ME8792 - POWER PLANT ENGINEERING

TOPIC : Introduction to Power Plant

Name of the Faculty : A.R.PALANIVELRAJAN

Designation : ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
Department : MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
• Why Power Plant is important for a Country’s Development ?
• Importance Power Plant in Infrastructure Development.
• India’s Power Sector Scenario
• Syllabus
• Course objective & Course outcome
• Classification of Power Plant
• Unit 1. Coal Based Thermal Power Plant
• Why Coal as Fuel ?
• Layout of modern coal power plant
• Rankine Cycle & Improvisation Techniques
• Layout of modern coal power plant
• Factors to be considered for site selection of Thermal Power Plant
• Essential components & four different circuits of steam power plant
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Steam power
Why Power Plant is important for a Country’s
Development ?
 Energy is a key source of economic growth because for many production and

consumption activities involve energy as basic input.

 Growth in Energy use directly causes growth in GDP (Gross Domestic
Product i.e. the monetary value of all finished goods and services made within
a country during a specific period)
 Energy is one of the most important inputs for economic development.
 The Energy which was much needed was produced by the Power Plants so
making it more important for all the countries to have their own power plants
for their need.
 “Power Plants are the Energy Hub of any country”
Importance Power Plant in Infrastructure
Development
India’s Power Sector

370.106 GW Installed capacity by source in India as on 31 March 2020.

Classification of Power Plant
 Question No.1
Which is the second highest power
producing source in India & What
percentage of power is contributed
from the above ?

U can answer if U have listened

 Syllabus

 UNIT I COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANTS

 UNIT II DIESEL, GAS TURBINE AND COMBINED
CYCLE POWER PLANTS
 UNIT III NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
 UNIT IV POWER FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY
 UNIT V ENERGY, ECONOMIC AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES OF POWER PLANTS
 Course Objectives

After studying this course, students should be able to

 Providing an overview of power plants and detailing

the role of mechanical engineers in their operation and
maintenance.
 Course Outcome

Having successfully taken this course, Students will be able to:

 CO1. Explain the concepts of coal based thermal power plant.

 CO2. Explain the working principle of diesel, gas turbine and
combined cycle power plants.
 CO3. Explain the working principle of nuclear power plant.
 CO4. Classify and explain the various concepts of renewable energy
recourses.
 CO5. Analyze the different types of power plant and calculate its
performance.
 8
Power Plant- Definition

POWER PLANT : Power

plant is a unit built for
production and delivery of a
flow of mechanical or electrical
energy.
or

Power plant is a machine that

produces and delivers a flow
of mechanical and electrical
energy.

Eg : Diesel Engine Power Plant

 Coal Based Thermal Power Plant
 A Thermal Power Plant coverts the heat energy produced by burning of coal into
electrical energy.
 Coal is burnt in a boiler which converts water into steam.
 The steam produced expands in the steam turbine.
 The steam turbine produces a mechanical energy . The steam turbine is also coupled to
an alternator which in turn produces electrical energy.

 Thermal Power Plants Contribute maximum generation of power for any country.
 In thermal power plants other than coal, oil, natural gas etc are employed as primary sources of fuel.
 Why Coal as Fuel ?
 Coal can provide energy at cost of 12% - 15 % compared to oil and natural gas and coal
prices are relatively stable.
Coal has quite higher heat producing capacity than that of the other fuels.
Coal is inexpensive when compared to other fuels.
 The coal consumed for generating energy is low in comparison with the other fuels used
which may be consumed more, which may affect economically also.
Simple Layout of Thermal Power Station
General Layout of Thermal Power Station
 Question No.2

What is the Efficiency of Thermal

Power Plant ?

Watch the video coming up next,

you can find the answer.
Before We Proceed to Typical Diagram of Coal
Fired Thermal Power Plant , A video on
Thermal Power Plant

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdPTuwKEfmA
General Layout of Thermal Power Station
 Rankine Cycle Process

 1-2 - Isentropic Expansion in Steam Turbine

 2-3 - Constant Pressure Heat Rejection in Condenser

 3-4 - Isentropic Compression in Pump

 4-1 – Constant Pressure Heat Addition in Boiler

 Rankine Cycle Improvisation
Techniques
 Regenerative Rankine Cycle

 Reheat Rankine Cycle

•
 Question No.3

List the Various Components used

in a Simple Rankine Cycle ?

Give A try!!!

Answers Please…
Factors to be considered for site selection of
Thermal Power Plant
Factors to be considered for site selection of
Thermal Power Plant
Factors to be considered for site selection of
Thermal Power Plant
Essential components of steam power
plant
Boiler
Steam turbine
Generator
Condenser
Cooling towers
Circulating water pump
Boiler feed pump
Coal mill
Induced draught fans
Ash precipitators
Chimney
Water treatment plant
Control room
Switch yard

The above mentioned essential components all together constitute

4 major circuits of Power Plant
 Coal Based Power Plant

The coal based power plant consist of four different circuits

 Coal and Ash circuit

 Air and Flue gas circuit

 Water and stem circuit

 Cooling water circuit

Coal and Ash Handling Circuit
Steam and Water Circuit
Air and Flue Gas Circuit
 Question No.4

Is Economiser and Air Preheater

Same?
•If Yes Give me the Reason
•If No Give me the Reason

Give A try!!!

Answers Please…
Cooling Water Circuit
Advantages of Coal based Thermal Power
Plant
Disadvantages of Coal based Thermal Power
Plant
 Reference
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OXTyjYgPTaM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EUzVOIQ1Ag