways and efforts are made, to overcome
tooth decay, starting from prevention and treatment, to the replacement of teeth that have
been dated. One effort in the matter of teeth is to wear dentures. This is something that
has become commonplace in society, however, despite being a solution, but dentures also
bring trouble, it is because of its nature that can be separated and can be lost. For this
reason, in the case of the tooth, efforts to overcome it continue. 1,2
Dental implants are an ideal choice In the condition of healthy patients who have lost
their teeth due to periodontal disease, injuries, or some other reason. 2 The need for tooth
replacement is what drives technological development from ordinary dentures to implant
teeth. The development of dental implants itself has been rooted for a long time, namely
since Dr. Branemark used titanium plate material to repair bone damage by adding bone
graft in the laboratory of Lund City University, Sweden, in 1952. The experiment proved

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that bone damage can recover without rejection of titanium material, so that healthy bones
with titanium implants coalesce. The first time implant teeth were applied to patients who
had no teeth at all in 1965. "Five-year use studies, 90 percent successful," said Peter
Agus. Dental implants have grown rapidly since 1993. Currently, more than 100 dental
implant industries are scattered in the United States, such as Nobel Biocare, Straumann,
Zimmer, BioHorizons, AstraTech, Ankylos, Implant Direct, Lifecore, and Biolock .3
Dental implants have entered Indonesia in 2000, but only began to flourish after
internet information developed. Oral and maxillofacial surgeons are now extraordinary,
Dental Implant Technology has reached the digital age so that clinical decision making,
and surgical procedures for placement of dental implants are very easy and sophisticated. 4

2. Method

The article is the result of a philosophical study that applies the method of literature
study through a review of relevant literature. Information is also obtained from the results
of empirical research used as supplementary material (secondary) about technology in the
health sector that is developing at this time, especially social views from the Fiqhi side.
The philosophical study undertaken is axiological study.

3. Discussion

3.1. Understanding Philosophy

The word philosophy comes from ancient Greek, philos means love and shopia means
wisdom or wisdom. Philosophy means a deep love for wisdom or policy. And it can also
be interpreted as the attitude or outlook of someone who thinks things through deeply and
sees in broad and overall terms with all relationships. According to Harold Titus, in the
narrow sense of philosophy is interpreted as science relating to methodology, and in a
broad sense philosophy tries to integrate different human knowledge and make a
comprehensive view of the universe, life, and the meaning of life. 5
According to the term, philosophy or philosophy has many meanings. According to
Socrates, philosophy is a radical and comprehensive way of thinking or thinking that
peels something deeply. Philosophy is radical thinking or thinking up to its radic (its
roots) thoroughly and fundamentally even the smallest thing will not be spared from
philosophical observation. Any statement and no matter how simple it is not taken for
granted by philosophy without careful testing.
Muhammad Noor Syam (1986) formulated philosophical understanding from two sides.
First, philosophy as an activity of pure thinking, or activities of human reason in an effort
to understand deeply about everything. Understanding philosophy here is philosophizing.
Second, philosophy as a product of pure thinking activities. So it is a form of science as a
result of philosophical thought and inquiry, so that it is an organized form of treasury,
having a certain systematic philosophy also means a teaching form about something or
about everything as an ideology.
Philosophy is the love of virtue. Anyone who studies philosophy is expected to be able to
know the existence of brilliant pearls and use them as a guide and guide for wise living.
According to Harold Titus, in the narrow sense of philosophy is interpreted as science
related to methodology, and in a broad sense philosophy tries to integrate different human
knowledge and make a comprehensive view of everything.
Philosophy is love for science or truth, like wisdom and wisdom. So people who do
philosophy are people who love truth, knowledge, wisdom, and wisdom. Change in a
society. Well, changes in customs and habits and history usually begin with a group of
people who believe in an ideal value or who are attracted by another view of life.

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Thus, philosophical thinking is different from other thoughts. Philosophical thinking at

least has clear characteristics, among others, focused on efforts to conduct examination
and discovery. Besides that, philosophical thinking is radical thinking and uses the
optimal ability of the human mind.
Philosophy is the view of life of a person or group of people which is the basic concept of
the life that is aspired. Philosophy is also interpreted as an attitude of someone who is
aware and mature in thinking things deeply and want to see in broad and overall terms
with all relationships.
3.2. Axiology
Axiology comes from Greek. This term consists of two combined words namely axios
and logos. Axios means value, whereas logos means science or theory. If interpreted as a
whole, the meaning is "the theory of values". Axiology is a theory of values related to the
usefulness of the knowledge acquired. This science is divided into three parts, namely:
first, moral conduct, namely moral actions that give birth to ethics. Second, esthetic
expression, or expression of beauty, Third, socio-political life, or social and political life.
From this third discussion socio-political philosophy was born. Axiology is a branch of
philosophy relating to ethics, aesthetics, and religion. Axiological is a philosophical field
of study that discusses value (Litle John). Communication science, especially news, in
axiological study that the function of news is seen and focused on a community
entertainment. So the news editors must be able to attract the audience by displaying
something light like artike features.6
Axiology is considered a value theory. And in its development was able to give birth to a
problem related to the freedom of knowledge on value. This is what is referred to as
knowledge neutrality or value free. Meanwhile there is a type of knowledge that is based
on value attachment or called value bound. That way we can choose which is better
between the neutrality of knowledge and knowledge related to values.
3.3. Dental Implant Technology
Implants are defined as medical devices made of one or more biomaterials that are
intentionally placed in the body, either fully or partially embedded under epithelial tissue.
Meanwhile, a dental implant is a biocompatible metal anchor and is surgically placed in a
jawbone beneath the gingiva to support an artificial crown placed on the missing natural
tooth.7
The use of dental implants must approach the natural shape and size of tooth roots. The
healing period and bone pooling can range from three months to six months or more. In
this period, osseointegration has occurred which causes the bone to grow around the
implant thereby creating a strong structure.
 Factors that can support the success of dental implants are safety concerns, compatibility
of implants, surface texture. First, Safety concern. Safety considerations are not only
limited to dental implants, but also to all dental devices. The level of security for the use
of dental implants is if the Dental implant material does not cause irritation and toxic and
does not cause systemic abnormalities. Second, Compatibility Implants used in human
body parts must have the ability to form stable mechanical units with surrounding hard
and soft tissue. If you experience looseness or are unstable, implants become less efficient
or not fully functioning or can even induce excessive tissue. This can cause discomfort
and pain in the patient. There are three things that need to be considered to meet the
material biocompatibility requirements, namely biological compatibility, mechanical
biocompatibility and morphology biocompatibility. Third, Surface texture Generally, it is
divided into two categories, namely concave surface texture and convex surface texture.
Concave surface texture can be achieved either by removal of material from the surface of
chemical coatings, electrochemical actions, or from indentations (shotpeening, or laser
peening). On the other hand, convex surface textures can be formed by inserting several
types of particles using physical or chemical techniques (such as CVD, PVD, plasma
spraying, etc.). Controlled surface roughness (rugophilicity) plays an important role in

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increasing the osseointegration of titanium implants compared with a smooth surface,

osteoblasts can grow on rough surfaces, which are made in various methods. 3
3.4. Dental Implant Technology in Value
Dental implant is a therapy that is in demand in dentistry for the replacement of missing
teeth. The success rate of up to 82.9% in the last 16 years and evidenced by existing and
inferred reports remains very safe in its use.? Sometimes, to complement the appearance
or because of necessity, many people who do care for teeth that have been dated by
wearing dentures or in the millennium era developing knowledge about Dental Implant
Technology. Medically, this technology restores the function of teeth both functionally
and aesthetically. The dentures that are used are generally chosen which have the same
color as the natural teeth they have so they do not look like dentures. Then, what is the
social view of these dentures? 7,8,9
From a social point of view there are people who strictly forbid physiological body
functions with the same form without essential functions. In saint studies The last few
years, medical technology has been able to provide a solution to the permanent tooth loss
by dental implant methods. Then what is dental implant? According to Drg. Djoko Micni,
SpBM, FICOI; Dental implant methods have been discovered in medicine since the last
10 years. This technology itself has been able to function to replace natural teeth. In the
original teeth there are two parts, namely the root of the tooth that is embedded in the
bone and the crown of the tooth that appears in the oral cavity. While dentures usually do
not have roots that can be embedded in the bone.
In philosophy concept one of the branches of science that have orientation to the beauty
value of one of them aesthetic. Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that cares about
nature and art appreciation, beauty and good taste. It has also been defined as "Reflection
critical of art, culture and nature ". The word "aesthetic " comes from the Greek
"Aisthetikos ", which means "sense perception ". Along with ethics, aesthetics is part of
the axiology (the study of value and value assessment). 10
According to Immanuel Kant, the beauty is objective and universal (i.e. certain things are
beautiful for everyone). However, there is a second concept involved in the interpretation
of beauty performers, namely flavors, that are subjective and varied according to class,
cultural and educational background. In the explanation above, the axiology of Social
view and Dental Implant technology is not only to reproduce the aesthetic but many other
functions (flavor). Some important functions of dental implant technology are preventing
the resorbsi of the jaw bone that can affect the face profile (the face of Invisible kempot),
teeth become more neatly organized and strong, preventing other teeth from being rocked
due to a dentures (fake), aesthetic looks like genuine teeth because of the roots and
crowns, facilities in the cleaning of oral hygiene, long endurance up to 10 years to life ,
Does not require neighbor's dental care, maximum comfort in restoring the function of
the, its strength almost resembles the original tooth, the process done in the installation of
dental implants is very easy and simple with a very satisfactory results. 11
This condition explains the many functions of dental implant technology besides being
oriented only to beauty. Sheikh Shaleh Munajid said that if an artificial tooth is applied to
a lost tooth or removed because it is sick or damaged it is permissible or permissible.
There is no sin contained in the installation of dentures and there is no expert or scholar
who prohibits or prevents the installation of dentures and there are no differences or laws
regarding permanent or non-permanent placement. 12
3.5 Important subject in the installation of Dental Implant Technology
many things must be considered before installing dental implants, including patient
consideration, previous dental disease history and consideration of the condition of
adjacent teeth, jawbone and surrounding soft tissue as well as which dental implants will
be installed. Consideration by looking at the patient's systemic health conditions, for
example having diabetes mellitus, because it affects the process of healing the tissue after
implantation. however, if diabetes mellitus is controlled, successful implant placement

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will also be achieved. then a history of previous dental disease and patient motivation and
ability to maintain oral health, patients with poor oral conditions, unable to maintain oral
hygiene themselves, and have the habit of smoking will usually fail if dental implants are
installed. Cost considerations and consideration of the condition of adjacent teeth,
jawbones and soft tissue around which will be installed dental implants. All information
relating to consideration of dental implant placement is obtained through anamnesa to the
patient, clinical examination, and radiography (usually dental panoramic photographs) .
Several studies published between tahun1993 and 2013 where there are 64 articles found
in heart disease, diabetes and controlled metabolic disorders are not contraindicated in
dental implant treatments. All information related to the consideration of the dental
implant installation is obtained through anamnesa to the patient, clinical examination and
x-ray (usually a panoramic image of the teeth). 13,17
In the habit of the oral cavity smoking also plays a role in the process of healing the
bones. According to the data of the smoker is higher in the failure of the implants. The
report justifies the success and failure of implants influenced by patient-related factors
such as general health, smoking, bone strength and oral hygiene care. Diabetes Mellitus
(DM) is also a health community that has a considerable prevalence and can lead to
severity. An estimated 450 million adults affected by DM in depth in 2017 and are
projected to increase to 693 million by 2045. The impact of DM on implant fairy care on
systematic reviews is quite influential, But the majority of tests are still doubtful if DM
affects bone growth.14,15,16

4. Conclusions

Axiological studies of dental implant technology show the benefits to humans related
to the function of mastication, speech and aesthetic functions with a much more attractive
appearance, comfortable, does not damage other teeth and last long enough. From the
social aspect, people must know that Dental Implant Technology provides many health
benefits and is not just beauty oriented.

Reference

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[16]Mesa,M.J, et all, “An umbrella review on the effects of diabetes on implant failure and peri-implant
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