 EXAMP

PHILOSOP AIM/  TEACHING

DESCRIPT LE OF
HICAL OBJECTIV METHODOL
ION SUBJE
BODY E OGY/IES
CTS
1.  Essenti  Prepare  Use  Mathem
ESSENTIAL alism student instructional atics
ISM tries to s to be strategies  Natural
instill all producti  Lecture Science
student ve,  Memorizatio  History
s with contribu n  Foreign
the ting  Homework languag
most member  Teacher and e
basic s of subject-  Literatur
knowle society. centered e
dge,  For  Mastery  Reading
skills, essenti learning and
and alist, writing
charact the aim
er of
develop educati
ment. on is to
 Essenti teach
alists the
believe young
that the the
student essenti
s als they
should need to
be live well
taught in the
to be a modern
model world.
citizen.  Essenti
 Essenti alists
alists teach
believe the
that basic
teacher subjects
s .
should
teach
tradition
al moral
values
and
virtues.
  Essenti
alists
believe
in
mastery
learning
.
2.  Empha Educati  Self-paced  Fine
EXISTENTI sizes on to  Self-directed arts
ALISM the the  Vocational  Drama
freedo existent education  Creative
m of ialists  Values expressi
human should clarification on
beings enable strategy-  Literatur
to make a help e
choices person students  Philoso
in a to make know phy
world choices themselves
where for and their
there his/her place in
are no life. society.
absolut  To  Small group
e develop discussions
values individu  Individualiza
outside al tion
the potentia
individu l.
al.  Can
 The attribute
teacher to self-
has the improve
right to ment.
teach  Can
his/her attribute
student their
s how ability
to think or
but not unique
what to to
think. family,
society
and
nation.
3.  Perenni The focus  Socratic  Humanit
PERENNIA alists is to teach method ies
LISM believe ideas that  Teacher-  General
 that are centered educatio
one everlasting  Lecture n
should , to seek  Oral  Principl
teach enduring explication es of
the truths natural
things which are science
that constant,  Philoso
one not phy
deems changing,  Langua
to be of as the ge
everlast natural and  History
ing human  Concept
pertine worlds at ual
nce to their most thinking
all essential
people level, do
everyw not
here. change. 
 One Perennailis
should m
teach stimulate
first students
about in  how to
human think
s, not critically
machin and
es or thoughtfull
techniq y;
ues. cultivating
the rational
mind.
4. Claims that This aims  Experimenta  Interdisc
PROGRESS the child’s to develop l method iplinary
IVISM growth and the  Skills in
developme learners to gatherin
nt as an become g and
individual enlightene evaluati
depend on d and ng
his/her intelligent informat
experience citizens of ion
s and self- a  Problem
activity. democratic solving
Adheres to society. skills
the idea They  Natural
that encourage and
thinking the social
 and learners to science
reasoning live fully s
should be now
emphasize instead of
d. preparing
Good and for adult
successful life.
teaching
utilizes the
principle of
self-activity
and
stimulates
thinking
and
reasoning.
Recognize
s the
principle of
individual
differences
.
5. Focuses   Politics
BEHAVIORI on  Econom
SM conditionin ics
g student’s  Social
behavior organiz
with ations
various
types of
behavior
reinforcem
ent and
consequen
ces called
operant
conditionin
g.
It assumes
that all
behaviors
are either
reflexes
produced
by a
response
to certain
stimuli in
the
environme
nt, or a
consequen
ce of that
individual’s
current
motivationa
l state and
controlling
stimuli