NAME: Farwa Mehmood Khan

DEPT: BS Softwre Engineeing(Morning)

YEAR: Second Year (4th Semester)

ROLL NO: 2k19/swe/34

SUBJECT: Softwre Engineeing

SUBMITED TO: Dr. Muhammad Ali

Nizamani

ASSIGNMENT-I TOPIC: PROJECT

MANAGEMENT

DATE: 1-feb-2021
 Assignment Part-I

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Introduction:
Project management is the use of methods, procedures, skills,
knowledge and experience to achieve specific project objectives in
terms of project acceptance criteria within approved parameters. Project
management is limited to the final delivery of a limited amount and
budget.
The main feature that separates project management from
‘management’ simply is that it has this last given time and duration,
unlike managers which is an ongoing process. For this the project
specialist needs a variety of skills; often technical skills, and certainly
people management skills and good business awareness.

What is project?
A project is a separate, temporary activity, designed to achieve planned
goals, which can be defined by outcomes, outcomes or benefits. A
project is generally considered successful if it achieves objectives in
terms of their terms of acceptance, in terms of the approved budget and
budget. Time, cost and quality are the building blocks of all projects.
Time: to plan a set of strategies used to develop and present schedules
that indicate when the work will be done.
Cost: how are the necessary funds and funds obtained?
Quality: How will the strengthening of the purpose of delivery and
management processes be ensured?

The main components of project management are:

 explaining the reason why the project is needed;
 project requirements, specific output quality, measurement
resources and timeframes;
 to prepare a business matter to allow for investment;
 obtaining a contract with a company;
 establish and implement a project management system;
 to lead and motivate the task team;
 manage risks, issues and changes in the project;
 monitoring progress against the system;
 managing the project budget;
 maintaining stakeholder communication with the project
organization;
 supplier management;
 closing the project in a controlled manner where appropriate.

Why we use project management?

Project management is aimed at producing a final product that
will make a difference in order to benefit the organization that has
fueled the project. It is to start, plan and manage the list of tasks
required to deliver this final product. The projects that need to be
officially managed are:
 produce something new or altered, visible or intangible;
 have a limited time: a definite beginning and end;
 they may be complex professionally or by the parties involved;
 requires change management;
 requires risk management.

Investing in effective project management will have many benefits,

such as:

 provide greater opportunities for the desired outcome;

 to ensure the efficient and effective use of resources;
  to meet the various needs of the project participants.

When do we use project management?

Projects are different from normal business activities and occur when an
organization seeks to provide a solution to put needs within an
approved budget and timeframe. Projects require a group of people to
meet temporarily to focus on specific project objectives. As a result,
effective collaboration is the essence of
successful projects.

Projects require a group of people to meet temporarily to focus on

specific project objectives. As a result, effective collaboration is the
essence of successful projects. Project management is responsible for
managing different work packages to achieve specific objectives. How
the work is handled depends on a variety of factors.

The quality, importance and complexity of the work are obvious:

redesigning a small office and organizing the Olympics share many
basic goals, but offer very different management challenges. Objectives
can be expressed as follows:

 Results (similar to the new HQ structure);

 Eesults (such as staff relocation to a new HQ);
 Benefits (such as reducing travel and administrative costs);
 Strategic objectives (such as doubling the corporate value over
three years).

Who uses project management?

Anyone and everyone managing projects, even if they can be
officially called a 'project manager'. Have you ever organized an
event? That’s a project you manage with a group of people, and
 project management is a lifelong skill for all. More systematically,
projects are growing in all industries and businesses:

 Transport and infrastructure

 IT
 Product design
 Building and construction
 Finance and Law

Project Planning
Project planning has to be successful so the business starts with
all the details that are detailed. Assistant project planning limits
the additional costs brought into action over time. To be a good
business planner, a few standards are followed. These levels are
recorded below.

Planning is important: Planning should be done before the start

of the project. For effective planning, targeting and calendars
should be clear and forgivable.

Risk Factors: Before embarking on a project, senior

management and the supervisory team should consider risks that
may affect the work. For example, a client may require a change
in requirements while the project is in progress. In that case, time
and cost limits should be eliminated with those requirements (new
requirements).

Follow-up plan: Once a work plan has been redesigned, it

should be followed and modified in the same way.
 Complete quality guidelines and generate quality
expectations: The engagement process should identify forms by
which the management team can ensure quality in the programs.
According to the process selected to ensure quality, time and cost
of work are assessed.

Adaptation to flexibility to enforce change: The effect of

preparation is recorded as a business plan, which should allow
new changes to take place as the work progresses.

The purpose of the project

A software project is designed to achieve a specific purpose, which is

organized into two phases, specifications, automation areas and
business objectives. Targets for the most followed project are
documented.

Meet customer requirements: Create a project as indicated by

customer requirements upon receipt.

Complete program timeline: Complete project success as outlined in

the work schedule in time to complete the project as indicated in the
timeline.

Be within the financial plan: Take into account the overall cost of the
project and therefore the business is within the budget.

Raise quality expectations: Ensure quality is considered for accuracy

and performance.
With the help of customer needs, the project management team
determines the size of the project before the start of work. This
extension provides a clear expression of the power, outstanding,
important, and product integration to be considered. Power determines
the assignments a product relies on to perform them. Highlights the
properties required for a product based on customer needs.
Performance indicates mandatory barriers to system configuration,
memory, etc. Communication methods determine the connection of
system components (such as modules and power). The scope of the
project likewise takes into account the implementation of the plan, which
relies on its ability to prepare and the response time required to deliver
the harvest.

When an extension of performance is resolved, it is important to

understand it properly in order to build systems as indicated by
customer requirements. Following this, business costs and duration are
considered. If the business extension is not resolved in the schedule,
the obligation may not end within the aforesaid plan. The purpose of the
project is to provide relevant information.

 Elements are included and avoided in the project

 Procedures and objects

 The strength and brightness required in the programs as reflected in

the client requirements.

Project Planning Process

The project planning process incorporates a number of interactive tests
followed in a systematic way to meet the needs of the clients in the
programs and includes a continuation of the ongoing work planning
exercises and the individuals (individuals) who respond by playing these
tests. In addition, the project planning process includes the
corresponding.

 Target and size of Projecy

 Processes used to make project planning

 The (timely) effort of the people associated with the project

 Project calendar and success

 Assets required for the project

 Risks associated with the project.

The project Planning Process involves a number of tests, which are

important for doing business efficiently. This exercise refers to the
planning of activities performed during an indefinite period of product
development. These tests include the measurement of time, effort, and
necessary assets and job-related opportunities.

Project Planning Exercises

The planning process containing the tests associated with this.

Known Proof of Project Requirements: Before starting a project, it is
important to classify the requirements of the project as the Project
requirements ID helps to play the tests in a systematic way. These
priorities include data, for example, extension of engagement, details
and assistance required for the product, and activities of the project
management team.

Physical evidence of quotations: In addition to the amount of effort

and time, it is important to assess the costs that will be incurred for a
particular project. Cost estimates include the cost of equipment,
organizing organizations, and the costs required to fund equipment
components. Similarly, costs are assessed for work-related people.

Well-known evidence of risks: Accidents are unexpected moments

that affect a project adversely. A planning project includes a number of
risks (such as special risks and business risks) that affect the project
timetable and increase operational costs. Identifying hazards before
starting work helps to understand their potential level of performance.

Visual evidence of the basics of success: In making a project work,

the basic elements of success are followed. This variation refers to
conditions that ensure the key to the success of the project. Typically,
these variables include help from the board, a budget, a timetable, and
a skilled program engineer.

Project Punishment Readiness: A project contract provides a detailed

description of the scope of work, quality, time, cost, and asset estimates
as indicated during the business plan. Set by management to approve
from project manager.
Work plan: The project plan provides information on the assets
available to the project, the people involved in the project, and the
timeline for the project completion.

Project implementation: When the project planning is complete and

the assets are distributed to partners, the business begins.

Project Plan

As expressed before, a project plan stores the result of project planning.

It gives data about the end date, achievements, exercises, and
expectations of the task. What's more, it depicts the obligations of the
project supervisory crew and the assets required for the task. It likewise
incorporates the depiction of equipment and programming, (for
example, compilers and interfaces) and records the techniques and
principles to be utilized. These strategies and guidelines incorporate
calculations, instruments, survey methods, plan language, programming
language, and testing methods.

A project plan encourages a task supervisor to get, screen, and control

the advancement of programming project. This arrangement is utilized
as a methods for correspondence between the clients and task
supervisory crew. There are different focal points related with a project
plan, some of which are recorded beneath.

 It guarantees that product is created by the client prerequisites,

goals, and extent of the task.
 It distinguishes the job of each task supervisory crew part
associated with the project.
 It screens the advancement of the task as per the project plan.
  It decides the accessible assets and the exercises to be
performed during programming improvement.
 It gives an outline to the executives about the expenses of the
product venture, which are assessed during project planning.

Note that there are contrasts in the substance of two task plans relying
upon the sort of project and client prerequisites. The atypical task plan
is partitioned into the accompanying areas.

Presentation: Portrays the goals of the project and gives data about
the requirements that influence the product venture.

Undertaking association: Portrays the obligations doled out to the

venture supervisory group individuals for finishing the task.

Hazard examination: Portrays the dangers that can emerge during

programming advancement just as discloses how to evaluate and
diminish the impact of dangers.

Asset prerequisites: Indicates the equipment and programming

required to do the product project. Cost estimation is finished by these
asset prerequisites.

Work breakdown: Depicts the exercises into which the task is isolated.
It additionally depicts the achievements and expectations of the task
exercises.

Project plan: Indicates the conditions of exercises on one another. In

light of this, the time required by the venture supervisory crew
individuals to finish the task exercises is evaluated.
SQA Techniques
Software Quality Assurance
What is Quality?

Quality includes any unparalleled qualities, for example, accuracy,

performance, durability, testing, ease of use, consistent quality,
efficiency, respectability, re-operation, and interaction.

There are two types of quality

1. Design quality
2. Quality of consistency

Design Quality: Design Quality refers to the qualities that editors

decide for themselves. Testing of materials, resistance, and
performance details all add to Design Quality.

Consensus uality: Consensus quality of how structural decisions are

followed during a merger. The more prominent the level of consistency,
the higher the degree of compatibility.

Software Quality: Software quality is seen as a clear agreement to

define usage and performance requirements, unequivocally reported
development instructions, and the unmistakable features expected of all
technically changed applications.

Quality Control: Quality Control includes the continuation of tests,

surveys, and tests used throughout the process to ensure that each
item of work meets the requirements set out in it. Quality control
involves a circle of criticism in the process that makes a work object.
Quality Assurance: Quality Assurance is an exercise program that
provides outstanding assurance that the work will be successfully
completed.

How do quality assurance centers around the structure and movement

of the forum end?

Since anyone loves the kind of last thing, we have to make sure we
build the right thing.
It can be well verified when we test and evaluate the measured items, if
possible any bugs, at that time, have been fixed. This quality can be
developed.

Significance of Value

We would expect the quality to be a concern for all manufacturers and

businesses. Not by stance, the undeniable qualities of the system and
especially its irresponsibility and uncertainty, sets different expectations.

Extension of program value: The end client or client is often

concerned with the general type of program, especially its reliability.
This is exacerbating the situation as organizations rely on the continuity
of their PC framework and programs are increasingly being used more
and more in the basic social areas. For example, flight control.

System inefficiency: This makes it try to see if a specific assignment in

action is completed in a consistent manner. The results of this
commitment can be questioned by asking engineers to produce
'expectations' that can be qualitatively analyzed.
Consolidation of errors during system optimization: Since the PC
framework progress consists of several stages in which a single-level
yield is added to the next, errors in the front? Expected? It will be
applied to those in the later stages of creating direct collective impacts.
All in all the reliability of the error, it will be very expensive to fix. In
addition, because the magnitude of the framework errors is not
understood, the task intervals of the work are very tempting to control.

SQA Encompasses

 A quality administration approach .

 Viable Software Engineering Technology (techniques and
apparatuses) .
 Formal specialized surveys that are tried all through the software
process.
 A multitier testing technique.
 Control of software documentation and the progressions made to it.
 A strategy to guarantee compliances with software development
standards.
 Estimating and announcing components.

SQA Activities

Software Quality assurance is made out of an assortment of capacities

related to two distinct supporters? the product engineers who

accomplish specialized work and an SQA bunch that has the obligation
regarding quality affirmation planning, record keeping, examination,

and announcing.

An autonomous SQA gathering performs following activities:

Readies an SQA plan for a project:
The program is created during the project planning and is assessed by

all partners. The arrangement administers quality affirmation activities

performed by the product-building group and the SQA gathering. The

arrangement distinguishes figuring to be performed, reviews and audits

to be performed, principles that apply to the project, methods for

blunder announcing and following, records to be delivered by the SQA

group, and measure of input gave to the product project group.

Takes an interest in the improvement of the project's product

procedure portrayal:

The product group chooses a procedure for the work to be performed.

The SQA bunch surveys the procedure portrayal for consistency with

authoritative arrangement, interior-programming measures, remotely

forced gauges (for example ISO-9001), and different pieces of the

product project plan.

Audits programming building activities to check consistency with

the characterized software process:

The SQA bunch distinguishes, reports, and tracks deviations from the
procedure and confirms that redresses have been made.

Reviews assigned software work items to confirm consistency with

those characterized as a piece of the product procedure:

The SQA bunch surveys chosen work products, distinguishes, records

and tracks deviations, check that redresses have been made, and
intermittently reports the aftereffects of its work to the project
administrator.

Guarantees that deviations in programming work and work

products are recorded and taken care of as indicated by a reported

technique:

Deviations might be experienced in the project strategy, process

depiction, appropriate measures, or specialized work items.

Records any resistance and reports to senior administration:

Rebelliousness things are followed until they are settled.

Software quality assurance is an arranged and precise arrangement of

all activities important to give satisfactory certainty that a thing or item

fits in with build up specialized necessities.

A lot of activities intended to ascertain the procedure by which the

products are developed or manufactured.

Free Project Management Softwares

Here are the 21 best free and easy to use project management software
to help you start managing projects right away.

 ClickUp
 MeisterTask
 TeamWeek
 Trello
 Wrike
 Bitrix24
 Teamwork Projects
 Asana
 Todoist
 Airtable
 TeamGantt
 FreedCamp
 Redbooth
 Basecamp
 Paymo
 Podio
 Hitask
 Zenkit
 Toggl Plan
 Zoho Projects
 Yodiz

Software Houses in Karachi

1. AWA Software House

Address: Goth Baluch Khan Rd, Block 13D-3 Block 13 D 3
Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh

2. Mobile Apps Development Company

Address: Anum Empire, Shahrah-e-Faisal Rd, Jinnah Housing

Society PECHS, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 74200

3. Software Island

Address: Office # 4, Mezzanine Floor, Above Meezan Bank,

Rashid Minhas Rd, Block 10-A Block 10 A Gulshan-e-Iqbal,
Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh
4. Folio3 Pvt Ltd

Address: Plot # 163, Shahrah-e-Faisal Rd, Bangalore

Town Darwaish Colony, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh
75350

5. Sapphire Consulting Services

Address: C-4 KDA Scheme 1, Karsaz Road, KDA Scheme

1, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh

6. Anwer Bukhari Software House

Address: Jamshed Road, Saddar Shikarpur Colony, Karachi, Karachi

City, Sindh
7. Alcop House
Address: Baloch Colony Flyover, opposite Preston University,
Near HBL Karachi، Block A Bangalore Town, Karachi, Karachi City,
Sindh

8. MakSoft Software House

Address: 3 floor, Shop # T77, Amma Tower Saddar, Karachi,

Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 78400

9. CIS PVT LTD

Address: 91/B Tipu Sultan Rd, M.A.C.H.S Muhammad

Ali Chs (Machs), Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh

10. Xacle Tech (Software House)

Address: Office #404,4th Floor Pak Bait-Ul-Qayam

Building I.I Chandriger Road, Gulbahar, Karachi, Karachi City,
Sindh 71400
11. Decimalz

Address: Office # 203, Business Center, Shahrah-e-

Faisal Rd, Pakistan Employees Co-Operative Housing Society
Block 6 PECHS, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 75400

12. Genetech Solutions

Address: 166 G/5, Block 3, PECHS, Karachi, Sindh, 75400

13. Comsoft Systems

Address: LS 192, Sector 33-G, Korangi Industrial Area, Sector

33 G Korangi, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh 74900

Jobs and Salaries

(1) Software Project Manager

Company: Native Brains

Salary: 55K – 80K per month

(2) Software Project Manager

Company: Matech Consulting and Outsourcing

Salary: 80K – 100K per month

(3) Project Manager

Company: LN technologies

Salary: 70K – 100K per month

(4) Software Project Manager

Company: TAFSOL technologies private limited

Salary: 25K – 100K per month

(5) Manager Projects Software

Company: LEVEL 3 BOS (PVT) Ltd

Salary: 70K per month

(6) Amazon Specialist Manager

Company: AMZ One Step

Salary: 90K per month

(7) Graphic design Manager

Company: AMZ One Step

Salary: 80K per month

(9) IT Development Manager

Strong-programming background is required

Company: ECOM Specialist LLC

Salary: 90K per month

(10) Backend Developers Manager

Company: eZone

Salary: 80K – 100K per month

 Project Management Certifications
Behind every successful IT project, you will find a very talented project
manager. From hardware and software upgrades to continuous
security patches, app development and software release itself, project
managers keep your teams working and productive.

Almost any IT pro can benefit by adding a project management

certificate to their IT certification list, which demonstrates your ability
to plan, budget, create, deliver and report on IT programs.
No matter what your IT role, a project management certification can add
value to your role.
Here are the top project management certifications.

 Associate in Project Management

 BVOP Certified Project Manager
 Certified Associate in Project Management (CAPM)
 Certified Project Director
 Certified Project Management Practitioner (CPMP)
 Certified Project Manager (CPM)
 Certified ScrumMaster (CSM)
 CompTIA Project+
 Master Project Manager (MPM)
 PRINCE2 Foundation/PRINCE2 Practitioner
 Professional in Project Management (PPM)
 Project Management in IT Security (PMITS)
 Project Management Professional (PMP)
 Assignment Part-II

Q1. Giving reasons for your answer based on the type of system
being developed, suggest the most appropriate generic software
process model that might be used as a basis for managing the
development of the following systems:

• A system to control anti-lock braking in a car

This is a sensitive security system and therefore requires a lot of

analysis before implementation. It really needs a plan-driven approach
that goes hand in hand with carefully analyzed needs. The waterfall
model is therefore the most suitable method you can use, perhaps
with official changes between the various stages of development.

• A virtual reality system to support software maintenance

This is a system where the requirements will change and there will be
a wide range of user features. Incremental development with,
perhaps, alternative UI prototyping is a more appropriate model. The
agile process can be used.

• A university accounting system that replaces an existing

system

This is a program with its well-known needs and that will be used
locally in conjunction with many other programs such as the research
grant management system. Therefore, a reuse-based approach may
be appropriate for this.

• An interactive travel planning system that helps users plan

journeys with the lowest environmental impact

A system with a user-friendly interface but which must be stable and

reliable. The Incremental development approach is more appropriate
as the needs of the system will change as the actual user experience
of the system becomes available.

Q2. Describe RUP process model.

Stands for "Rational Unified Process." RUP is a software development
process from Rational, a division of IBM. It divides the development
process into four distinct phases that include each business modeling,
analysis and construction, implementation, testing and delivery.

The four categories are:

Implementation - Refers to the project idea. The development team

decides whether to follow the project and what resources will be
needed.

Expansion - Project construction and the necessary resources are re-

evaluated. Developers consider the possible use of software and the
costs associated with development.

Construction - The project was upgraded and completed. Software

designed, written, and tested.

Transformation - Software is released to the public. Final

adjustments or updates are made based on feedback from end users.

The RUP development approach provides a structured way for

companies to visualize creating software programs. As it provides a
step-by-step plan for the development process, it helps prevent
resources from wasting and reduces unexpected development costs.

Q3. Explain why incremental development is the most effective

approach for developing business software systems. Why is this
model less appropriate for real-time systems engineering?
Business software programs tend to be complex, software-wide, and
change as the business objectives or processes change. So
incremental development is better.

Real-time programs often include many hardware components that are

not easy to replace and do not mount. And real-time systems are often
critical security that needs to be built according to a well-planned
process.

Q4. Explain why change is inevitable in complex systems and give

examples (apart from prototyping and incremental delivery) of
software process activities that help predict changes and make the
software being developed more resilient to change.

Requirements may change due to market / environmental changes.

Sometimes a better solution to old needs is also necessary.
Developing software collaboratively can help predict change, as
professionals can have a better understanding of possible changes in
the business environment in the future.
Apply-based make-up can limit the effect of many changes within some
items but not the whole system.

Q5. Explain why Boehm’s spiral model is an adaptable model that

can support both change avoidance and change tolerance
activities.?

This is due to the clear management of the risk model of Boehm's Spiral
model. By recognizing and managing the risk between planning and
development, many changes can be avoided in advance and plans for
future changes can be made to improve the tolerance of change.
The Spiral model can be very expensive in most cases, that is probably
why it can be widely used. Another reason is that as the development
progresses, the lack of full definition before the end of the process
makes it difficult to work with management systems.

Q6. Consider the reuse-based process model shown in Figure 2.3.

Explain why it is essential to have two separate requirements
engineering activities in the process.

Requirement specification is about determining the user and system

requirements of the software system. Requirement modification to
change the specification of a requirement based on renewable
resources. Modification is necessary because we often do not have full
control over the items that can no longer work, so some functions are
required.