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1. Design Formulae for R.C. Structures (Based on H.K. Code of practice for structural use
of concrete 2004)
Effective breadth b:
T-beams - web width bw + lz/5 or the actual flange width if less
L-beams - web width bw + lz/10 or the actual flange width if less
lz is the distance between points of zero moments in the beam.
For tension reinforcement:
'
100A s
L-beam: Min. 0 .2 ,
bw h
Rectangular beam:
Maximum reinforcement percentage:
100A s
Max. 4.0
bh
Minimum reinforcement percentage:
100A s
Min: 0.13
bh
Reinforced Concrete Design Data Page 10
1.4 Shear Reinforcement for Beam & Slab
V
v
b vd
Asv b(v vc )
For v vc vr :
sv 0.87 f yv
Asv b vr
For v vc vr :
sv 0.87 f yv
For short braced columns of nominal eccentricity and not subjected to significant moments:
N = 0.4fcuAc + 0.75Ascfy le = lo
For short braced columns supporting an approximately symmetrical arrangement of beams :
N = 0.35fcuAc + 0.67fyAsc
For columns resisting pure axial forces:
Nuz = 0.45fcuAc + 0.87fyAsc
Note: All the terms and symbols bear their usual meanings.
Reinforced Concrete Design Data Page 11
_________________________________________________________________________________
Table 1 - Area of Steel Reinforcement
Reinforced Concrete Design Data Page 12
Table 2 - Form and area of shear reinforcement in beams
Reproduced from H.K.Code of practice for structural use of concrete 2004: Section 6
Reinforced Concrete Design Data Page 13
Table 3 - Values of vc design concrete shear stress
Reproduced from Code of practice for structural use of concrete 2004: Section 6
Reinforced Concrete Design Data Page 14
Table 4 - Values of β for RC Columns
Reproduced from Code of practice for structural use of concrete 2004: Section 6
Structural Steel Design Data Page 15
Design Formulae for Structural Steel Design (Based on Code of Practice for the Structural
Use of Steel, Hong Kong
2.1 Steel Properties
Steel: E = 205,000 N/mm2
2.2 Bending
0 .5
275
Mcx = py Sx, Mcy = pySy
py
1.2 pyZx 1.2 pyZy
2.3 Shear
p y Av
Vc = Av = t D for rolled I, H and channel sections
3
2.5 Deflection
5 wl 4
for UDL
384 EI
Pl 3
for point load at mid-span.
48 EI
2.6 Buckling Resistance
1
v
2
0.25
1 0.05( )
x
Note: All the terms and symbols bear their usual meanings
Structural Steel Design Data Page 16
2.7 Tension Members
Pt = Ae p y
For single angle connected through one leg, single channel through the web or
a single T section through the flange,
bolted connections, Pt = py (Ae – 0.5 a2)
welded connections, Pt = py (Ae – 0.3 a2)
in which a2 = Ag – a1
Simple Construction :
LT = 0.5L / ry
Fc Mx My
+ + 1
Pc M cx M cy
Fc m M My
+ LT LT + 1
Pcy Mb M cy
Note: All the terms and symbols bear their usual meanings
Structural Steel Design Data Page 17
2.10 Connection - Ordinary Bolts
Shear: P s = p s As
Tension: Pt = As pt or Pnom = 0.8 As pt
Bolt Bearing: Pbb = d tp pbb
Bearing of connected part:
Pbs = kbs d tp pbs
Pbs = 0.5 kbs e tp pbs
and Pbs = 1.5 Ic tp Us 2.0 d tp Ub
where e = end distance measured in the direction of load transfer
kbs = 1.0 for standard holes, 0.7 for oversize and short slotted holes
Ic = net distance between the bearing edge of the holes and the near edge of adjacent holes
in the direction of load transfer
pbs = bearing strength of connected parts
for steel grade S275, pbs = 460 MPa
for steel grade S355, pbs = 550 MPa
for steel grade S460, pbs = 670 MPa
Us is the specified minimum tensile strength of parent metal =430 N/mm2 for S275
=510 N/mm2 for S355
Ub is the specified minimum tensile strength of bolts = 800 N/mm2 for grade 8.8 bolt
Reproduced from Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 20051
Note: All the terms and symbols bear their usual meanings
Reproduced from Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 20051
Structural Steel Design Data Page 20
Reproduced from Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 20051
Structural Steel Design Data Page 21
Reproduced from Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 20051
Structural Steel Design Data Page 22
Reproduced from Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel 20051
Structural Steel Design Data Page 23
Reproduced from “Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1: 2000, Volume 1, 6th Edition, SCI”
Structural Steel Design Data Page 24
Reproduced from “Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1: 2000, Volume 1, 6th Edition, SCI”
Structural Steel Design Data Page 25
Reproduced from “Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1: 2000, Volume 1, 6th Edition, SCI”
Structural Steel Design Data Page 26
Reproduced from “Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1: 2000, Volume 1, 6th Edition, SCI”
Structural Steel Design Data Page 27
Reproduced from “Design Guide to BS 5950: Part 1: 2000, Volume 1, 6th Edition, SCI”