Professional Documents
Culture Documents
You have probably heard the terms climate change and global warming used
interchangeably. That’s because both describe changes in earth’s climate. While global
warming focuses on the rising average temperature of the planet, climate change
usually refers to the shifts in things like precipitation, wind patterns, and temperatures
over a given period. Measured changes in climate could last a few years, decades, or
even millions of years.
Climate change has occurred for as long as the earth has existed. It happens anytime
earth’s climate patterns change and remain in place for a measurable amount of time.
This has notably manifested itself in natural cycles of cooling and warming. Before
human causes started to shift the global climate, five main factors interacted with one
another as climate changes occurred. These five factors include: [1]
1. Atmosphere (air)
2. Biosphere (living things)
3. Cryosphere (ice and permafrost)
4. Hydrosphere (water)
5. Lithosphere (earth’s crust and upper mantle)
Climate Change
(click image to zoom)
What Are the Causes of Climate Change?
The American Association for the Advancement of Science has stated, “The scientific
evidence is clear: global climate change caused by human activities is occurring now,
and it is a growing threat to society.” [2]
Below are a few of the ways humans are accelerating climate change.
Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse gases play a vital role in the earth’s climate cycles. As the planet gets hit
with the sun’s rays, some of the energy is absorbed, and the rest of that energy and
heat gets reflected into space. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the reflected
energy, redirecting it back down to the earth and eventually contributing to global
warming. Various gases play this role, including:[3]
Water vapor
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Methane
Nitrous oxide
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
While some of these greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, are naturally occurring,
others, such as CFCs, are synthetic. CO2 is released into the atmosphere from both
natural and human-made causes and is one of the leading contributors to climate
change. CO2 has been increasing at an alarming rate and has the potential to stay in
the earth’s atmosphere for thousands of years unless it gets absorbed by the ocean,
land, trees, and other sources. [4] However, as CO2 production has steadily risen, the
earth’s natural resources to absorb it has also been diminished. This is already
occurring in many ways as eath’s resources are disappearing from things like
deforestation. Some studies even predict that plants and soil will be able to absorb less
CO2 as the eath continues to warm—possibly accelerating climate change even further.
[5]
Solar Activity
Solar activity, as mentioned above, does play a role in the earth’s climate. While the sun
does go through natural cycles, increasing and decreasing the amount of energy that it
emits to the earth, it is unlikely that solar activity is a major contributor to global
warming or climate change. Since scientists began to measure the sun’s energy hitting
our atmosphere, there has not been a measurable upward trend.[6]
Agriculture
There are many significant ways in which agriculture impacts climate change. From
deforestation in places like the Amazon to the transportation and livestock that it takes
to support agricultural efforts around the world, agriculture is responsible for a
significant portion of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. However, agriculture is
also an area that is making tremendous strides to become more sustainable. As
productivity increases, less carbon is being emitted to produce more food. Agriculture
also has the potential to act as a carbon sink, and could eventually absorb nearly the
same amount of CO2 it emits. [7]
Deforestation
Deforestation and climate change often go hand in hand. Not only does climate change
increase deforestation by way of wildfires and other extreme weather, but
deforestation is also a major contributor to global warming. According to the Earth Day
Network, deforestation is the second leading contributor to global greenhouse gasses.
[8] Many people and organizations fighting against climate change point to reducing
deforestation as one of, if not the most, important issues that must be addressed to
slow or prevent climate change. [9]
Human Activity
According to the Environmental Protection Agency, the most significant contributor to
climate change in the United States is the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat, and
transportation. Of these factors, transportation in the form of cars, trucks, ships, trains,
and planes emits the largest percentage of CO2–speeding up global warming and
remaining a significant cause of climate change. [10]
Livestock
While interconnected to many of the agricultural and deforestation issues we have
already touched on, livestock in the form of cattle, sheep, pigs, and poultry play a
significant role in climate change. According to one study, “Livestock and Climate
Change,” livestock around the world is responsible for 51% of annual global
greenhouse gas emissions. [11]