PHOTOCELL

A photocell is a device that is used to detect

and measure light. The dusk to dawn photocell
sensor switch will switch items such as lights
and fans on during the night and off during the
day. A photocell sensor can be regarded as a
transducer that is used to detect the light
intensity.

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 The photocell is one kind of sensor, which can be used
to allow you to sense light. The main features of photo-
cell include these are very small, low-power,
economical, and very simple to use. Because of these
reasons, these are used frequently in gadgets, toys, and
electronic appliances. These sensors are frequently
referred to as Cadmium-Sulfide (CdS) cells. These are
made up of photo resistors and LDRs.
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How Photocells Works?

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The working principle of a photocell can
depend on the occurrence of electrical
resistance & the effect of photoelectric.
This can be used to change light energy
into electrical energy.
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What are the types of
Photocells?

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 Photovoltaic Cell

The main function of a photovoltaic cell is to

change the energy from solar to electrical. A usable
current can occur whenever photons beat electrons
over the cell into a high state of energy.And some
text

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 Charge-Coupled Devices

A charge-coupled device can be used by the

community of scientific because these are
very consistent & exact photosensor. When
the charge generated by photo-sensitive
sensors can be used to examine a variety of
things from galaxies to only molecules.

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 Photo Resistor

LDRs are one kind of sensors devices whose

resistivity can be reduced with the sum of
exposed light. The camera light meters &
several alarms utilize inexpensive
photoresistors in their applications.

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 Golay Cell

A Golay cell is mainly used to sense IR radiation. A

blackened metal plate cylinder is filled with xenon gas on
a single end. IR energy which falls over the blackened
plate will heats-up the gas within the cylinder & twists the
elastic diaphragm over the other ending. Here, the motion
is used to find out the energy source’s output.

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 Photomultiplier

The photomultiplier is a very sensitive

sensor. The unclear light can be multiplied by
100 million times.

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Applications of
Photocells

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• These are used instead of photovoltaic cells &
variable resistors.
• These are used in lux meters to decide the light
intensity.
• These are used as switches as well as sensors
• These are used in burglar alarms to protect from a
thief.

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• These are used in robotics, wherever they direct
robots to hide from view in the dark, otherwise to
follow a beacon or line.
• These are used in exposure meters which can be
used with a camera for knowing the correct time
of exposure to get a good photo.
• Photocells are used in the sound reproduction
which can be recorded on a movie film.
• These are used in Dusk-to-Dawn lights.
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Photocell Circuit
Diagram

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 Photocell Diagram

In the first case, the resistance of photocell is less, and

then there will be a flow of current through the second
resistor like 22Kilo Ohms & photocell. Here, transistor
2N222A works like an insulator. So, the lane which
includes LED1, R1 & transistor will be off.

In the second case, the resistance of photocell is high,

then the lane of the circuit will change. So, the low
resistance will be there toward the base of the transistor
or through the photocell.

Whenever the base terminal of the transistor gets

power, then the 2N222A transistor works like a
conductor. The lane including LED, R1 & the 2N222A
transistor will be ON & the LED will blink. So, if the base
terminal of the transistor gets power, then the transistor
will perform like a conductor then the LED will ON.

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 Overview

Photocells are basically a resistor that changes its

resistive value (in ohms Ω) depending on how much
light is shining onto the squiggly face. They are very
low cost, easy to get in many sizes and specifications,
but are very inaccurate. Each photocell sensor will act a
little differently than the other, even if they are from
the same batch. The variations can be large, 50% or
higher! For this reason, they shouldn't be used to try to
determine precise light levels in lux or millicandela.
Instead, you can expect to only be able to determine
basic light changes.

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 Group 6

REPORTER’
S

John Mike Louis Gerald Caasi John Lance Busog John Philip Huerto Richmond Villasis

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