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DESIGN PHYLOSOPHY

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This document forms the Engineering Design Basis for Structural Works. The
contents of these documents from the guideline for engineering and to provide
information to the other disciplines concerned.

This technical specification summarizes the concept and codes to be followed for
Integrated Building Management System for the Project.

2.0 GEO-TECHNICAL EXPLORATORY SURVEY

The Architect / Engineer are responsible for the acquisition of a geo-technical

exploratory survey to obtain accurate information about the soil conditions at the
site. The depth, thickness, extent, composition of each stratum, and the depth of
ground water shall be determined. Provide a geotechnical report based on survey
data, which includes boring logs, field and laboratory test results, interpretation of
data, building foundation and earthwork recommendations. From the
investigations following basic data are noted as:

(a) SBC of Soil :10 MT/M2 at a depth of 2.75 M below NGL (as per Geotechnical
Report)

3.0 LIST OF DESIGN CODES & STANDARDS

Foundation Engineering

IS-I080 (1995) -Design and Construction of shallow foundation on soils

IS-6403 (1981) -Determination of bearing capacity on shallow Foundations

IS-8009 - Part I (1976) & Part 11(1980): Calculation of settlement of Foundations

Loading Standard Codes and Design Aids

IS Code No. Description

IS: 456 - 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

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IS: 875 - 1997 Part I – Dead Loads

Part II – Imposed Loads

Part III – Wind Loads

Part Iv – Special Loads and Load Combinations

IS: 1893 – 2016 Criteria for Earthquake resistance design of structures

IS: 3370 - 2009 Code of practice for concrete structures, storage of

liquids

Part I – General requirements

Part II – Reinforced concrete structures

Part III – Prestressed concrete structures

Part Iv – Design tables

IS 2974 APRT I- Code of Practise for Design and Construction of

IV Machine Foundations

Reinforcement

IS-1786 (2008) -High strength deformed steel bars

IS-2502 (1963) -Bending and fixing of bars for concrete reinforcement

IS-5525 (1969) -Recommendation for detailing of reinforcement in concrete

works

Brick and Hollow block

IS-1077 (1990) -Common burnt clay building bricks

IS-2212 (1991) -Brick work

IS-2185 - Cement Concrete Block. Part l (1979),

Part II (1983), Part III (1984) -Hollow cement concrete blocks

Cement and Fine & Coarse aggregates,

IS-269 (1989) -33 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

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IS-455 (1989) -Portland Slag Cement

IS-1489 Part 1(1991) -Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) fly ash based

Part II (1989) -PPC Calcined clay based.

IS-8112 (1989) - 43 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

IS-12330 (1988)- Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement

IS-12269 - 53 Grade ordinary portland cement

IS-383 (1970) - Coarse and Fine aggregate

Steel design

IS-2062 (1992) -Steel for general structural purpose

IS-800 (2007) -Use of structural steel for general Building construction

IS-806 (1968) –Use of Steel tubes in general building construction

IS-1363 -- Part I to III (1992) -Bolts and nuts -Grade C

IS-1364 Part I to V (1992) -Bolts and nuts -Grade A& B

IS-4000 (1992) -High strength bolt in steel structures

IS-5624 (1993) -Foundation Bolts.

4.0 MATERIAL SPECIFICATION : Material Grades:

Concrete Materials For Material Grade

Raft M 35 (fck=30 N/mm2

Water retaining structure M 35 (fck=30 N/mm2

Slabs M 35 (fck=30 N/mm2

PCC for column footings M 20 (fck=20 N/mm2

Reinforcing steel high yield strength Fe 500 CRS

Deformed (FYSD) bars to I.S. 1786 (fy=500 N/mm2)

5.0 LOADS

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Design Loads: Building Design Loads will be in accordance with the more
stringent of either the following criteria or as set forth by governing local and
national codes. Structural design will be coordinated with architectural,
mechanical and electrical drawings to ensure all loads impacting structural
elements are adequately supported. Wind and seismic loads will be as required
by governing local or national codes.

5.1 Dead load:

Material Densities:

Material Weight Density- kN/m3

Brick Masonry in cement mortar exclusive of 0.022 per mm

plaster thickness

Weight of plaster per mm thickness 0.018 per mm

thickness

Reinforced Cement Concrete With normal 25

aggregates

Filling in Sunk Slabs, etc. 10

Light weight Concrete with aggregates as Perlite 10

etc.

Rubble Masonry 26

Flooring 50 mm. thick 24

Roofing 100 mm thick 20

5.2 Live loads: Considering the functional utilities of this building, imposed loads
are as:

Generally as per I.S.875 (Part II) or as specified Uniformly Distributed

by Load (UDL) in kN/m2

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requirement/clients. Occupancy Classification

Roof Slab (accessible) 1.5

Roof Slab (Non-accessible) 0.75

Live loads for slabs supporting equipments like 10

pumps, blowers etc.

Live loads for walkways, stair etc 5

5.3 EARTH QUAKE LOADINGS:

Building is located in earthquake zone II. Earthquake Loads to IS:1893 Part I

2019 and IS:1893 part II-2014

Zone II

Method Spectral acceleration

Method

Total height of the Tank : H 4.5 M

Maximum base dimension of the Tank parallel to 62.3 M length

the applied seismic force : d 44.7 M width

Coefficient for soil foundation system : 1.0

Value of importance Factor : I = 1.0 for the Tank

Value of performance Factor : K = 1.0

Seismic Zone factor : Z = 0.1

Response Reduction Factor : R = 3.25 (interpolated

between 2.5 and 4 as

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per IS 1893 part II-2016

Table 3)

5.4 DYNAMIC LOAD

Dynamic loads due to working of items such as a pumps, blowers, compressors,

switch gears, travelling cranes etc. shall be considered in the design of structure
as per manufacturer’s data.

6.0 LOAD COMBINATIONS

6.1 Load combination for checking of bearing capacity of soil and design of steel
structures

(Working stress).

 1.O DL + 1.O LL
 1.O DL +/- 1.O WL. (1.0 EQ)
 1.O DL + 1.OLL +/- 1.OWL (1.0 EQ)

6.2 Load combination for design of RCC structures (Limit state)

 1.5DL + 1.5LL
 1.5DL +/- 1.5WL (1.5 EQ)
 (O.9DL + 1.5WL/(EQ) shall be used for stability against overturning is critical)
 1.2DL + l.2LL +/- 1.2WL (1.2 EQ)

6.3. Appropriate factor of Live load shall be taken as per IS 1893 for seismic load
calculation.

6.4. The load combinations giving the most critical conditions on foundations,
structures or individual members shall be taken into account.

7.0 JOINTS

Movement joint such as expansion joints, complete joints, partial contraction

joints and sliding joint shall be designed to suit the structure. However,
contraction joint shall be provided at specified location spaced not more than 7.5
meter in both right angle directions for all wall and rafts.

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Expansion joints of suitable gap at suitable interval not more than 30m shall be
provided in all wall, floors and roof slab of eater retaining structures.

Construction joints shall be provided at right angle to the general direction of the
member. The locations of construction joints shall be decided on convenience of
construction. To avoid segregation of concrete in wall, horizontal construction
joints are normally to be provided at every 2m height. PVC water stops of 150
mm width shall be used for wall and 230 mm width for base slab.

7.1 NOMINAL COVER TO REINFORCEMENT

Based on I.S.456, DURABILITY AND FIRE REQUIREMENTS

Reinforcement shall have cover and the thickness of such cover (exclusive of
plaster or other Decorative finish) shall be as follows or as per instruction of
Engineer-in-Charge. Minimum cover shall be considered as for Extreme condition
as per IS 456-2000

Clear cover to the main reinforcements:

RCC element Clear cover in mm

Footing Bottom 75, Side 75

Column 75 mm

Beams 50 mm. or less than bar dia. at bottom..

Top: 30 mm and Sides: 30 mm

Roof Slab 50 mm. or not less than the bar dia.

Column and wall foundations 75 to bottom and Sides

On liquid face of wall for wall 75 mm

Liquid retaining structure. Bottom of raft 75 mm.

On soil face of wall for liquid 35 mm

retaining structure.

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Increased cover thickness has been recommended where surfaces of concrete

members are exposed to the action of harmful chemicals (as in case of concrete
in contact with earth faces contaminated with such chemicals), acid, vapour,
saline atmosphere, sulphurous smoke (as in case of steam operated railways)
etc. as per the CA.

Concrete cover blocks of different and necessary sizes and shall use as and
when required for providing the adequate and specified cover to the
reinforcement. Such cover blocks shall be made so in advance and properly
cured to take the load of reinforcement. Cement mortar blocks in C.M. (1:1) shall
be used for making cover blocks.

8.0 NORMAL STRIPPING TIME: Based on I.S.456

In case when the cube strengths at seven days are found to be low or in the
cases when other cements are used, stripping time and removal of props may
have to be extended. In normal circumstances,(generally where temperatures are
above 20C) and where Ordinary Portland Cement is used, forms may generally
be removed after expiry of following periods:

Type of Formwork Minimum Period

Before Striking
Formwork

(a) Vertical formwork to columns, walls, beams 16-24 hrs

(b) Soffit formwork to slabs (Props to be re-fixed 3 days

immediately

after removal of formwork

(c) Soffit formwork to beams (props to be re-fixed 7 day

immediately

after removal of formwork

(d) Props to slabs:

(a) Spanning up to 4.5 m. 7 days

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(b) Spanning over 4.5 m. 14 days

(e) Props to beams and arches:

(a) Spanning up to 6 m. 14 days

(b) Spanning over 6 m. 21 days

9.0 CURING OF DIFFERENT ITEMS: (ACOORDING TO IS 456-2000 )

During construction, curing shall be carried out especially from 7.00 AM to 7.00
PM even on holidays with proper manpower, necessary pumps and pipe lines,
connections, etc.

Exposed surfaces of concrete shall be kept continuously in a damp or wet

condition by poundings or by covering with a layer of sacking, canvas, Hessians
or similar material and kept constantly wet for at least seven days from the date
of placing concrete in case of OPC and at least 10 days where mineral
admixtures or blended cements are used. The period of curing shall not be less
than 10 days for concrete exposed to dry and hot weather conditions. In the case
of concrete where mineral admixtures or blended cements are used it is
recommended that above minimum periods may be extended to 14 days. For the
concretes containing PPC or Portland Slag Cements, period of curing may be
increased.

For other items the curing shall be done as follows or as directed by the
Engineer-in-Charge.

(a) Brick work At least for 10 days.

(b) Plaster work At least for 7 days.

(c) Sand faced plaster At least for 15 days.

(d) Tiles or stone flooring and dado At least for 10 days.

10.0 SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT: (ACOORDING TO IS 456-2000 )

Minimum distance between two parallel main reinforcement bars shall usually be
not less than the greatest of the following:

Horizontal distance (i) bar diameter (of larger bar if unequal

diameters are used)

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(ii) 5 mm more than nominal size of coarse aggregate

Vertical distance (i) Two thirds the nominal size of coarse aggregate

(ii) Maximum bar size

Or (iii) 25 mm.

In locations where reinforcement is congested, grouping of bars by touching one

another may be permitted provided the requirements of minimum horizontal
distance as specified above are complied with and provided further that
development length is adequately increased.

11. ANALYSES AND DESIGN PARAMETERS

METHOD OF ANALYSIS

Analysis of different structure shall be carried out in the following manner.

 For the structures, it shall be generated as space structure and shall be analyzed
for different combination of load cases as per IS-456-2000.Elastic analysis by
computer or by manual methods.
 12.0 METHOD OF DESIGN

In general, design shall be done in as per limit state method of design.

RCC footings: Limit state RCC columns: Limit State

RCC. beams and slabs: Limit State Retaining walls: Working Stress/ Limit
State

RCC water retaining structures: Working Stress

13.0 DESIGN BASIS

13.1 DESIGN CONDITION FOR UNDERGROUND OR PARTLY

UNDERGROUND LIQUID RETAINING STRUCTURES.

All Underground or partly underground liquid containing structures shall be

designed for the following conditions:

I. Liquid depth to be considered up to full height of wall and no relief due to soil
pressure from other side to be considered.

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II. Structure empty condition (i.e. empty of liquid, any material etc.): full earth
pressure with saturation and surcharge pressure whenever applicable to be
considered.
III. Ground water table shall be taken at deeper level from the ground level as the
site has highly pervious river sand bed thus seeping water if any shall be drained
out fast and stagnancy of seeping water has been ruled out and so there shall be
no chances of uplift pressure or flotation.
Thus Bottom slab or raft and vertical walls will be NOT designed for appropriate
net uplift and pressure under empty conditions, as per site condition and
geotechnical reports.
IV. Partition wall between dry sump and wet sump: to be designed for full liquid
depth up to full height of wall.
V. Partition wall between two compartments: to be designed as one compartment
empty and other full for both the direction.
VI. Walls shall be designed under operating conditions to resists earthquake forces
from earth pressure mobilisation and dynamic water loads.
VII. Underground or partially underground structures shall also be checked against
stresses developed due to any combination of full and empty compartments with
appropriate ground pressure from below to base slab. A minimum factor of 1.2
shall be ensured against overturning.

13.2 Foundations:

Foundation shall be designed to carry all the loads from equipment or Super-
structure, which they support in accordance with the relevant codes.

 Net safe bearing capacity of soil: As per Geo-technical Report

 Type of foundation

For buildings and structures: As per Geo-technical Report:

Allowable increase in soil bearing capacity in event of

Storm (wind): 25% and Earthquake: 25%

Factor of safety as per IS 1904 against:

Overturning: 1.5, Sliding: 1.5

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As a general rule following features will be adopted, unless decided otherwise in

a specific or exceptional case:

Top of footing will be horizontal .

Minimum depth of footing will be 2.5 m. (As per Geo-technical Report).

Foundation plinth for structural columns and equipment supports shall extend not
less than 50 mm from the edge of base plate.

The clear distance between a standard mild-steel anchor bolt or anchor sleeve
and the face of the foundation shall be not less than 75mm.

Minimum thickness of lean concrete layer shall be 100mm and shall extend
100mm beyond the foundation edge.

13.2 Design Requirements

The following are the design requirements for the all reinforced or plain concrete
structure:

All Blinding and levelling concrete shall be a minimum 100mm thick in concrete
grade 1:3:6.

a) All structural reinforced concrete for water retaining structures shall be of a

minimum M35 grade with a maximum 20mm aggregate size for footing and base
slab and all other structural members. For non-water retaining structures, the
concrete shall be of M-25 grade. The structures shall have to be designed as per
IS:3370(Part I –IV).
b) The reinforced concrete for water retaining structures shall have a minimum
cement content of 380 Kg/m3 with a minimum 20mm size aggregates and 330
Kg/m3with a maximum 40 mm size aggregates as per IS:3370 (Part I- IV).
c) The minimum reinforcement for water retaining structures in each direction
should be 0.35% of cross section. The minimum clear cove r to all reinforcement
including stirrups and links shall be 50 mm for all water retaining structures.
d) All building shall have a minimum 1meter wide, 100 mm thick plinth protection
paving in M-15 grade concrete or stone slabs/ tiles. All plinth protection shall be
supported on well compacted strata.
e) Any structures or pipeline crossing below roads shall be designed for Class A of
IRC loading.

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f) The bridge & bridge supporting structures shall be designed to safety withstand
IRC loading.
g) All pipes & conduits laid below the structural plinth & road works shall be
embedded in reinforced concrete of grade M-15 of minimum thickness 150 mm.
h) Approved quality water proofing compound (chloride free) shall be added during
concreting of all liquid containing structures in the proportions specified by
manufacturer or 2% by weight of cement whichever is higher. All wall and floor
panel shall be poured in sequential order with a minimum time gap of 4 days.
i) Design of water retaining structures shall be as per IS 3370.
The following minimum thickness shall be used for different reinforced concrete
member irrespective of design thickness:
i. Walls for liquid retaining structures 200mm
ii. Channel / Launder 150mm
iii. Roof slab for liquid retaining structures 150mm
(Other than Flat slab)
iv. Bottom slab for liquid retaining structures 150mm
v. Floor slab including roof slab, walkways, canopy slabs 125mm
vi. Walls of cables / pipes trenches, underground pits etc. 125mm
vii. Column footings 300mm
viii. Parapet, Chajja 100mm
ix. Precast trench cover 75mm

i. Allowable stress in concrete for un-cracked section (concrete mix to be minimum

as M- 35) fck= 35 N/mm2

j. Allowable stress in steel Fe 500 CRS

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