Superior Group of Technology

ASSIGNMENT
NAME: JAWAD SANDHU
ROLL NO: BSEF-1707
SEMESTER: 6th
TEACHER: SYED ASHRAF ALI SAHAB
SUBJECT: NANO ELECTRONICS
ASSIGNMENT NO: 2
DATE: 06-09-2020
Question: - Write a brief note on the following topics:

 Nano-medicine
 Nano-biotechnology
 Nanoart
 Green Nanotechnology
 Industrial application of Nanotechnology
 Energy Application of Nanotechnology
 Potential application of Nanotechnology

Answer:
1- Nano-Medicine:
 Introduction: -

Nano medicine is a branch of medicine that applies the knowledge and tools of
nanotechnology to the prevention and treatment of disease. Nano medicine involves the
use of nanoscale materials, such as biocompatible nanoparticles and Nano robots, for
diagnosis, delivery, sensing or actuation purposes in a living organism.
Nano medicine ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials and biological
devices, to Nano electronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular
nanotechnology such as biological machines.

 Definition: -
According to US National Nano-Medicine
“Nano Technology involves “research and technology” development at the atomic,
molecular, or macromolecular levels, in the length scale of approximately 1 to 100 nm
range”
According to European Science Foundation
“The science and the technology of diagnosing, treating and preventing diseases and
traumatic injuries of relieving pain, and improving human health, using molecular tools
and molecular knowledge of human body”

 Who Invented Nano-Medicine?

Richard Feynman
“Nano medicine has been considered a possibility ever since the concept of
nanotechnology was first articulated in 1959 by Richard Feynman, in his famous Caltech
talk”

 Aims of Nano-Medicine: -

 Comprehensive monitoring control, construction, repair, defense and

improvement of all human biological systems, working from the molecular level.
 Using engineered devices and nanostructures,
 Ultimately to achieve Nano medicine

 Use of Nano-Medicine: -
Nano medicine is the application of nanotechnology to the discipline of medicine: the use
of nanoscale materials for the diagnosis, monitoring, control, prevention, and treatment of
disease.
The most common use of Nano medicine involves employing nanoparticles to enhance
the action of drugs in treatment. Research in the field has created targeted drug delivery,
new methods of diagnosis and imaging as well as the production of hybrid treatments.

 Application of Nano-Medicine: -
Diagnostic
 Imaging and identification
Therapeutic
 Delivering medication to the exact location n killing of bacteria viruses and cancer
cells repair of damaged tissues

The application of nanotechnology to medicine (Nano medicine) has an equally strong

potential for shifting myriad paradigms in the field of medicine. This is because Nano
medicine operates at the molecular, organelle, and cellular levels; precisely where disease
processes find their genesis.
There is a rapidly growing global trend toward the development of more compact,
minimally invasive, intelligent, more accurate, and efficacious medical technologies.
Although Nano medicine is still in its very early stages, we are already seeing the
development of specialized nanoparticles, such as gold Nano shells and magnetic
nanoparticles.

 Conclusion: -

 Although realization of the full potential of Nano medicines may be years later or
decades away, recent advances in Nano technology-related to drugs delivery,
diagnosis and drug development are beginning to change the landscape
medicine.
 The possibilities are endless but will take time to develop.
 Nano Therapies could in the long term be much more economical effective and
safe and could greatly reduce the cost of current medical procedures.
 Nano medicine is the future medicine.

2-Nano-biotechnology: -
 Introduction: -
 Nano biotechnology provides insight into the structural features of biological
systems such as cell or tissue as well as to develop Nano biotechnological for
diagnostics therapeutics and tissue regeneration.
 It has application in the field of biology and medical sciences.
Nano biotechnology, bio nanotechnology, and Nano biology are terms that refer to the
intersection of nanotechnology and biology
Nano biotechnology is a discipline in which tools from nanotechnology are developed
and applied to study biological phenomena. For example, nanoparticles can serve as
probes, sensors or vehicles for biomolecule delivery in cellular systems.

 Concept: -
Most of the scientific concepts in bio nanotechnology are derived from other fields.
Biochemical principles that are used to understand the material properties of biological
systems are central in bio nanotechnology because those same principles are to be used
to create new technologies.
Nano biotechnology takes most of its fundamentals from nanotechnology. (Clarification
needed) Most of the devices designed for Nano-biotechnological use are directly based
on other existing nanotechnologies. (Citation needed) Nano biotechnology is often used
to describe the overlapping multidisciplinary activities associated with biosensors,
particularly where photonics, chemistry, biology, biophysics, Nano medicine, and
engineering converge. Measurement in biology using wave guide techniques, such as
dual-polarization interferometry, is another example.
  Applications and Perspective of Nano-Biotechnology: -
Applications of bio nanotechnology are extremely widespread. Insofar as the distinction
holds, Nano biotechnology is much more commonplace in that it simply provides more
tools for the study of biology. Bio nanotechnology, on the other hand, promises to
recreate biological mechanisms and pathways in a form that is useful in other ways.

 Development of Tools and Methods: -

 More sensitive
 More specific
 Multiplexed
 More efficient and economic

 Implementation:-
Diagnosis and treatment of disease
-Rapid sensitive detection (Biomarkers, imaging)
-Targeted delivery of therapeutics
Drug development
-Understanding of life science
3- Nanoart: -
Introduction: -
Nanoart is a novel art discipline related to science and technology. It depicts natural or
synthetic structures with features sized at the nanometer scale, which are observed by
electron or scanning probe microscopy techniques in scientific laboratories.
Nanoart is a complex artistic-scientific process that comprises three major components:

 Creation of the Nano sculpture (sculpture at atomic and molecular levels, by

manipulating atoms and molecules using chemical reactions and physical
processes) or discovery of the Nano landscape (natural nanostructures, mostly
biological)

 Visualization of the nanostructure (which is facilitated by the use of advanced

microscopes) and image capture

 Artistic interpretation of the scientific images using different artistic techniques in

order to convert these images in pieces of artwork to be showcased for large
audiences and to educate the public with creative images that are appealing and
acceptable.
4- Green Nanotechnology
 Introduction: -
Green nanotechnology refers to the use of nanotechnology to enhance the
environmental sustainability of processes producing negative externalities. It also refers to
the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance sustainability.

Nanotechnology represents a revolutionary path for technological development that

concerns the management of material at the nanometer scale (one billion times smaller
than a meter). Nanotechnology factually means any technology on the nanoscale that has
numerous applications in the real world. Nanotechnology literally encompasses the
fabrication and application of chemical, physical, and biological systems at scales ranging
from individual molecules or atoms to submicron dimensions, and also the integration of
these resulting nanomaterials into larger systems. It has the potential to change our
perspectives and expectations and provide us with the capability to resolve global issues.
The discovery and use of carbon nanomaterials has allowed the introduction of many new
areas of technology in Nano medicine, biosensors, and bioelectronics. In recent years,
nanotechnology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field, in which gaining a fundamental
understanding of the electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties of
nanostructures promises to deliver the next generation of functional materials with wide-
ranging applications. Nanostructures can also provide solutions to technological and
environmental challenges in the areas of catalysis, medicine, solar energy conversion, and
water treatment.

 Aims of Green Nano-Technology: -

Green nanotechnology has two goals: producing nanomaterials and products without
harming the environment or human health, and producing Nano-products that provide
solutions to environmental problems. It uses existing principles of green chemistry and
green engineering to make nanomaterials and Nano-products without toxic ingredients,
at low temperatures using less energy and renewable inputs wherever possible, and using
lifecycle thinking in all design and engineering stages.

In addition to making nanomaterials and products with less impact to the environment,
green nanotechnology also means using nanotechnology to make current manufacturing
processes for non-Nano materials and products more environmentally friendly. For
example, nanoscale membranes can help separate desired chemical reaction products
from waste materials. Nanoscale catalysts can make chemical reactions more efficient and
less wasteful. Sensors at the nanoscale can form a part of process control systems,
working with Nano-enabled information systems. Using alternative energy systems, made
possible by nanotechnology, is another way to "green" manufacturing processes.
 The second goal of green nanotechnology involves developing products that benefit the
environment either directly or indirectly. Nanomaterials or products directly can clean
hazardous waste sites, desalinate water, treat pollutants, or sense and monitor
environmental pollutants. Indirectly, lightweight nanocomposites for automobiles and
other means of transportation could save fuel and reduce materials used for production;
nanotechnology-enabled fuel cells and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could reduce
pollution from energy generation and help conserve fossil fuels; self-cleaning nanoscale
surface coatings could reduce or eliminate many cleaning chemicals used in regular
maintenance routines and enhanced battery life could lead to less material use and less
waste. Green Nanotechnology takes a broad systems view of nanomaterials and products,
ensuring that unforeseen consequences are minimized and that impacts are anticipated
throughout the full life cycle.

5- Industrial Application of Nano-Technology: -

Nanotechnology is impacting the field of consumer goods, several products that

incorporate nanomaterials are already in a variety of items; many of which people do not
even realize contain nanoparticles, products with novel functions ranging from easy-to-
clean to scratch-resistant. Examples of that car bumpers are made lighter, clothing is
more stain repellant, sunscreen is more radiation resistant, synthetic bones are stronger,
cell phone screens are lighter weight, glass packaging for drinks leads to a longer shelf-
life, and balls for various sports are made more durable. Using nanotech, in the mid-term
modern textiles will become "smart", through embedded "wearable electronics", such
novel products have also a promising potential especially in the field of cosmetics, and
has numerous potential applications in heavy industry. Nanotechnology is predicted to be
a main driver of technology and business in this century and holds the promise of higher
performance materials, intelligent systems and new production methods with significant
impact for all aspects of society.

Nano Technology in Different Industries: -

 Food Industry:-

 The definition of Nano food is that the Nano technology techniques or tools are
used during cultivation production processing or packing of the food

The main areas of application are

 Changing food characteristics
 Food packing
 Food production
  Food processing

Agriculture Industry: -

The main application and advancesin the agriculture industry are:

 Precision farming
 Nano Delivery system

Oil and Gas Industry: -

 The nanotechnology application have pierced through different Petroleum
discipline from Exploration to Reservoir Drilling Completion production and
processing and refinery
The main areas of Nano tech application are:
 Sensors
 Coating
 Nano membranes
 Nano fluids and nanomaterials for drilling and completion.

Chemical Industry: -
 The main areas of application of nanotech in chemicalindustry is the catalysis
process
 Due to extremely large surface to volume ratio. The applicationpotential of
nanoparticles in catalytic converters and photocatalytic devices
 Platinum nanoparticles are now being considered in the next generation of
automotive catalytic converter.

Nanotech in Chemical Industry: -

Main advances to happen in next few years

 Flexible electronics circuits
 Higher speed data transmission
 Nano magnets as switches
 Light with much tighter frequency control
 Nanoemmissivedisplay panel
 Using buck balls to build dense low power memory devices

6- Energy Application of Nano Technology: -

Energy applications of nanotechnology Benefits already observed from the design of
these products are an increased efficiency of lighting and heating, increased electrical
storage capacity, and a decrease in the amount of pollution from the use of energy.
Benefits such as these make the investment of capital in the research and development of
nanotechnology a top priority.

As the world's energy demand continues to grow, the development of more efficient and
sustainable technologies for generating and storing energy is becoming increasingly
important. According to Dr.Wade Adams from Rice University, energy will be the most
pressing problem facing humanity in the next 50 years and nanotechnology has potential
to solve this issue. Nanotechnology, a relatively new field of science and engineering, has
shown promise to have a significant impact on the energy industry. Nanotechnology is
defined as any technology that contains particles with one dimension under 100
nanometers in length. For scale, a single virus particle is about 100 nanometers wide.

People in the fields of science and engineering have already begun developing ways of
utilizing nanotechnology for the development of consumer products. Benefits already
observed from the design of these products are an increased efficiency of lighting and
heating, increased electrical storage capacity, and a decrease in the amount of pollution
from the use of energy. Benefits such as these make the investment of capital in the
research and development of nanotechnology a top priority.

Nanotechnology is finding application in traditional energy sources and is greatly

enhancing alternative energy approaches to help meet the world’s increasing energy
demands. Many scientists are looking into ways to develop clean, affordable, and
renewable energy sources, along with means to reduce energy consumption and lessen
toxicity burdens on the environment:

 Nanotechnology is improving the efficiency of fuel production from raw petroleum

materials through better catalysis. It is also enabling reduced fuel consumption in
vehicles and power plants through higher-efficiency combustion and decreased
friction.
 Nanotechnology is also being applied to oil and gas extraction through, for
example, the use of nanotechnology-enabled gas lift valves in offshore operations
or the use of nanoparticles to detect microscopic down-well oil pipeline fractures.
 Researchers are investigating carbon nanotube “scrubbers” and membranes to
separate carbon dioxide from power plant exhaust.
 New solar panel films incorporate nanoparticles to create lightweight, flexible solar
cells.
  Researchers are developing wires containing carbon nanotubes that will have
much lower resistance than the high-tension wires currently used in the electric
grid, thus reducing transmission power loss.
 Nanotechnology can be incorporated into solar panels to convert sunlight to
electricity more efficiently, promising inexpensive solar power in the future.
Nanostructured solar cells could be cheaper to manufacture and easier to install,
since they can use print-like manufacturing processes and can be made in flexible
rolls rather than discrete panels. Newer research suggests that future solar
converters might even be “paintable.”
 Nanotechnology is already being used to develop many new kinds of batteries
that are quicker-charging, more efficient, lighter weight, have a higher power
density, and hold electrical charge longer.
 An epoxy containing carbon nanotubes is being used to make windmill blades that
are longer, stronger, and lighter-weight than other blades to increase the amount
of electricity that windmills can generate.
 In the area of energy harvesting, researchers are developing thin-film solar electric
panels that can be fitted onto computer cases and flexible piezoelectric nanowires
woven into clothing to generate usable energy on the go from light, friction,
and/or body heat to power mobile electronic devices. Similarly, various
nanoscience-based options are being pursued to convert waste heat in computers,
automobiles, homes, power plants, etc., to usable electrical power.
 Energy efficiency and energy saving products are increasing in number and types
of application. In addition to those noted above, nanotechnology is enabling more
efficient lighting systems; lighter and stronger vehicle chassis materials for the
transportation sector; lower energy consumption in advanced electronics; and
light-responsive smart coatings for glass.

7- Potential Application of Nano-Technology: -