Question 1

A small rocket with mass 100kg, including 30kg of fuel, is fired vertically from rest at time t
= 0. Its engine provides a thrust of 1000N and burns fuel at a steady rate of 14 kg/s. Find the
velocity and height attained by the rocket by the time its fuel is spent. Assume constant
gravitational acceleration g = 9.8m/s2 and a known drag coefficient k = 3Ns/m.

[15 marks]
Question 2

A tank initially contains 100 gallons of pure water. Water with a dissolved salt concentration
of 1 gram per gallon begins to flow in at a rate of 2 gallons per minute. At the same time, the
well-mixed salt solution in the tank is being pumped out at a rate of 3 gallons per minute.
Find the salt concentration in the tank up to the time when the tank becomes empty.

[15 marks]

Based on the situation,

Water with a dissolved salt concentration of 1 g/gal flow in at a rate of 2 gal/min and well-
mixed salt solution in the tank is being pumped out at a rate of 3 gal/min. Thus,

dV
dt = 2 gal/min - 3 gal/min = -1 gal/min

Let V(t) be the volume of water in tank at time t. As the tank initially contains 100 gallons of
water, V(0) = 100, thus the volume is given by,

V(t)=100 – t

Let A(t) be the amount of salt present in the tank after t minutes. The flow in rate of salt
solution in the tank is,

Rate in = 1 g/gal × 2 gal/min

= 2 g/min

While the rate at which the solution is pumped out is,

A t 
Rate out = 100  t  g/gal × 3 gal/min

3 A t 
= 100  t g/min

dA 3
2 A
Thus, dt 100  t 

dA 3
 A2
dt 100  t 
 3
From the equation, P(t) = 100  t  and the integrating factor, v(t) is

3

3
 100t  dt  100  t 
dt
v(t) = e To solve
Let u = (100 – t)
3 ln  100t 
= e du
dt = -1

e ln 100t 
3
-du = dt
=
Thus,
-3
= (100 – t) 3 3
 100  t  dt   u dt
1
 3  u dt
 3 ln | u |
 3 ln | 100  t |

Multiply the equation by v(t),

100  t  3 dA  100  t  3 3
A  2100  t 
3

dt 100  t 
The LHS of this equation is the derivative of the product of v(t) and f(t). Thus,
d
dt
 
100  t  3 A  2100  t  3 1
 100  t  3
dt
Integrate both side, To solve

   
d Let u = (100 – t)
100  t  3 A  2100  t  3 dt
dt du
1
100  t  3 A  2  dt dt = -1
100  t  3
 
-du = dt
A 1
 2 2 
c
100  t  3  2100  t   Thus,
1 1 1
 c
100  t  2  100  t  3 
dt  
u3
du

A
100  t  3  c100  t  3  u 2 
  c
100  t  2  2 

 100  t   c100  t 
3
1
 2 c
 100  t  1  c100  t  
2
2u
1
 c
2100  t 
3
There is no salt initially (t = 0) in the tank, Thus, A(0) = 0 and substitute into equation A,


A  100  t  1  c100  t 
2


0  100  0  1  c100  0
2

0  1001  c10000 
0  1001  10000c 
0  100  1000000c
1000000c  100
100
c
1000000
1

10000
Substitute c into equation A with respect to t,

  1  2
A t   100  t  1    100  t  
  1000 
 100  t  2 
 100  t  1  
 1000 
 
Let C(t) be the salt concentration in the tank at time t. Thus,
C  t   A t   V  t 
 100  t  2 
 100  t  1   1
1000  100  t
 

 1
100  t  2
1000
Time taken for the tank to become empty,
V(t) = 0
0 = 100 – t
t = 100 min
Thus, the salt concentration in the tank up to the time when the tank becomes empty is,

C t   1 
100  t  2
1000

C 100  1 
100  100 2
1000
 1 g/gal