CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Input
Based on gathered data from
newspapers and interviews
among the persons who
experienced of getting
screened for COVID-19 with
a nasal swab test, they
described it as painful and
unpleasant from others. A
COVID-19 test is performed
by inserting a 6 inches long
swab into the nose all the way
to the nasal cavity, where it is
rotated several times for 15
seconds. Then, repeated in
the other nostril to ensure
enough material is collected.
These tests are currently
carried out by medical
professionals. The researchers
present this Robotic
Technology, which aids
frontline workers in
minimizing manual testing
and reducing the risk of viral
infection while also reducing
the requirement for skilled
nurses and doctors. This is
due to the robot's efficiency
and lack of fatigue. This
method has the potential to
cut the time and effort
required for Covid-19 testing
by tenfold, allowing for the
diagnosis of a variety of
respiratory disorders. Each
year the morbidity and
mortality associated with
respiratory tract infections
fluctuate seasonally. This rise
and fall are associated with
Process
A series of standard viral
culture tests validated for
routine use in the clinical
laboratory, as well as the
CDC (Centers for Disease
Control) Automation of
Nasopharyngeal swab test
will be used to establish a
collection of well-
characterized specimens.
One aliquot will be tested in
real-time using the requisite
viral culture reference
methods, one aliquot will be
used for any Respiratory
related disease, reference
testing, one aliquot will be
used to extract nucleic acid in
real-time, and one aliquot of
the UTM (Universal
Transport Medium for
viruses) will be archived for
sequencing to confirm
Influenza-positive specimens.
Output
• This research defines device
that can automatically sense,
process sensory information,
and perform actions that
benefit people who infected
and with disabilities.
• This form of technology can
be used on a much higher
scale with a greater number
of uses
• We have an opportunity to
expand the usage of assistive
robotics to help and develop
the country to combat
COVID-19 (Corona Virus
Disease)
 the changing prevalence of
respiratory viruses in every
population.

LISTS OF RECOMMENDED CLINICAL SPECIMENS TO COLLECT FROM

OUTPATIENTS, INPATIENTS, AND FATAL CASES IN THE SETTING OF AN
UNEXPLAINED RESPIRATORY DISEASE
The specimens are listed in order of priority; those listed first are those most useful for testing for
the greatest number of different pathogens with a single clinical specimen.

OUTPATIENT INPATIENT FATAL CASES

Upper Respiratory Lower Respiratory All available premortem
• Nasopharyngeal (NP) • Bronchoalveolar lavage, specimens
and oropharyngeal (OP) tracheal aspirate, pleural fluid
• Nasopharyngeal • Sputum Tissue
wash/aspirate • Fixed tissue from all
Upper Respiratory major organs (e.g., lung,
Lower Respiratory • Nasopharyngeal (NP) and heart, spleen, liver,
• Sputum oropharyngeal (OP) swabs brain, kidney, adrenals)
• Nasopharyngeal • Non-fixed tissue from
Blood wash/aspirate lung and upper airways
• Serum: Acute (at (e.g., trachea, bronchus)
onset) and Blood
convalescent (3-6 • Serum: Acute (at onset) and Lower Respiratory
weeks post onset) convalescent (3-6 weeks post • Bronchoalveolar
• Blood (plasma) onset) lavage, tracheal aspirate,
• Whole blood (plasma) pleural fluid
Urine Tissue (e.g., lung) • Sputum

Stool Urine Blood

• Serum
Stool • Blood (plasma)

Deep lung swab for bacterial

culture

REFERENCES
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01083511
https://www.cdc.gov/urdo/downloads/speccollectionguidelines.pdf