JOEL JACOB 21

SIROSH PRAKASH 40
OBJECTIVE
What is echo sounder

Working of echo sounder

Components

errors
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 What is echo sounder
 working of echo sounder
 Components
 Transducer and placement
 Recorder
 bibliography
What is an echo sounder
 Device used to measure depth of water
 short pulse sound energy transmitted
vertically down
 Time taken for it to echo back is used to
determine depth
 Time taken (t ) = (2 x d) / v or d =(v x t)/2

 Factors affecting echo sounder : Temp of water

, pressure ,salinity
WORKING OF ECHO SOUNDER

(Marinegyaan.com)
 Recorder sends pulse to pulse generator, it creates
electrical pulses (frequency vary)(5-600 hz)
 Through transmitter pulses passed on to the
transducer which convert electrical to sound pulses.
 These pulses travel to the bottom of the sea and are
reflected back to the transducer
 Transducer converts sound energy back to electrical
and sends it to receiver
 It is received ,amplified and sent to recorder
 The recorder records the obtained data
TRANDUCER
 Works on magnetostriction effect, to produce pulses
 it Change length when placed in magnetic field
 Placed in an AC field, causes vibrations, sound pulses
created

(Marinegyaan.com)
Placement of transducer
 Must be away from
 noises and vibrations(aft)
 Bow waves, aeration & bubbles , turbulence causes
 Placed 1/4th L from aft
 Echo sounders(ipad).mp4

(Marinegyaan.com)
RECORDER
 It records data obtained from the transducer
 IMO regulations require that hard copied of
recordings to be kept on board
 Thus stylus and paper usually used

(California digital library) (Meted.ucar.edu)

ERRORS
 Change in velocity of sound due to salinity changes of
seas
 Bubbles and aeration causes errors
 Multiple echoes in shallow waters
 Pythagoras error and slanted distance

(cram.com)

(Seafloor.otterlabs.org)
CONCLUSION
 Definition and uses of echo sounder
 Its working and components
 The errors associated with its calculations
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 marinegyaan.com
 YouTube