ISSUE ON STS:

The Nano World

The Nano world

 The Global market leader for tips for Scanning Probe Microscopy and Atomic Force
Microscopy
 Sphere of influence of nanotechnology.
Scanning Probe Microscopy(SPM)

 A branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans
the specimen.
 Founded in 1981, with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument
for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.
Atomic Force Microscopy

 Is a type of scanning probe microscopy(SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order

of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
The information is gathered by “feeding” or “touching” the surface with a mechanical
probe.
Origin of Nanoscience

 In 1959 it was discussed by the renowned physicist Richard Feynman in his talk There’s
Plenty of Room at the Bottom, in which he described the possibility of synthesis via
direct manipulation of atoms.
 In 1960, Egyptian engineer Mohamed Atalla and Korean engineer Dawon Kahng at Bell
Labs fabricated the first MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor)
with a gate oxide thickness of 100nm, along with a gate length of 20µm.
 In 1962, Atalla and Kahng fabricated a nanolayer- base metal-semiconductor junction
(M-S junction) transistor that used gold (Au) thin films with a thickness of 10nm.
Origin of nanotechnology

 The term “nano-technology” was first used by Norio Taniguchi in 1974.

 In 1986, K. Eric Drexler used the term “nanotechnology” in his book Engines of
Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, which proposed the Idea of a nanoscale
“assembler” which would be able to build a copy itself and of other items of arbitrary
complexity with atomic control.
 In 1980, the emergence of nanotechnology as a field in occurred through convergence of
Drexler’s theoretical and public work.
 In 1986, Drexler co-founded The Foresight Institute to help increase public awareness
and understanding of nanotechnology concepts and implications
Nanoscience and technology

 Branch of Science that studies systems and manipulates matter on atomic, molecular and
supramolecular scales/ultra-small scale (the nanometer scale)
Nanotechnology

 Study of what happens when things get very small – only a few atoms in size.
 Refers to the science, engineering, and technology conducted at the nanoscale, which is
about 1 to 100nanometers.
 Employs the study and application of exceptionally small things in materials science,
engineering, physics, biology and chemistry.
Nanotechnology is a very diverse field that is having bigger and bigger impacts on the world.
 Has applications in medicine, cars, spacecraft, food, electronics, and materials science
just to name a few.
 Refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the
control of matter on the molecular level in scales smaller than 1 micrometer, normally 1
to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices within that size range.
Nanometer

 A unit of spatial measurement that is s10-9 meter, or one billionth of a meter.

 Commonly used in nanotechnology, the building of extremely small machines.
Nanoscale and nanostructures
Types of microscopes used in nanoscience and
nanotechnology
Electron microscope

 A microscope that uses a beam of accelerated electrons as a source of illumination.

 In 1930, German engineers Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll built the first electron
microscope.
Atomic Force Microscope

 A type of high resolution scanning probe microscope that has a resolution that you can
measure in fractions of a nanometer.
 Was pioneered in 1986 by Nobel Prize Winner Gerd Binnig along with Calvin Quate and
Christoph Gerber
Scanning Tunneling Microscope

 An instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level.

 Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer (at IBM
Zurich), the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986.
Possible Application of Nanotechnology in the
Philippines

 Information and communication Technologies and semiconductors

 Health and Medicine
 Energy
 Food and Agriculture
 Environment
Nanotech roadmap for the Philippines

 Information and Communication Technologies and semiconductors

 Health and biomedical
 Energy
 Agriculture and food
 Environment
 Health and Environmental risk
 Nano-metrology
 Education and public awareness
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Nanotechnology

Advantages Disadvantages
 Offers the potential for new and faster kinds of  Economic disruption
computers  Possible threats to security, privacy, health and
 More efficient power sources: the environment
 And life-saving medical treatments.
Nanotechnology and environment

Benefits Concerns
 Improved detection and removal of contaminants  High reactivity and toxicity
 Development of benign industrial processes and  Pervasive distribution in the environment
materials  No nano-specific EPA regulation.
Nanotechnology and Health

Benefits Concerns
 Improved medicine  Ability to cross cell membranes and translocate
in the body
 Could save lives by making diagnosis and
treatment far more effective  No FDA approval needed for cosmetics and
supplements
Nanotechnology and Economy

Benefits Concerns
 Better products  Redistribution of wealth
 New jobs  Potentials costs of clean-ups and health care
 Accessibility to all income levels.
 On November 22, 2018, ten eminent scientists and scientific institutions received the
UNESCO medals for contributions to the development of nanoscience and
nanotechnologies during a ceremony helf at UNESCO headquarters, Paris. The medal is
awarded each year by the Director-General of UNESCO to prominent scientists, public
figures and organizations that contributed to the development of nanoscience and
nanotechnologies in the spirit of UNESCOS’s prioritues
TOP 10 uses and applications of
nanotechnology by UNESCO

1. Energy storage, productions and conversion.

2. Agricultural productivity enhancement.
3. Water treatment and remediation
4. Disease diagnosis and screening
5. Drug delivery systems
6. Food processing and storage.
7. Air pollution and remediation
8. Construction.
9. Health monitoring
10. Vector and Pest Detector and control.
THE END
References

 www.emm-nano.org/what-is-nanoscience-nanotechnology
 www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090610192431.htm
 www.ntnu.edu/nano/nanostructured-materials