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WindSyn for ATPDraw

Conference Paper · September 2008

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WindSyn for ATPDraw

Gabor Furst Consultant, Canada 1745 Martin Dr. Surrey

Canada, V4A9T5
Tel: 1-604 5356540
gfurst@telus.net
Dr. Hans Kr. Hoidalen, NTNU, Norway Electrical Power Engineering
O.S.Bragstadspl, 2F
N-7491, Trondheim, Norway
Tel: 74594225/Fax:73594279
Hans.hoidalen@elkraft.ntnu.no

Abstract – The INDMOT/WindSyn/WindSyn family of stand alone programs have been

used for the last 13 years to enter U.M. (Universal Machine) data based on engineering
machine performance specifications. They have been used also as a preprocessor for
entering coil data in the ATPDraw U.M. components. The new ATPDraw WindSyn
component combines the U.M. Types 1, 3 and 4 by eliminating the need for generating coil
data by creating a new ATPDraw component which uses machine performance specification.
The paper describes the use of this new component and additional options available for
simulating running conditions for induction and synchronous machines. An eight machine
ATPDraw example is given

Keywords : Induction machines, synchronous machines, ATPDraw components, TACS

control of machines.

1 The WindSyn Component

WindSyn is a data processor program for types 1, 3 and 4 of the ATP Universal Machines.
The program was developed by Gabor Furst Consultant of Vancouver, Canada. The
program generates ATP U.M. data entries based on user data input of engineering
performance data, rather than the ATP coil data as required by (1). The application of the
WindSyn program in ATPDraw was developed recently by Dr. H.K. Hoidalen of NTNU,
Norway. A new component was created common for all three U.M. machine types 1, 3 and 4,
incorporating the ATPDraw version of the WindSyn program. The WindSyn component icon
is shown in Figure 1, named UM/W. “IM-type” or “Syn-type” appears in the icon under
“UM/W”, selected automatically by ATPDraw, depending on the user’s machine selection.

Fig. 1: UM/W WindSyn icon

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The ATPDraw version of WindSyn supports the following machine types

Induction machines:
• Wound rotors
• Single cage rotors
• Double cage rotors
• Deep bar rotors
Synchronous machines
• Salient pole rotors with amortisseur (damper) winding in the direct axis only
• Salient pole rotors with amortisseur windings in both direct and quadrature axis
• Round rotors with amortisseurs assumed in both direct and quadrature axis

Synchronous machines without amortisseurs are not supported by the ATPDraw version of
WindSyn

The UM/W Dialogue Box

Figure 2: The WindSyn component dialogue box.

Data can be entered in two ways:

(a) through the dialogue box

(b) through the WindSyn data forms

When option (a) is used:

- select the machine type under the sliding list “Kind”
- enter/modify the data under the main “Data” list

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 - click on “WindSyn” to invoke the program
- the program will automatically selects the data page corresponding the user’s
selection under “Kind”
- run WindSyn as described in the WindSyn manual. The running of WindSyn is self
explanatory
- when selected all machine performance and running data, click on “Create files/Save
data”
- Click on Exit

When option (b) is used

- click on “WindSyn” to invoke the program

- continue as under option (a) to create data
- ATPDraw will update the data under the list “Kind” and under the main “Data” list

Under both options the user must specify a name for the machine which must be unique. The
rules for U.M. simulation in ATP (1) require that simulation initialization and the method of
solution have to be the same for all machines in a data case

The global data INITUM (automatic or de-coupled) and ICOMP (compensation or prediction
method) are selected under ATP|Settings/Switch/UM. Only SI-units are supported by
Windsyn. All machines must follow the same global settings. The path to the Windsyn
program is specified under Tools|Options/Preferences. These choices are stored in the
atpdraw.ini file. The Run Windsyn button has to be clicked in order to run the Windsyn
program and update the lib-file used in the $Include statement in the data case. The name of
the lib-file is equal to the Machine Name followed by '.lib'.

The $Include file (MyMachine.lib) is always stored in the ResultDir (together with all results
files of the project) default set as the ATP-directory under Tools|Options/Files&Folders (and
changed via ATP|Sub-process|Make ATP-file). While Windsyn is running the text 'Windsyn
is running (ESC)' is written below the machine number. ATPDraw waits for Windsyn to
terminate before reading in the result files. If Windsyn does not terminate properly the ESC
key has to be pressed to exit the wait-loop. Illegal terminations happens if the user clicks the
upper right cancel cross in Windsyn or if something goes wrong with the wis-file, path
settings, or machine data fitting. When Windsyn terminates, ATPDraw reads in the data base
module dat-file (MyMachine.dat) and executes ATP to produce the lib-file. At the same time
the wis-file from Windsyn is also read and the Data grid, Kind and Run data page updated.
All data are stored in the ATPDraw /Project directory.

The process is terminated by clicking on the OK button. The machine type and data selection
are remembered by ATPDraw for each machine in the respective acp file, and displayed
correctly when a machine icon is selected for reviewing or modifying data.

Interface nodes

There are four interface nodes available for connecting to the electrical network and controls.

BUSM for interfacing with the network

TORQUE for controlling machine torque (load)
ROTM wound rotor three phase slip ring connections, not used for the other

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 machine types
EFXD synchronous machine field winding input

All four nodes are shown with machine icon, but used only with the machine types as
indicted above

2 The WindSyn Program

Running the WindSyn Program

When running the WindSyn program the user encounters five forms (pages):
- Initialization
- Machine type selection
- Machine data entry
- Data adjustment for induction machines only
- Run data

Initialization

Fig. 3: WindSyn initialization

While in the regular use of the WindSyn component initialization is done through ATP
Settings, there are some running error conditions when the initialization has to be done
through the program using the Initialization page.. The initialization requires the entry of
- the path of the project files which has to be the same as in the
ATPDraw/Tools/Options/Files
- the Compensation or Prediction options for the study
- the Decoupled (Manual) or Auto Initialize machine starting option for the
study

The Initialization is completed for the first (1#) machine only, and must not be changed for
the other machines in any particular data case. All machines have to have the same
initialization settings; if one machine has its settings changed all the other machines must
follow this change. The WindSyn Initialization form is accessible through selecting
Change Type/Initialization.
Machine Type Selection

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Fig. 4 – WindSyn machine type selection

The WindSyn component as explained above allows the user to select a machine type in the
dialogue box Kind list or running WindSyn. If WindSyn is run a machine type can be
selected in the form labeled Select machine type shown in Figure 4. Two synchronous
machine types, both machines having no physical or virtual damper (amortisseurs) windings,
are not supported in the ATPDraw version of WindSyn.

Machine Data Entry

Corresponding to the machine types supported there are seven different data entry forms, four
for induction machines and three for synchronous machines. The four induction machine
data dorms are very similar and differ only in the specification of a cage factor required for
double cage and deep bar machines only. There are, of course, differences in the default data
entered in the forms for the machines. An attempt was made to adjust the default data
according to general design practice, but the acceptance or modification of the data for a
specific study is up to the user.

Induction machines

The data items are self explanatory, dimensions are given for each data item in terms of
engineering practice. These data are internally converted in WindSyn to dimensions used in
ATP’s U.M. The conversion uses the SI option only, WindSyn does not allow use in Per
Units. The only data item where different dimensions are allowed is the machine inertia
which can be specified in H kWs/kVA, mkg2 or WR2. The selection is made on the form in
the lower right hand side.

Figure 5 shows as an example the data form for double cage induction motor.

5
Fig. 5: Induction motor data form for a double cage rotor

As induction motor parameters are interdependent, it is not unusual fo encounter data which
are inconsistent. WindSyn checks data for consistency and displays the adjusted and original
data in the form Data Comparison (not shown)

. The WindSyn program does not support armature (stator) saturation. This data is very
difficult to obtain, even from manufacturers. Armature saturation characteristics play an
insignificant role in the vast majority of induction motor operation. In the infrequent events
when it may be required for very large motors or induction generators, saturation can be
represented separately at machine terminals. It was found, however, that rotor coil saturation
does play a significant role. As this is not allowed for the ATP U.M. model, it was decided
to introduce it in WindSyn as an average saturation level above a rotor threshold current. A
large number of simulations performed indicated that a threshold current of 2.0 is a
reasonable choice for both motor starting and normal operation. The calculation of the
saturation function is given in (2). . Should the user desire to neglect saturation, the threshold
value can be entered as 5.0 or higher.

The cage factor defaulted in the data forms for double cage and deep bar rotors are average
values from the literature.

Synchronous machines

The data form for a typical round rot machine is shown in Figure. 6.

6
.

Fig. 6 – Data for a round rotor synchronous machine

Round rotor shown in Fig. 6

This type of synchronous machine has at least one physical coil in the direct axis, the field
winding, and one virtual damper winding (coil) in both axes due to the solid steel rotor.
Therefore all direct and quadrature axis reactances and time constants have to be entered in
the data form. As for typical synchronous machine analysis, the internal U.M. model for the
rotor circuits is developed from the time constants. An option is available to enter the rated
no load current and resistance of the field winding.

Salient pole machines

For a salient pole machine with damper with a connected damper winding the data form is
very similar to a round rotor machine except the quadrature axis transient reactance (Xq’) and
time constant (Tq0’) is not applicable.

For a salient pole machine with a d axis damper winding only, the q axis transient and
subtransient entries are not applicable.

Run Data

One major benefit of the WindSyn component is the ability to control time domain operation
of a machine without having to develop an additional TACS or MODELS input for the
component. The options for the running conditions are specified in the Run Data form.
Shown in Fig. 7 for induction machines with decoupled starting

The optional run data specifies motor starting conditions for decoupled starting of induction
motors, extra load applied in the time period of simulation and switching in a machine for
staggered starting in a multi-machine case. For synchronous machines only extra load during
and switching of simulation start in the time domain is available.

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 Fig. 7 –Run data dialogue
for induction machines;
decoupled starting

The possible options and data specified are

-extra load applied in terms of rated load

-time at which the extra load is applied
-ramp time of the extra load
-multiple of default damping constant
-machine circuit breaker closing time
-choice of
No load at reaching full speed
Full load at reaching full speed
Starting torque as function of speed
When clicking on the Starting Torque option three parameters of the torque are entered (not
shown in Fig. 7)
- the full speed starting torque
- the breakaway torque
- the exponent at which the torque increases as a function of speed

For auto-initialization options only the extra load, damping and machine breaker closing is
specified, in addition to the slip at full speed (initial), as shown in Figure 8.

8
 Fig. 8: Run data
Induction machine
auto-initialization

Figure 9 shows the run data dialogue for a synchronous machine

Fig. 9: Run data for

Synchronous machine

Damping of oscillations

The ATP U.M. module is prone to solutions which are oscillatory to some degree. The reason
for this is not well understood. A damping resistance (1/r) in the analogue mechanical
network is used to damp oscillation. The value of this resistance is empirical, WindSyn
provides a default value which can be increased or decreased by a multiplier.
Stator winding

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The ATP U.M. module works in the dq domain. WindSyn derives the required dq
parameters from performance data without having to resort to the physical stator winding
connection. For simplicity, however, the stator is assumed to have a star winding with one
end of the winding connected to a neutral point, the other end to the machine terminals. The
neutral point is not grounded in the network. This assumption also corresponds to a physical
delta winding used extensively in small and medium size machines. The current version of
WindSyn does not allow for direct or impedance grounding of the neutral point. The ATP
U.M. module is not designed for unbalanced machine operation and single line to ground
faults could yield erroneous simulation.

WindSyn files - Errors

The ATPDraw version of WindSyn generates two files. An atpdraw.wis file and an
atpdraw.dat file. The atpdraw.dat file is a DBM file from which ATPDraw generates the
required atpdraw.lib file. The invoking of WindSyn requires that a valid atpdraw.wis file
be available in the project folder

Should the wis file be corrupted or accidentally deleted, WindSyn will send an error message.
The error message directs the user to re-initialize WindSyn, or in case of some type of errors
a fatal error of Code 55 is sent. In the latter case WindSyn must be restarted with blank on
the command line and a valid wis file created.

3. Example

Fig. 10 illustrates a 6.9 kV network supplied from a 120/6.9 kV transformer. The 6.9
kV network feeds three synchronous and five induction machines rated in the range of
300 to 1000 HP. The machines are separated by 15 km long transmission line segments
partly to demonstrate the necessity of separating UM machines modeled with the
compensation type solution. The simulations uses the “decoupled” sometimes wrongly
referred to as manual machine starting method. The manual initialization as described in
(1) is only practical for the simplest type of machines. The staggered starting of the
machines which is required also from a practical point of view is also shown in the
example as a feature readily available with the WindSyn component. The plot in Fig. 11
shows the staggered starting of the eight machines. The plots showing the extender
starting period are for synchronous machines, started on their damper windings as
induction machines.

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 7syn-rd 8ind-dbr
Exfd Exfd

REQ

SM-rd
UM/W

IM-dbr
UM/W
2ind-sgl Torque Torque
X0035

Exfd UM/W
IM-sgl

Torque

I
SRCA
U V
I I
Y Y
V SAT

3ind-dbl
Torque

UM/W
IM-dbl
Exfd
1ind-wnd Torque

IM-dbr
UM/W
Exfd UM/W
IM-wnd
4ind-dbr
X0033 Torque
Exfd
UM/W Exfd
SM-rd
5syn-rd
Torque

X0034
Torque
SM-sdq
UM/W

6sal-dq
Exfd

Fig. 10: 8 machine example created with WindSyn ATPDraw

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0
0 3 6 9 12 [s] 15
(f ile BPA-8mach_6.9.pl4; x-v ar t) t:SPED1 t:SPED2 t:SPED3 t:SPED5 t:SPED6 t:SPED7 t:SPED8
t:SPED4

Fig. 11: Decoupled (DOL) staggered starting of induction and synchronous machines

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 References:

1. ATP Rule Book Chapter IX, “The Universal and Time Domain Machine Models Rev
2007.”
2. Induction Machine Modeling for Electromagnetic Transient program, C.G..Rogers,
D.Shirmohammadi , IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion
December 1987
3. EMTP Theory Book, Chapter 9 - Universal Machines, .H.K. Lauw

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