Basic

Principles
of photo
editing
 What is photo editing?
– Photo editing encompasses the processes of
altering images, whether they are digital
photographes, traditional photochemical photographs,
or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is
known as photo retouching, using tools such as an
airbrush to modify photographs, or editing illustrations
with any traditional art medium.
– Graphic software programs, which can be broadly
grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics
editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with
which a user may manipulate, enhance, and
transform images. Many image editing programs are
also used
to render or create computer art from scratch
 Basics of image editing
– Raster images are stored in a computer in the form of a
grid of picture elements, or pixels. These pixels contain the
image's color and brightness information. Image editors
can change the pixels to enhance the image in many ways.
However, vector graphics software, such as Adobe
Illustrator,CorelDRAW, Xara Designer Pro or Inkscape, are
used to create and modify vector images, which are stored
as descriptions of lines,Bézier curves, and text instead of
pixels
– . It is easier to rasterize a vector image than
to vectorize a raster image; how to go about vectorizing
a raster image is the focus of much research in the field
of computer vision. Vector images can be modified
more easily, because they contain descriptions of the
shapes for easy rearrangement. They are also scalable,
being rasterizable at any resolution.
Difference between Raster And
vector images
RASTER
– Raster images use many colored
pixels or individual building blocks
to form a complete image. JPEGs,
GIFs and PNGs are common
raster image types. Almost all of
the photos found on the web and
in print catalogs are raster
images.
vector
– Vector images, alternatively,
allow for more flexibility.
Constructed using mathematical
formulas rather than individual
colored blocks, vector file types
such as EPS, AI and PDF* are
excellent for creating graphics
that frequently require resizing.
 SPOT THE DIFFERENCE

JPEG, EPS, SVG

PNG,GIF,BMP
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
SPOT THE DIFFERENCE
3D MODELING

– In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling (or modelling) is the

process of developing a mathematical representation of any
three- dimensional surface of an object (either inanimate or
living)
via specialized software. The product is called a 3D model. It can
be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process
called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of
physical phenomena. The model can also be physically created
using 3D printing devices.
COMPARISON OF 2D TO 3D
 IMAGE FORMATS

RASTER
– JPEG (/ˈdʒeɪpɛɡ/ JAY-peg) is a commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images,
particularly for those images produced by digital photography.
– Portable Network Graphics (PNG /ˈpɪŋ/) is a raster graphics file format that supports lossless data
compression. PNG was created as an improved, non-patented replacement for Graphics
Interchange Format (GIF), and is the most used lossless image compression format on the Internet.
– GIF a lossless format for image files that supports both animated and static images.
– The BMP file format, also known as bitmap image file or device independent bitmap (DIB) file format or
simply a bitmap, is a raster graphics image file format used to store bitmap digital images,
independently of the display device (such as a graphics adapter), especially on Microsoft Windows and
OS/2 operating systems
 IMAGE FORMATS

VECTOR
– Encapsulated Postscript Vector graphics (Adobe Illustrator) EPS is a file extension for a graphics
file format used in vector-based images in Adobe Illustrator. EPSstands for Encapsulated
PostScript. An EPS file can contain text as well as graphics.
– Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is an XML-based vector image format for two-dimensional graphics
with support for interactivity and animation. The SVG specification is an open standard developed
by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) since 1999. SVG images and their behaviors are defined
in XML text files.
 IMAGE FORMATS

3D
– .3ds is one of the file formats used by the Autodesk 3ds Max 3D modeling, animation and rendering
software
– .fbx is an exchange format, in particular for interoperability between Autodesk products and
other Digital content creation (DCC) software packages.
IMAGE EDITING

FEATURES OF IMAGE
EDITORS
 SELECTION

– One of the prerequisites for many of the applications mentioned below is a method
of selecting part(s) of an image, thus applying a change selectively without affecting the
entire picture. Most graphics programs have several means of accomplishing this, such as:
– a marquee tool for selecting rectangular or other regular polygon-shaped regions,
– a lasso tool for freehand selection of a region,
– a magic wand tool that selects objects or regions in the image defined by proximity of
color or luminance,
– vector-based pen tools,
– as well as more advanced facilities such as edge detection, masking, alpha compositing,
and color and channel-based extraction. The border of a selected area in an image is often
animated with the marching ants effect to help the user to distinguish the selection border
from the image background.
SELECTION TOOLS SELECTION (MARCHING ANTS)
 LAYERS

– Another feature common to many graphics applications is that of Layers, which

are analogous to sheets of transparent acetate (each containing separate elements
that make up a combined picture), stacked on top of each other, each capable of
being individually positioned, altered and blended with the layers below, without
affecting any of the elements on the other layers.
MULTIPLE
LAYERS
 IMAGE SIZE

– Image editors can resize images in a process often called image scaling, making them
larger, or smaller. High image resolution cameras can produce large images which
are often reduced in size for Internet use.
 CROPPING

– Digital editors are used to crop images. Cropping creates a new image by selecting
a desired rectangular portion from the image being cropped. The unwanted part of
the image is discarded. Image cropping does not reduce the resolution of the area
cropped. Best results are obtained when the original image has a high resolution. A
primary reason for cropping is to improve the image composition in the new image.
 CLONING

– The Clone tool uses the current brush to copy from an image or pattern. It has
many uses: one of the most important is to repair problem areas in digital photos
 IMAGE ORIENTATION

– Image editors are capable of altering an image to be rotated in any direction and to
any degree. Mirror images can be created and images can be horizontally flipped or
vertically flopped. A small rotation of several degrees is often enough to level
the horizon, correct verticality(of a building, for example), or both. Rotated images
usually require cropping afterwards, in order to remove the resulting gaps at the
image edges.
 PERSPECTIVE

– the art of drawing solid objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right
impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other
when viewed from a particular point.
 SHARPENING AND
SOFTENING
– Sharpening makes images clearer. Too much sharpening causes
grains on the surface of the image.
– Softening makes images softer that removes some of the highly
visible flaws. Too much causes the image to blur.
 SATURATION

– Saturation is an expression for the relative bandwidth of the

visible output from a light source.
– As saturation increases, colors appear more "pure." As saturation
decreases, colors appear more "washed-out."
 CONTRAST AND
BRIGHTENING
– contrast of images and brighten or darken the image. Underexposed images can
often be improved by using this feature.
– Brightening lightens the image so the photo brightens up. Brightness is a relative
expression of the intensity of the energy output of a visible light source.
– Adjusting contrast means adjusting brightness because they work together to make
a better image
PHOTOMANIPULATION
PHOTO MANIPULATION

– Photo manipulation involves transforming or

altering a photograph using various methods and
techniques to achieve desired results. Some photo
manipulations are considered skillful artwork
while others are frowned upon as unethical
practices,
especially when used to deceive the public, such as that
used for political propaganda, or to make a product or
person look better.
PHOTO MANIPULATION
EXAMPLES
 IMAGE EDITING &
PHOTOMANIPULATION

DIFFERENCE

– PHOTO EDITING
– signifies the regular process
used to enchance photos and
to create them " Actual
editing simple process". Also
Includes some of the regular
programs used for editing
and expose how to use
them.
DIFFERENCES
– PHOTO MANIPULATION
– includes all simple editing techniques and have
somme manipulation techniques like erasing,
adding objects, adding some graphical effects,
background correction, creating incredible
effect, change elements in an image, adding
styles, eliminating blemishes from a person's
face and changing the features of a person's
body with unbelievable look
SUMMARY

IMAGE EDITING FEATURES

TYPES OF IMAGES
4S – SELECTION, SHARPENING AND
– RASTER ( JPEG, PNG, SOFTENING, SATURATION
GIF, BMP) 2C – CROPPING, CLONING
CONTRAST AND BRIGHTENING
– VECTOR (EPS, LAYERS
SVG)
IMAGE SIZE
– 3D (.3DS, .FBX) IMAGE ORIENTATION
PERSPECTIVE