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ME411
Lecture # 1: Fundamentals
Lecturer
Lecture plan
Lecture
• FMA: Wednesday 10:00 am – 12:00 pm
• FMB: Thursday 10:00 am – 12:00 pm
2-3 quiz
• Will be announced at least a week ago
2-3 PBL sessions
• Will be announces at least a week ago
CEP will be given before mid-term exams
1
Lecture contents
Literature
2
Principle of ICEs: What and Why
Power
Fuel Heat
Air
Exhaust
Advantages
Operated with liquid fuels with HIGH energy density (>40 MJ/kg)
Good efficiency, up to 40 %
Very large power range (0.1 kW to 70 MW)
Mature knowledge and expertise
Application
Road transport
Trains, ships
Power production Typically with diesel
Agriculture & construction
3
Principle of ICEs: What and Why
Problems
Exhaust emmissions: HCs, CO, NOx, SOx, soot, lead, green house gases (CO2)
Noise pollution
No energy cash-back
4
Engine classifications
Application
Basic engine design & configuration
Combustion chamber design
Working cycle
Method of ignition
Valve/port design and location
Air intake method
Method of mixture preparation
Fuel used
Method of load control
Method of cooling
Engine classifications
Application
Automobile, Truck, Bus.
Locomotive.
Stationary.
Marine.
Aircraft.
Small Portable, Chain Saw, Model Airplane.
Engine classifications
Reciprocating
• Inline
• V
• W
• Radial
• Opposed piston
Rotary
• Wankel
• Other geometries (not very common and successful)
Conflict:
5
Engine classifications
Open chamber
Divided chamber
Working cycle
Four-stroke
Two-stroke
Method of ignition
Engine classifications
Overhead (I-head)
Underhead (L-head)
Rotary
Cross-scavenged ports
Loop-scavenged ports
Naturally aspirated
Supercharged
Turbocharged
Crankcase compressed
Engine classifications:
Carburetion
Port fuel injection (in intake manifold)
Multipoint fuel injection
Direct injection
Fuel used
Gasoline
Diesel/fuel oil
Natural gas
LPG
Alcohols/ alcohol blends
Dual fuel
6
Engine classifications:
Method of cooling
Air cooled
Water cooled
Uncooled
Engine geometry
Vc = clearance volume
Vd = displacement volume
also called swept volume
TDC
Vt = total volume
= Vc + Vd
BDC
4-stroke cycle
7
4-stroke vs. 2-stroke
2-stroke cycle
Source: wikipedia
8
Engine components
End of lecture 1
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Questions
9
Valve configuration
10