Pier Designing

TYPICAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ABUTMENT
INTRODUCTION :
The type of pier is Wall type pier.
The pier is designed based on the critical load combinations as stipulated under IRC:6.
DATA :
1. SUPER STRUCTURE
C/C Distance between pier 8400 mm
C/C Distance between expansion joint 8400 mm
Overall length of deck slab 8300 mm
Carriageway Width 7500 mm
Overall Width of Deck. 7500 mm
Height of Superstructure 700 mm
Width of Crash Barrier 0 mm
Height of Crash Barrier 0 mm
Width of Foot Path 0 mm
Width of Hand rails 0 mm
Height of Hand rails 0 mm
Thickness of Wearing coat Average 65 mm
Thickness of Deck Slab 700 mm
Radius of Curvature 0.000 m
2. SUBSTRUCTURE
Formation RL +104.200
Level
7500
0 3750 3750 0
Pier Cap Top RL +103.500
Pier Cap Top RL +103.500 0
250
500
Pier Cap CG. RL +103.250
0
RL +103.000 7500
Pier Cap
Bottom
7500 0 6000 6500
Pier CG. RL +100.000
GL RL +100.000
Foundation top RL +97.000 3000
F.C.G. RL +96.250
1500
F.Bottom RL +95.500 150
0 4700 4700 0
9400
9700
TRANSVERSE VIEW OF PIER SECTION
1200
650
275 275
1200
0 0
1800 1200 1800
0 4800 ###
4800
5100
LONGITUDINAL VIEW OF PIER SECTION
A). REDUCED LEVELS

Formation Level at Pier Location RL +104.200
Existing Ground Level RL +100.000
Bearing top level RL +103.500
Pier Cap Top Level RL +103.500
Pier Cap Bottom level RL +103.000
Pile Cap Top Level RL +97.000
Pile Cap Bottom level RL +95.500
Level Depth of Foundation 1500 mm
B). PIER DATA

Overall Height of Pier 6500 mm
Pier Cap Width in Longitudinal Direction 1200 mm
Pier Cap Length in Transverse Direction 7500 mm
Straight Depth of Pier Cap 500 mm
Varying Depth of Pier Cap 0 mm
Type of Bearing
Size of Pedestals 0 x 0
ThickNess of Pedestal 0 mm
ThickNess of Bearing 0 mm
(Refer Bearing Design sheet)
Width of Pier in Longitudinal Direction. 1200 mm
Width of Pier in Transverse Direction. 7500 mm
Width of Pile Cap in Longitudinal Direction 9400 mm
Width of Pile Cap in Transverse Direction. 4800 mm
Density of Concrete 25kN/m³
Grade of Concrete M25
Grade of Steel Fe 500D
Density of Water 10kN/m³
For Materials
Partial safety factor for CONCRETE 1.5
Partial safety factor for STEEL 1.15
Design Value of Concrete compression strength = fcd = (0.67x fck) 11.17kN/m²

(Page 87,Cl 10.3.1,IRC 112-2011) γm
Design Value of the strength of Steel in Flexure fsd = fsy 434.8kN/m²
(Page 87,Cl 10.3.1,IRC 112-2011) γm
DEAD LOAD CALCULATION
Load from Superstructure : Depth of Super Structure 0.7
3.750 3.750
0.700 0.75 0.750

TYPICAL CROSS SECTION OF T-BEAM DECK
Cross Sectional Area :-( Section )

i) Slab = (3.75-0)*2*0.750 = 5.625
D.L. Running meter = 5.63*2.5 = 14.06
14.06 t/m
0.05 0.275 8.550

9.200
A
RA = 14.06*(9.2-0.05*2)*0.5+0*0+0.5*0*0+0+0*0.5
say
Total Dead Load of Superstructure = (Increasing the load by 5%) =
1) Crash Barrier
Wt. of Crash Barrier = 0.0 t/m
2) Wearing coat
Thickness o= 0.065
Weight of w= (0.065*2.2)= 0.143 t/m2
Weight of wearing coat (for future say 0.2 t/m2
Carriageway= 7.5 m
Weight of w= (0.2*7.5*1)= 1.5 t/m
Total Super Imposed Dead Load =(0+0+0)*2+1.5 = 1.50 t/m

say 4.5 t/m
Total span of superstructure = 9.9 m
Total Super Imposed Dead Load = = 45 t

0
m2
t/m
64.0 T
90.477 T
190.00 t
LOAD CALCULATIONS
1. From Super Structure
Span-1 = 8.400 m
Load
S.No. Reaction due to Dead load
kN
1 Girder + Deck Slab + Diaphragm 950.00
2 Precast plan 0.00
3 Crash Barrier 200.00
4 Hand rails 0.00
5 Wearing Coat 75.00
6 Footpath live load 0.00
PERMANENT LOADS 1150.00
SURFACING LOADS 75.00
Span-1 = 8.400 m
Load
S.No. Reaction due to Dead load
kN
1 Slab 950.00
2 Precast plan 0.00
3 Crash Barrier 200.00
4 Hand rails 0.00
5 Wearing Coat 75.00
6 Footpath live load 0.00
PERMANENT LOADS 1150.00
SURFACING LOADS 75.00
2. From Substructure
L B D V LOAD
S.No. Dead Load due to Nos
m m m m³ kN
1 Pedestal 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
1 7.500 1.200 0.500 4.500 112.500
2 Pier Cap
1 7.500 1.200 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 Pier Stem 1 7.500 1.200 6.000 42.390 1059.750
4 Foundation 1 9.400 4.800 1.500 67.680 1692.000
5 Soil below ground 1 9.400 4.800 3.000 135.360 2707.200
SUMMARY OF DEAD LOADS

Load
S.No. Due to
kN
1 Superstructure (Except WC & FP(LL)) 2300.00
2 Wearing surface 150.00
3 Pier cap 112.50
4 Pier stem (Full height) 1059.75
5 Soil 2707.20
TOTAL( Pier base) 3622.25
TOTAL( Footing base) 5314.25
EFFECT OF ECCENTRICITY
Eccentricity in Longitudinal Direction
275 275
650
1200
0 0
Eccentricity in Transverse Direction

PERMANENT LOAD MOMENT (SPAN 1) 316.25 kNm
PERMANENT LOAD MOMENT (SPAN 2) -316.25 kNm
PERMANENT LOAD DESIGN MOMENT (SERVICE CONDITION) 0.00 kNm
PERMANENT LOAD DESIGN MOMENT (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION) 316.25 kNm
SURFACING LOAD MOMENT (SPAN 1) 20.63 kNm

SURFACING LOAD MOMENT (SPAN 2) -20.63 kNm
SURFACING LOAD DESIGN MOMENT (SERVICE CONDITION) 0.00 kNm
SURFACING LOAD DESIGN MOMENT (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION) 20.63 kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

Vertical Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse
S.No. Description Force Force Force Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
3 At Peir stem Bottom level 3472.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 At Foundation Level 7871.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR SURFACING LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR SURFACING LOADS (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT BEARING LEVEL (SERVICE CONDITION)
kN kN kN kNm kNm
3 FOOTPATH LIVE LOA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 WEARING SURFACE 150.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
CONDITION) SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT BEARING LEVEL (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
3 FOOTPATH LIVE LOA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 WEARING SURFACE 75.00 0.00 0.00 20.63 0.00
ONDITION)
TION CONDITION)
VARRIABLE LOAD
1. CARRIAGEWAY LOADING
Impact Factor
For Class A 4.5 = 1.313
I.F. = 1 +
6+L
70R loading I.F. = = 1.250
Load Load * IF
S.No. Reaction due to Live Load
kN kN
SPAN 1
1 CLASS - A (ALL FWD) 1108.00 1454.25
2 CLASS - A (1L FWD + 1L BWD) 1108.00 1454.25
3 CLASS - 70R 1000.00 1250.00
4 Footpath live load 0.00 0.00
SPAN 2
1 CLASS - A (ALL FWD) 0.00 0.00
2 CLASS - A (1L FWD + 1L BWD) 0.00 0.00
3 CLASS - 70R 0.00 0.00
4 Footpath live load 0.00 0.00
DESIGN LIVE LOAD 1108.0kN 1454.3kN
RL +105.400
1200
RL +104.200
1.90
2.15
RL +103.500 8.40
RL +103.500 9.90
RL +103.250
RL +100.000
RL +100.000
RL +97.000
RL +95.500
650
275 275
1200
0 0
CLASS - A (ALL FWD)
Live load moment (SPAN 1) 399.92 kNm
Longitudinal eccentric LL moment 399.92 kNm
CLASS - A (1L FWD+1L BWD)

CLASS - 70R
Design longitudinal eccentric LL moment 399.92 kNm
Eccentricity in Transverse Direction

70R(W) Loading ₠
3.750 m
3.095 m
0.500 m 1.630 m 1.930 m
500 500
0.655 m
7.500 m
Total load = 1000.00 kN
Impact factor = 1.250
Moment due to 70R = 818.8 kNm
2L Class A Loading
3.750 m ₠
3.500 m
0.45 0.4
1.8 1.7 1.8 0 0
277 277 277 277 0 0
0.250
7.500 m
Total load = 1108.00 kN
Impact Factor = 1.313
Moment due to 3 lane Class A loading = 363.6 kNm
Design Transverse eccentric LL moment 818.8kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR CARRIAGEWAY LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
2. EFFECT OF BRAKING
No of lanes = 2
(IRC:6 - 2014, Cl 211.2, Page 37)
1. 20 % of Ist Train Load. + 10% of succeding Train Loads for Single or a Two Lane Bridge.
2. 20 % of Ist Train Load. + 10% of succeding Train Loads + 5 % of Loads on the lanes exceeding two
Since 2 lane is governing in transverse eccentric moment, only 2 lane loading has been considered
a) 1 lane of 70R
Total load of 70R wheeled vehicle = 1000.00 kN
Braking Force = 0.20 x 1000 = 200.00 kN
Horizontal force on pier = 200.00 kN
b) 2 lane of Class A
Ist Train Load 0.20 x 554 = 110.80 kN
Succeding Train Loads 0.05 x 554 27.70 kN
Braking Force = 138.50 kN
Reduction as per IRC:6:2017 = 0.00 %

Horizontal force on pier = 138.50 kN
Vertical Reaction Due to braking = 138.50 x 1.900 = 31.33 kN

8.4 x 1.000
SUMMARY OF FORCES DUE TO BRAKING

kN kN kN kNm kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
EFFECT OF WIND FORCE
I. CASE 1 : WIND FORCES ON SUPER STRUCTURE
(A) DUE TO DEAD LOAD OF SUPERSTRUCTURE
Location of the bridge KARANGARH
Basic wind speed at the bridge location = 47 m/s
Basic wind speed used in table-5 of IRC:6 = 33 m/s
Depth of deck slab d = 0.700 m

Height of Crash barrier = 0.000 m
C/C Distance between pier = 8.400 m
Bridge Deck width b = 7.500 m
RL +104.200
0
RL +104.200
0.35
RL +103.500 0.85
RL +103.500 6.85
8.35
RL +103.000
RL +100.000
RL +100.000
RL +97.000
RL +95.500
650
275 275
1200
0 0
Average height exposed surface of pier stem above Bed level = 3.500 m
Average height in meters of the exposed surface above Bed level = 4.200 m
Vz Pz
H
(m/s) (kN/m²)
4.200 27.800 0.463
Hourly mean wind pressure in N/m2

( IRC:6-2014,Table 5, Page 28, note (4) 2
corresponding Basic Wind speed @ Bridge Location
Pz = wind pressure x Basic Wind Speed correspond to Table 5
at table-5
2
Pz = 0.463 x 47 = 0.939kN/m²
33
corresponding Basic Wind speed @ Bridge Location

Vz = wind pressure x Basic Wind Speed correspond to Table 5
at table-5
Vz = 27.800 x 47 = 39.59 m/s

33
Solid area in elevation in m2 = A1 = 0.700 x 8.400 = 5.880m²

Solid area in plan m2 = A3 = 7.500 x 8.400 = 63.000m²
Gust factor G = 2
Lift coefficient CL = 0.75
Drag coefficient depending on the geometric shape of bridge deck CD = 1.10
b = 7.500 = 10.714
d 0.700
(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.3.3, PAGE 31) CD = 1 * 1.10 = 1.1
The transverse wind Force (FT in N) shall be taken as acting at

the centroids of the appropriate areas and horizontally
and shall be estimated from the following eqn
The Transverse Wind Force , FT = PZ X A 1 x G x CD

(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.3.3, PAGE 31)
FT = 0.939 x 5.880 x 2 x 1.100 = 12.15 kN
The longitudinal wind Force (FL in N) shall be taken as 25

percent and 50 percent of the transverse wind load as calculate
as per clause 209.3.3 for beam/box/plate girder bridges and
truss girder bridges respectively
The Longitudinal Wind Force FL = 25 % of (FT )
(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.3.4, PAGE 32)
FL = 0.25 x 12.149 = 3.04 kN
The Upward or downward vertical wind Force (FV in N)

shall be taken as acting at the centroids of the appropriate areas and
horizontally and shall be estimated from the following eqn
The vertical wind Force Fv = PZ X A 3 x G x CL
Fv = 0.939 x 63.000 x 2 x 0.750 = 88.75 kN
Height of centre of superstucture to top of pier cap = 0.350 m

Height of centre of superstucture to Pier stem top level = 0.850 m
Height of centre of superstucture to Pier stem bottom level = 6.850 m
Height of centre of superstucture to foundation level = 8.350 m

S.No. Description Force (Fv) Force (FL) Force (FT) Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
(B) DUE TO LIVE LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE

No wind load on live load when the wind speed at deck level exceed 36m/s as per clause 209.3.7 of IRC 6-2017
Hourly mean wind pressure in kN/m2 Pz = 0.000kN/m²
( IRC:6-2014,Table 5, Page 28)
Gust factor G = 2
( IRC:6-2014,CL: 209.3.3 Page 31)
Drag coefficient (for live load) CD = 1.2
( IRC:6-2014,CL: 209.3.6 Page 32)
Length of Class A train of vehicles Class A = 20.300 m
(IRC:6-2014, Cl.204.1.3, Page 10)
Length of 70R vehicle 70R (W) = 14.920 m
(IRC:6-2014, Cl.204.1.3, Page 9)
Length of the vehicle to be considered for wind load calculation = 8.400 m
Ht of the Vehicle to be considered above the roadway surface = 3.000 m
(IRC:6-2014, Cl.209.3.6, Page 32)
The exposed frontal area of live load A1 = 8.400 x 3.000
(IRC:6-2014, Cl.209.3.6, Page 32) A1 = 25.200m²
The transverse wind Force (FT in N) per unt exposed frontal
area of the live load shall be calculated by using the following
expression.
The Transverse Wind Force FT = PZ X A1 x G x CD
(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.3.3, PAGE 31)
FT = 0.000 x 25.200 x 2 x 1.200 = 0.00 kN
The longitudinal wind Force (FL in N) on live load shall be taken

as 25 percent of the transverse wind load as calculate as per
clause 209.3.3 for beam/box/plate girder bridges and truss
girder bridges respectively
The Longitudinal Wind Force FL = 25 % OF (FT )

(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.3.4, PAGE 32)
FL = 0.25 x 0.000 = 0.00 kN
moving live load at 1.5 m above the road way
(IRC: 6 -2014,Cl.209.3.6, Page 32)
Lever arms for live load at different levels

At Pier Cap Top level = 2.200 m
At Pier Stem Top level = 2.700 m
At Peir stem Bottom level = 8.700 m
At Foundation Level = 10.200 m

S.No. Description Force (Fv) Force (FL) Force (FT) Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
RL +105.700
1.500
RL +104.200
0.700 2.20
2.70
RL +103.500 8.70
RL +103.500 10.20
RL +103.000
#NAME?
RL +100.000
RL +97.000
RL +95.500
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS DUE TO WIND LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE

S.No. DESCRIPTION Force (Fv) Force (FL) Force (FT) Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
II . CASE 2 : WIND FORCES ON SUB STRUCTURE

WIND FORCES ON PIER :
b= 1200 mm TRANSVERSE DIRECTION
d or t = 7500 mm
LONGITUDINAL DIRECTION
Average height exposed surface of pier above Bed level = 3.500 m
Exposed area of substructure(Transverse), A1 = b x H = 1.200h.m²
Gust factor G = 2
( IRC:6-2014,CL: 209.3.3 Page 31)
Thickness to breadth ratio t / b = 6.250
(IRC:6-2014 , Table:6, page 33)
Height to breadth ratio H / B = 2.917
(IRC:6-2014 , Table:5, page 29)
Drag coefficient CD = 0.900
(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.4, PAGE 33)
The transverse wind Force (FT in N) shall be taken as acting at the centroids of the
appropriate areas and horizontally and shall be estimated from the following eqn
(IRC:6-2014 ,CL 209.3.3,PAGE 31)
The Transverse Wind Force FT = PZ X A1 x G x CD
(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.3.3, PAGE 31)
FT = 0.939 x 1.200 x 2 x 0.900 = 2.03h kN

S.No. DESCRIPTION Force (Fv) Force (FL) Force (FT) Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS DUE TO WIND LOAD (SERVICE CONDITION)
kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 At Peir Cap Bottom level 88.8 3.0 19.2 20.8 116.9
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR WIND LOAD (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 At Peir Cap Bottom level 62.1 2.1 13.5 14.6 81.9
EFFECT OF HORIZONTAL SEISMIC FORCE
Zone No = III
(IRC:6 - 2014, Fig 11, Page 49-50)
Zone factor Z = 0.16
(TABLE 7,CL 219.2,IRC:6-2014,PAGE 51)
Importance factor I = 1.2
(TABLE 8,CL 219.5.1.1,IRC:6-2014,PAGE 55)
Response reduction factor For super structure R = 3
(TABLE 9,Cl 219.5.5,Page 56,IRC:6-20 For sub structure R = 3
Calculation of Horizontal seismic co-efficient
7500
1mm
6.500 m
Grade of concrete M25

Dead load from super structure 2300.00 kN
20% Of Live load from super structure without impact factor =
(Cl 219.5.2 (ii) ,Page 55,IRC:6-2014) 1108.00 x 0.200 = 221.60 kN
Appropriate dead load of the superstructure and live load in kN = 2521.60 kN

Modulus of elasticity of Concrete as per = 3.0E+4MPa
(IRC:112-2011,TABLE 6.5,page 38)
Cracked Moment of inertia of pier = ###
Effective length of the pier L = 1.5 x 6.500 = 6.500 m

(IRC:112-2011 PG-114 TABLE 11.1(6) )
Horizontal force in kN required to be applied at the centre of mass of superstructure for one mm
deflection at the top of the pier/abutment along the considered direction of horizontal force.
F = 3 * E * Ixx = 3 x 29962 x 1.2E+14 = ###

L3 2.75E+11
(IRC:6 - 2014, Annex D)
Fundamental period of the bridge member in secs for horizontal vibrations
T = 2 x D = 0.016 sec
1000 x F
(IRC:6 - 2014, CL 219.5.1, Page 54)

For Rocky or hard soil sites with N > 30 Sa = 1.244
g
Horizontal seismic coefficient, Ah = Z x Sa x I

(IRC:6 - 2014, Cl 219.5.1, Page 54) 2 g
Ah = 0.119
The horizontal seismic force acting at the centers of mass, which are to be resisted by the structure as a whole,
shall be computed as follows.
(IRC:6 - 2014, Cl 219.5.1, Page 53)
Feq. = Ah x (Dead Load +Appropriate Live Load)
The Forces on various members of bridge structure (i.e.,Ah) are to be divided by Response Reduction Factor
given in table 8 before combining with other forces as per load combination Given in table 1
(Page 56,Cl 219.5.5,IRC:6-2014).
Seismic force to be resist Feq. = Ah x (Dead Load +Appropriate Live Load)

R
S.No. Description Ah DL LL Feq.(FL) Feq.(FT)

1 Superstructure 0.040 2300.00 221.60 91.56 100.38
2 Pedestals 0.040 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
3 Pier cap 0.040 112.50 0.00 4.48 4.48
4 Pier stem 0.040 1059.75 0.00 42.19 42.19
5 Pile Cap 0.040 1692.00 0.00 67.35 67.35
Lever arms
###
###
###
###
###
###
6.850
6.500
### 6.250 8.350
3.000 8.000
### 7.750
4.500
RL +97.000
RL +96.250
RL +95.500
Fig showing Leverarm for Seismic Force at different levels

S.No Description Force Force (z dir.) Force (x dir) Moment moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 At Pier stem Bottom level 0.00 138.22 147.04 781.71 842.13
FOR SUBSTRUCTURE ALONE

1 At base of Pier Stem 0.00 23.33 23.33 77.27 77.27
Combination of Component motions
(IRC:6-2014,Cl 219.4,page 52)
a) ± r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± 0.3 r3
b) ± 0.3 r1 ± r2 ± 0.3 r3
c) ± 0.3 r1
± 0.3 r2 ± r3
r1 = Force resultant due to full design seismic force along x direction

r2 = Force resultant due to full design seismic force along z direction
r3 = Force resultant due to full design seismic force along vertical direction
r3 = (2 / 3 )rd of horizontal component
(page 51,IRC:6-2014,Cl 219.3)
Note : Two horizontal components are taken as of equal magnitude and vertical component is
Design Seismic Force Resultants @ Pier Stem Top level

Comb. a) ± r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± 0.3 r3
In positive direction + 100.378 + 27.467 + 20.076 = 147.92 kN
In reverse direction - 100.378 - 27.467 - 20.076 = -147.92 kN
Comb. b) ± 0.3 r1 ± r2 ± 0.3 r3

Comb. c) ± 0.3 r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± r3

Design Seismic Force Resultants @ Pier Stem Top level

Comb. a) ± r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± 0.3 r3
Comb. b) ± 0.3 r1 ± r2 ± 0.3 r3

Comb. c) ± 0.3 r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± r3

Design Seismic Force Resultants @ Pier stem Bottom level

Comb. a) ± r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± 0.3 r3
Comb. b) ± 0.3 r1 ± r2 ± 0.3 r3

In positive direction + 44.113 ### + 29.408 = 211.74 kN
In reverse direction - 44.113 ### - 29.408 = -211.74 kN
Comb. c) ± 0.3 r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± r3

Design Seismic Force Resultants @ Foundation Level

Comb. a) ± r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± 0.3 r3
Comb. b) ± 0.3 r1 ± r2 ± 0.3 r3

In positive direction + 64.319 ### + 42.879 = 312.77 kN
In reverse direction - 64.319 ### - 42.879 = -312.77 kN
Comb. c) ± 0.3 r1 ± 0.3 r2 ± r3

Vertical Dir. Longitudinal Dir. Transverse Dir.

S.No Description + - + - + -
kN kN kN kN kN kN
1 At Pier stem Bottom level 183.61 -183.61 211.74 -211.74 217.92 -217.92
2 At Foundation Level 268.92 -268.92 312.77 -312.77 318.95 -318.95
Combination of Design Moments

At Pier Cap Top level
a) Moments for Ground Motion along X-axis
In positive direction Mx = Mxx + 0.3Mxz
Mx = 35.13 + 9.61
Mx = 44.7kNm
In reverse direction Mx = 0.3Mxx + Mxz

Mx = 10.54 + 32.04
Mx = 42.6kNm
b) Moments for Ground Motion along Z-axis

In positive direction Mz = Mzx + 0.3Mzz
Mz = 86.44 + 23.68
Mz = 110.1kNm
In reverse direction Mz = 0.3Mzx + Mzz

Mz = 25.93 + 78.94
Mz = 104.9kNm
At Pier Stem Top level

Mx = 86.44 + 23.68
Mx = 110.1kNm

Mx = 25.93 + 78.94
Mx = 104.9kNm

Mz = 86.44 + 23.68
Mz = 110.1kNm

Mz = 25.93 + 78.94
Mz = 104.9kNm
At Base Of Pier Stem
Mx = 842.13 + 234.51
Mx = 1076.6kNm

Mx = 252.64 + 781.71
Mx = 1034.3kNm

Mz = 842.13 + 234.51
Mz = 1076.6kNm

Mz = 252.64 + 781.71
Mz = 1034.3kNm
At Base Of Pile Cap

Mx = 1113.21 + 311.87
Mx = 1425.1kNm

Mx = 333.96 + 1039.56
Mx = 1373.5kNm

Mz = 1113.21 + 311.87
Mz = 1425.1kNm

Mz = 333.96 + 1039.56
Mz = 1373.5kNm
Longitudinal Dir Transverse Dir

S.No Description + - + -
kNm kNm kNm kNm
1 At Pier stem Bottom level 1076.6 1034.3 1076.6 1034.3
2 At Foundation Level 1425.1 1373.5 1425.1 1373.5
EFFECT OF LONGITUDINAL GRADIENT
Longitudinal slope = 0.00 %

Total load of 70R Wheel + Class A = 1000.00 kN
Total load of 3L-Class A Wheel = 1108.00 kN
Load Considered = 1108.00 kN
tanθ = 0.00
100
tanθ = 0.000
θ = 0.000°
Longitudinal force due to gradient effect Wsinθ = 0.00 kN
0.00 kN
0.00
EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE GRADIENT

Longitudinal slope = 2.30 %
Total load of 70R Wheel + Class A = 1000.00 kN
Total load of 3L-Class A Wheel = 1108.00 kN
Load Considered = 1108.00 kN
tanθ = 2.30
100
tanθ = 0.023
θ = 1.318°
Transverse force due to gradient effect Wsinθ = 25.48 kN
25.48 kN
0.59
Leverarms
At bearing level = 0.000 m
At base of Pier stem = 6.500 m
At bottom of Footing = 8.000 m
S. No Description Force Force Force Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 At base of Pier stem 0.59 0.00 25.48 0.00 165.60
2 At bottom of Footing 0.59 0.00 25.48 0.00 203.82
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT PIER BOTTOM (SERVICE CONDITION)
kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 DEAD LOAD & SIDL 3472.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
2 LIVE LOAD 1485.58 138.50 0.00 1563.32 818.75
4 WEARING SURFACE 150.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
6 GRADE EFFECT 0.80 11.08 27.68 0.00 0.00
9 WIND
9.1 WIND TRANSVERSE 88.75 3.04 19.25 20.81 116.95
10 SEISMIC
10.1 SEISMIC TRANSVERSE 183.61 211.74 217.92 1076.65 1034.35
10.2 SEISMIC LONGITUDINA 0.00 634.09 0.00 650.14 0.00
SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT PIER BOTTOM (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 DEAD LOAD & SIDL 2322.25 0.00 0.00 316.25 0.00
2 LIVE LOAD 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
4 WEARING SURFACE 75.00 0.00 0.00 20.63 0.00
6 GRADE EFFECT 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
9 WIND
9.1 WIND TRANSVERSE 62.13 2.13 13.47 14.56 81.86
10 SEISMIC
10.1 SEISMIC TRANSVERSE 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
10.2 SEISMIC LONGITUDINA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
FORCES AND MOMENTS AT VARIOUS COMBINATIONS AT PIER BOTTOM (SERVICE CONDITION)

For Strength Verification
S.No. Type of loads Force Force Force Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 BASIC TYPE 1 7212.12 473.67 41.52 3109.08 1228.13
2 BASIC TYPE 2 7292.00 476.40 58.84 3127.80 1333.38
3 ACCIDENTAL TYPE 1 4753.29 236.84 20.76 1554.54 614.06
4 ACCIDENTAL TYPE 2 4753.29 236.84 20.76 1554.54 614.06
5 SESMIC TYPE 1 5527.06 380.77 332.41 2029.51 1715.27
6 SESMIC TYPE 2 5251.65 1014.29 5.54 1389.75 163.75
FORCES AND MOMENTS AT VARIOUS COMBINATIONS AT PIER BOTTOM (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

For Strength Verification
S.No. Type of loads Force Force Force Moment Moment
kN kN kN kNm kNm
1 BASIC TYPE 1 2397.25 0.00 0.00 336.88 0.00
2 BASIC TYPE 2 2490.44 3.19 20.21 358.72 122.80
3 ACCIDENTAL TYPE 1 2397.25 0.00 0.00 336.88 0.00
4 ACCIDENTAL TYPE 2 2397.25 0.00 0.00 336.88 0.00
5 SESMIC TYPE 1 2397.25 0.00 0.00 336.88 0.00
6 SESMIC TYPE 2 2397.25 0.00 0.00 336.88 0.00
ON CONDITION)
DESIGN OF PIER STEM IN SERVICE CONDITION
HEIGHT of Pier =
Effective length of Pier (Without Superstructure) = 2.3*L =
Effective length of Pier (Service Condition) = 1.5*L =
Pier Shape RECTANGUL
Grade of concrete =
Grade of steel =
Partial safety factor for CONCRETE =
Partial safety factor for STEEL =
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel =
Design Value of Concrete compression strength =
Design Value of the strength of Steel in Flexure =
Modular Ratio =
Dia. of Longitudinal Bar =
Dia. Of Stirups Bar =
No. of Bars =
Clear Cover =
3750
7500
3750
1200
Ast =
Ac =
Ag =
Ixx =
Iyy =
Zxx =
Zyy =
rxx =
ryy =
CHECK FOR SLENDERNESS

SERVICE CONDITION
Slenderness ratio check in Both direction
λxx = Ixx ≤ 50 = 9750 =
rxx 5306 SHORT COLUM
λyy = Iyy ≤ 50 = 9750 =
ryy 831 SHORT COLUM
Simplified Method for bi-axial bending and axial force
(IRC-112:2011 cl-8.3.2,Page 74)
BASIC COMBINATION TYPE - 1 (SERVICE)
Forces and Moments
Axial Load =
Moment about X-X axis =
Moment about Y-Y axis =
SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR BIAXIAL BENDING AND AXIAL FORCE :

Radius of gyration w.r.t x - AXIS
rxx = Ixx = 4.40E+13 =

A 1562746
Radius of gyration w.r.t Y - AXIS
ryy = Iyy = 1.08E+12 =

A 1562746
Slenderness ratio w.r.t x - AXIS

λxx = Lxx = 9750 =
rxx 5306
Slenderness ratio w.r.t x - AXIS

λyy = Lyy = 9750 =
ryy 831
Eccentricity w.r.t. x axis

ex = Mxx = 1333.38 x 1000 =
P 7292.00
Eccentricity w.r.t. y axis

ey = Myy = 3127.80 x 1000 =
P 7292.00
beq = iy * 12 = 831 x 12 =
heq = ix * 12 = 5306 x 12 =
(IRC:112-2011 , CL: 8.3.2(3), pg.no : 74, Eq: 8.1)

1 λxx ≤ 2 = 1.84 = 0.16
λyy 11.73 check for Biaxial Bending not R
2 λyy ≤ 2 = 11.73 = 6.38

λxx 1.84 Check for Biaxial Bending R
(IRC:112-2011 , CL: 8.3.2(3), pg.no : 74, Eq: 8.2)

3 ey / heq ≤ 0.2 Or ex / beq ≤ 0.2
ex / beq ey / heq
ey = 429 =
heq 18381
ex = 183 =
beq 2880
ey / heq ≤ 0.2 = 0.023 = 0.37

ex / beq 0.063 Check for Biaxial Bending R
ex / beq ≤ 0.2 = 0.063 = 2.721

ey / heq 0.023 Check for Biaxial Bending R
BI AXIALBENDING
(Eq 8.3, Page 75,IRC:112-2011)
Design value of axial force NEd =
Gross area of the C/S Ac =
Area of longitudinal R/F Ast =
Design axial resistance of section
NRd = Ac * fcd + As * fyd
1562746 x 11.17 + 42194 x 434.78 =
1000
n = NEd = 7292.00 =
NRd 35795.94
λ,lim. = 10.78 = 10.78 =

n 0.204 Second Order Effect Not Conside
MEd = MoEd + M2
M2 = NEd * e2
1/r = Kr * Kφ * (1/ro)
Kφ = 1+ βɸeff ≥ 1
Kr = (nu-n)/(nu-nbal.) ≤ 1
1 / ro = εyd = 0.002174 = 5.33E-07
0.45 * d 0.450 x 9056
εyd = fyd = 0.00217391304

Es
d = ( h / 2 ) + is = 9056 mm
n = 0.204
nbal. = 0.400
nu = 1 + As * fyd = 1 + 58905 x 434.78 =
Ac * fcd 1072068 x 11.17
β = 0.35 + fck λ
-
200 150
β = 0.35 + 25 1.84 =
-
200 150
φeff. = =
Kr = (nu-n)/(nu-nbal.) ≤ 1 = =
Kφ = 1 + βφeff ≥ 1 = 1.000 + 0.463 x 1.000 =
1/r = =
le = =
c = 10 * π2 =
e2 = (1/r) * (le2 / c ) =
Second order moment

M2 = NEd * e2 = 7292.00 kN x 1.767 =
1000
MEd = MoEd + M2
MEd = 3127.80 + 12.885 =
α =
Moment resistance in the x - direction
MRdx = NRd x ex = 35795.94 x 183 =
Moment resistance in the x - direction

MRdy = NRd x ey = 35795.94 x 429 =
Design moments
MEdx =
MEdy
α α
Medx Medx
+ ≤ 1
MRdx MRdx
2 2
1333.38 3127.80 =
+
6545.46 15354.18
Bi-Axial Column
Design Loads
Pu =
Mux =
Muy =
Col Data
b=
D=
d' =
d'/D =
d'/b =
Material Grades
fck =
fy =
Design Constants
Steel % pt =
pt/fck =
Pu/fck*b*D =
Mux/fck*b*D2 =
Muy/fck*D*b2 =
Puz =
Mux1 =
Muy1 =
Pu/Puz =
Mux/Mux1 =
Muy/Muy1 =
αn =
(Mux/Mux1)αn + (Muy/Muy1)αn
Steel Percentage O
CALCULATION OF HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT :
(IRC 112 : 2011, Cl. 16.3.2 )
Area of horizontal reinforcement is the greater of
1 As = 0.25 x Area of vertical reinforcement
= 0.25 x 58905 =
OR
2 As = 0.001 x Gross Area of Concrete
= 0.001 x 9600000 =
Area of horizontal reinforcement required =

Provide 16mm dia @ 150 mm c/c
6500 mm
14950 mm
9750 mm
RECTANGULAR
M25
Fe 500D
1.5
1.15
2E+05MPa
11.17kN/m²
434.78kN/m²
9.33
25 mm
25 mm
120 Nos
50 mm
58905mm²
1072068mm²
1562746mm²
4.4E+13mm4
1.1E+12mm4
1.2E+10 mm³
1.8E+9 mm³
5306 mm
831 mm
1.84
SHORT COLUMN
11.73
SHORT COLUMN
7292 kN
1333 kNm
3128 kNm
5306 mm
831 mm
1.84
11.73
183 mm
429 mm
2880
18381
k for Biaxial Bending not Req.
Check for Biaxial Bending Req.

0.023
0.063
7292.00 kN
1562746mm²
42194mm²
35795.94 kN
0.204
23.88
d Order Effect Not Considered
3.139
0.463
1.000
1.463
7.80E-07
14950 mm
98.70
1.767
12.88 kNm
3140.69 kNm
6545.46 kNm
15354.18 kNm
1333.38 kNm
3127.80 kNm
0.083
SAFE
7292 kN
1339 KN-m
3129 KN-m
1200 mm
7500 mm
50 mm
0.05
0.05
25
500
0.655
0.022
0.03
0.05
0.05
142810 kN
101250 KN-m
16200 KN-m
0.050
0.010
0.190
1
0.210
Steel Percentage OK
14726mm²
9600mm²
14726mm²
Isolated Footing
1 Footing Size Design
Load Pu 7292 KN
Design Load P 5104 KN
Moment in x dir Mux 1339 KN-m

Moment in y dir Muy 3129 KN-m
Pier size cx 7500 mm

cy 1200 mm
SBC q 120 KN/sqm
Footing Size required A req 44.56 sqmm
L 13.50 meters L/B Ratio cannot be greater than 2

Footing Size Provided
B 4.80 meters
Area Provided A prvd 64.80 meters
Zx 51.84
Zx 145.80
Net upward pressure Nup 107 KNm2
Footing Size OK
2 Slab Design
lx 3.000
ly 1.800
Bending Moment in x di Mx 719 KN-m

Bending Moment in y di My 259 KN-m
Concrete fck 25 MPa

Steel fy 500 MPa
Minimum Depth Required dmin 466
Depth Provided D 1500 mm

Clear Cover c 50 mm
Effective Cover d' 60 mm
Effective Depth d' 1440 mm
Spacing c/c in mm
Area of Steel
10# 12# 16# 20#
1728 sqmm 45 c/c 65 c/c 116 c/c 182 c/c
1728 sqmm 45 c/c 65 c/c 116 c/c 182 c/c
Minimum Ast required across x direcion
Minimum Ast required across y direcion
Ast across x direction 20 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 2094 sqmm

Ast across y direction 20 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 2094 sqmm
3 One Way Shear along x direction
Vu1 1197 KN
ζv 0.173 MPa
ζc 0.287 MPa
Vc1 1983 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
4 One Way Shear along y direction
Vu1 777 KN
ζv 0.040 MPa
ζc 0.287 MPa
Vc1 5578 KN
One Way Shear Check OK
5 Two Way Shear

Vu2 6584 KN
ζv 0.197 MPa
ks*ζc 0.825 MPa

Vc1 27514 KN
Two Way Shear Check OK
L= 13.50 meters
7500
1200
B= 4.80 meters
1500 mm
1000 mm
20 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c 20 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c

width 1000 mm width 1000 mm
Mulim/bd2 Mulim Mulim/bd2 Mulim
3.33 6905 KN-m 3.33 6905 KN-m
xumax/d xumax Rumax Section Check xumax/d xumax Rumax Section Check
0.46 657 0.133 7.7 0.46 657 0.133 7.7
SRB SRB
a 0.8744 a 0.8744
b -4.3500 b -4.3500
c 0.3468 c 0.1249
-p 0.0811 -p 0.0289
Ast 1167 Ast 416
Min steel % 0.170 Min steel % 0.170

Ast 1167 Ast 416
Min Steel 1728 Min Steel 1728

Max Steel 57600 Max Steel 57600
Ast 1728 Ast 1728
Pt provided 0.1454 Pt provided 0.1454

β 19.958 β 19.958
ks trial 0.66 ks trial 0.66

ks 0.66 ks 0.66
ection Check

Pier Designing

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Pier Designing

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TYPICAL DESIGN CALCULATIONS OF ABUTMENT

A). REDUCED LEVELS

B). PIER DATA

Design Value of Concrete compression strength = fcd = (0.67x fck) 11.17kN/m²

Load from Superstructure : Depth of Super Structure 0.7

0.700 0.75 0.750

Cross Sectional Area :-( Section )

D.L. Running meter = 5.63*2.5 = 14.06

0.05 0.275 8.550

Total Dead Load of Superstructure = (Increasing the load by 5%) =

Wt. of Crash Barrier = 0.0 t/m

Total Super Imposed Dead Load =(0+0+0)*2+1.5 = 1.50 t/m

Total Super Imposed Dead Load = = 45 t

SUMMARY OF DEAD LOADS

Eccentricity in Transverse Direction

SURFACING LOAD MOMENT (SPAN 1) 20.63 kNm

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR SURFACING LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR SURFACING LOADS (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

CONDITION) SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS AT BEARING LEVEL (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

CLASS - A (1L FWD+1L BWD)

Design longitudinal eccentric LL moment 399.92 kNm

Eccentricity in Transverse Direction

Design Transverse eccentric LL moment 818.8kNm

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR CARRIAGEWAY LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

Reduction as per IRC:6:2017 = 0.00 %

Vertical Reaction Due to braking = 138.50 x 1.900 = 31.33 kN

SUMMARY OF FORCES DUE TO BRAKING

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (SERVICE CONDITION)

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR PERMANENT LOADS (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

Depth of deck slab d = 0.700 m

Hourly mean wind pressure in N/m2

corresponding Basic Wind speed @ Bridge Location

Vz = 27.800 x 47 = 39.59 m/s

Solid area in elevation in m2 = A1 = 0.700 x 8.400 = 5.880m²

(IRC:6-2014 CL 209.3.3, PAGE 31) CD = 1 * 1.10 = 1.1

The transverse wind Force (FT in N) shall be taken as acting at

The Transverse Wind Force , FT = PZ X A 1 x G x CD

The longitudinal wind Force (FL in N) shall be taken as 25

The Upward or downward vertical wind Force (FV in N)

Height of centre of superstucture to top of pier cap = 0.350 m

Vertical Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse

(B) DUE TO LIVE LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE

The longitudinal wind Force (FL in N) on live load shall be taken

The Longitudinal Wind Force FL = 25 % OF (FT )

Lever arms for live load at different levels

Vertical Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS DUE TO WIND LOAD ON SUPERSTRUCTURE

II . CASE 2 : WIND FORCES ON SUB STRUCTURE

b= 1200 mm TRANSVERSE DIRECTION

Vertical Longitudinal Transverse Longitudinal Transverse

SUMMARY OF FORCES AND MOMENTS FOR WIND LOAD (CONSTRUCTION CONDITION)

Calculation of Horizontal seismic co-efficient

Grade of concrete M25

Appropriate dead load of the superstructure and live load in kN = 2521.60 kN

Effective length of the pier L = 1.5 x 6.500 = 6.500 m

F = 3 * E * Ixx = 3 x 29962 x 1.2E+14 = ###

(IRC:6 - 2014, CL 219.5.1, Page 54)

Horizontal seismic coefficient, Ah = Z x Sa x I

Feq. = Ah x (Dead Load +Appropriate Live Load)

Seismic force to be resist Feq. = Ah x (Dead Load +Appropriate Live Load)

S.No. Description Ah DL LL Feq.(FL) Feq.(FT)

Fig showing Leverarm for Seismic Force at different levels