Experiment :02

2.1 objective:
To determine diametrical deflection of a circular bar subjected to diametrical
loading.
2.2 apparatus:
 Curved bar
 Vernier caliper
 Ring
 Scale
 Dial indicator gauge
 Weight
 Hanger
2.3 introduction:
In this experiment we basically analysis the effect of radial load on the deflection.
We put the load on the ring due which deflection occur in it, which is indicated by
dial indicator gauge.
2.4 theory:
Ring:

A ring is defined as a curve bar whose cross-sectional area dimensions are small in
comparison to its radius of curvature.
These must have to with stand radial forces due water pressure. Rings are also used
for the frame work of the missiles, bearings and radar etc.
It is also very help full in the construction industry. Rings are also useful in designing
of high temperature piping.
parametric analysis:
Effect of load on deflection:

As from the result we can observe that with the increase in the load the deflection
in the curved bar is increasing.
Effect of material on deflection:
The more material will be strong there will be less deflection in the material. The
material having low moment of inertia there will be more deflection in the curved
beam
Derivation:
By Castiglioni’s theorem
ꝽW = Ᵹu/Ᵹw
Where,
“U’’ is the elastic energy stored in the curved bar.
The energy due to moment of inertia is given as,
U = M2 ds/2EI
Where,
E = modulus of elasticity
I = moment of inertia
For a circular ring
ds = Rdϴ
dϴ = angle change. R = radius of ring
U = R/EI ∫ 0π1/2 M2dϴ
ꝽW = R/EI ∫ 0π M ꝺM/ꝺw dϴ
For thin ring subjected to diametrical loaded it concluded as
Deflection = Ᵹth = (π/4 – 2/π) × WR3/EI

2.5 procedure:
1. First check the zero errors of the measuring devices
2. Measure the height and width of the ring
3. Balance the dial indicator gauge on the curve bar
4. Balance the whole apparatus with the help of levelling screw at the base.
5. Add the load with regular increment and note the deflection from the dial
indicator
 6. Also note down the reading of dial indicator while un loading.
7. Compare the theoretical and the experimental value
2.6 observations and calculations:
Least count f Vernier caliper=1/128
Least count of dial indicator= 10-3 in
Width of ring = b = 2.55 cm
Thickness of ring =h = 0.4 cm
Radius of ring = R= 15cm
Modulus of elasticity = E=29MPsi
sr.no load deflection(Ᵹexp) deflection(Ᵹth) %
3
(lb) loading un loading mean = (π/4 -2/π) ×WR /EI difference
1 0.5 0.002 0.001 1.5×10-3 1.63×10-3 7.9
2 1 0.0035 0.0025 3.3×10-3 3.27×10-3 8.2
3 1.5 00055 0.0033 4.5×10-3 4.92×10-3 10.5
4 2 0.006 0.0055 5.9×10-3 6.52×10-3 10.66
5 2.5 0.0072 0.0072 7.23×10-3 8.19×10-3 11

2.7 conclusion:
As we can observed that the defection in beam is increase with the increase in the
loading. The material is strong having high modulus of elasticity. The deflection and
moment of inertia is inversely proportional to the deflection. The circular rings have
many piratical applications in our daily life like piping and air craft. The small change
in the theoretical and experimental value is due to
 Fraction
 Personal error
 Instrumental fault etc.
2.8 references:
1) A.CH. YIANNOPOULOS: Journal of Elasticity, Vol.56(1999), p.181
2) Chang Ming: applied mathematics and mechanics, Vol.15(1994), P.887
3) BLAKE, A.; How to find deflection and moment of rings and arcuate beams’
product Engng 1963,70-81.