The 6 mughal emperors

1.Babur
● He was on mongol and turkish roots
● Started the mughal reign by defeating Ibrahim Lodi in the battle of Panipat
● Brought gunpowder into india (also used it to fight ibrahim lodi)
● Babur wrote ‘Tuzuk-i-Baburi’ in the Turkish language
● He reigned from 1526-1530
2.Humayun
● Humayun fought two battles with Sher Shah Suri and was defeated (Battle of Chausa
1539 and Battle of Kannauj 1540)
● He spend 15 years in exile and invaded india again with Bairam Khan after had Sher
Shah Sur died
● He died in 1556 falling from the stairs in his library building
● His half sister Gulbadan Begum wrote his chronicle Humayunnama
● He reigned between 1530-1556
3.Akbar
● He was crowned at the age of 13 to be the Mughal emperor
● He is the most famous Mughal emperor and was famous for him peace policies and
tolerance of all religions in India
● Interestingly, he ruled his court differently to the previous Mughal emperors, he used the
administration system that was created by Sher Shah Suri and kept many of the
innovations Sher Shah Suri brought during his rule.
● Ralph Fitch was the first Englishman to visit Akbar's court in 1585
● He reigned between 15556-1605
4.Jahangir
● Art and illustrations flourished during Jahangir's rule, a few famous painter in his court
were Abdul Hassan, Ustad Mansur and Bishandas
● Captain Hawkins and Sir Thomas Roe visited his court
● His greatest political failure was he lost Kandahar to the Safavids
● Jahangir established Zanjir-i-Adal at Agra Fort for those who sought royal justice
● He reigned between 1605-1627
5.Shah Jahan
● Shah Jahan regained Kandahar in 1639
● Architecture was very important to his rule and he built many. His most famous work
apart from the legendary Taj Mahal were the Moti Mahal in Agra, Red Fort and Jama
Masjid in Delhi
● Shah Jahan reign is considered the Golden Age of the Mughal empire
● He reigned between 1628-1658

6.Aurengzeb
● Aurangzeb issued a Royal Firman against Sati (in AD 1664 or 1666) and also gave a
death penalty to those forcing widows to be burnt
● The Mughal empire conquests reached a climax during his rule. Aurangzeb’s empire
stretched from Kashmir in the north to Jinji in the south, and from the Hindukush in the
west to Chittagong in the east
● Aurangzeb executed the ninth Sikh Guru, Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1675
● Shah Jahan’s son and the last seriously notable Mughal emperor Aurangzeb secured
the Mughal throne after a brutal war of succession with his brothers Dara, Shuja and
Murad
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