THE NANO WORLD

Group 11
Nano World
•the global market leader for tips for

Scanning Probe
Microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy.
• sphere of influence of
nanotechnology
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM)
a branch of microscopy
that forms images of
surfaces using a physical
probe that scans the
specimen.
•founded in 1981, with the
invention of the scanning
tunneling microscope, an
instrument for imaging
surfaces at the atomic
level.
Atomic Force Microscopy.
is a type of scanning probe
microscopy (SPM), with
demonstrated resolution on the
order of fractions of a
nanometer, more than 1000
times better than the optical
diffraction limit. The information
is gathered by "feeling" or
"touching" the surface with a
mechanical probe.
 Origin of Nanoscience
• in 1959 it was discussed by the renowned physicist Richard
Feynman in his talk There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, in
which he described the possibility of synthesis via direct
manipulation of atoms.
• in 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean
engineer Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs fabricated the first
MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor fieldeffect transistor)
with a gate oxide thickness of 100 nm, along with a gate length
of 20 µm.
• in 1962, Atalla and Kahng fabricated a nanolayerbase metal–
semiconductor junction (M–S junction) transistor that used
gold (Au) thin films with a thickness of 10 nm.
 ORIGIN OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
• the term "nano-technology" was first used by Norio Taniguchi in
1974.
• In 1986, K. Eric Drexler used the term "nanotechnology" in his book
Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, which
proposed the idea of a nanoscale "assembler" which would be able
to build a copy of itself and of other items of arbitrary complexity
with atomic control.
• In 1980, the emergence of nanotechnology as a field in occurred
through convergence of Drexler's theoretical and public work
• in 1986, Drexler co-founded The Foresight Institute to help
increase public awareness and understanding of nanotechnology
concepts and implications.
Nanoscience and technology
• branch of science that studies systems and
manipulates matter on atomic, molecular and
supramolecular scales/ultra-small scale (the
nanometre scale).
Nanotechnology
• study of what happens when things get very, very small –
only a few atoms in size.
• refers to the science, engineering,
and technology conducted at the
nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100
nanometers.
• employs the study and application
of exceptionally small things in
materials science, engineering,
physics, biology and chemistry.
Nanotechnology is a very diverse field that is
having bigger and bigger impacts on the world.

• has applications in medicine, cars, spacecrafts,

food, electronics, and materials science just to
name a few.
• refers broadly to a field of applied science and
technology whose unifying theme is the control of
matter on the molecular level in scales smaller
than 1 micrometer, normally 1 to 100 nanometers,
and the fabrication of devices within that size
range.
nanometer

•a unit of spatial measurement that is 10-9 meter, or one billionth of

a meter.
•commonly used in nanotechnology, the building of extremely small
machines.
NANOSCALE AND NANOSTRUCTURES
TYPES OF MICROSCOPES USED IN
NANOSCIENCE AND
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Electron Microscope
• a microscope that uses a
beam of accelerated
electrons as a source of
illumination.
• In 1930, German engineers
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
built the first electron
microscope.
Atomic Force Microscope
• a type of high resolution
scanning probe microscope that
has a resolution that you can
measure in fractions of a
nanometer.
• was pioneered in 1986 by
Nobel Prize Winner Gerd Binnig
along with Calvin Quate and
Christoph Gerber.
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
•an instrument for imaging surfaces at the
atomic level.

• its development in 1981

earned its inventors, Gerd
Binnig and Heinrich
Rohrer (at IBM Zürich), the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986.
 Possible Applications of Nanotechnology in
the Philippines:
• Information and Communication Technologies
and Semiconductors
• Health and medicine
• Energy
• Food and agriculture
• Environment
 Nanotech Roadmap for the Philippines
• Information and Communication Technologies and
Semiconductors
• Health and biomedical
• Energy
• Agriculture and food
• Environment
• Health and environmental risk
• Nano-metrology
• Education and public awareness
Advantages and Disadvantages of Nanotechnology

Advantages
Disadvantages
• offers the potential for
new and faster kinds • economic
of computers disruption
• more efficient power • possible threats to
sources security, privacy,
• and life-saving medical health and the
treatments. environment.
 Nanotechnology and Environment
BENEFITS CONCERN

• Improved detection and • High reactivity and toxicity

removal of contaminants • Pervasive distribution in the
• Development of benign environment
industrial processes and • No nano-specific EPA
materials regulation
 Nanotechnology and Health

BENEFITS CONCERN

• Improved medicine • Ability to cross cell membranes

• Could save lives by making and translocate in the body
diagnosis and treatment far • No FDA approval needed for
more effective cosmetics and supplement
 Nanotechnology and Economy

BENEFITS CONCERN

• Better products • Redistribution of wealth

• New jobs • Potential costs of clean-ups and
health care
• Accessibility to all income
levels
On 22 November 2018, ten eminent scientists and
scientific institutions received the UNESCO Medals
for contributions to the development of nanoscience
and nanotechnologies during a ceremony held at
UNESCO headquarters, Paris. The medal is
awarded each year by the Director-General of
UNESCO to prominent scientists, public figures and
organizations that contributed to the development of
nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the spirit of
UNESCO’s priorities.
TOP TEN USES AND APPLICATIONS OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY by UNESCO
1. Energy storage, productions and conversion.
2. Agricultural productivity enhancement.
3. Water treatment and remediation.
4. Disease diagnosis and screening.
5. Drug delivery systems.
6. Food processing and storage.
7. Air pollution and remediation.
8. Construction.
9. Health monitoring
10.Vector and pest detector and control.