Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ava
Ava
Objective: The learning objec- tive states what knowledge and skill(s) the
students should have acquired upon completion of the lesson. Instruction Time: The
instruction time is the time which is available for the instructor to complete the lesson.
Instruction Aids: The instructor should select the aids which will be most effective in
presenting the skill(s) and knowledge that are to be gained in the lesson. Charts, slide
presenta- tions, filmstrips, motion picture film, are some of the aids which may be used.
The instructor must take into account, however, the limitations of the instructional aids that are
available for use in the lesson. Reference Material: A list should be made of the references
from which the lesson material was drawn, such as, Unified Religious Education
Curriculum for the Armed Forces. Teaching Method: The method or com- bination of
methods best suited to present the material to be covered should be selected— discussion,
demonstration, or lecture. Motivation: The instructor lists the method or techniques
which are to be used to gain the interest and attention of the students. In some instances,
goals may be set, encouraging remarks may be offered, honor roll or competi- tion with
self and others may be used as the motivating force. Student Application: The application
outlines the manner in which the students can demonstrate the skill or ability they have
acquired during the presentation. This affords the instructor an opportunity to observe the per-
formance of each individual and to correct errors. Summarization: The instructor
briefly o u t l i n e s t h e m a t e r i a l t h a t h a s b e e n covered—stressing the most
important steps or ideas presented. The instructor answers ques- tions, makes
demonstrations, and gives further explanations, as needed. However, no new
information should be presented at this time. Summarization is an important part of the
lesson as the learning can be reinforced at this time. AUDIOVISUAL AIDS Audiovisual
aids are defined as any device used to aid in the communication of an idea. From this
definition, virtually anything can be used as an aid, providing it successfully com-
municates the idea or information for which it is designed. In this chapter, we not only use
the term “Audiovisual Aids” but “Instructional Aids,” “Teaching Aids,” “Audio Aids,”
and “Visual Aids” as well. An audiovisual product is any audiovisual (AV) item such
as still photography, motion picture, audio or video tape, slide or filmstrip, that is prepared
singly or in combination to communicate information or to elicit a desired audience
response. Even though early aids, such as maps and drawings, are still in use, advances in
the audiovisual field have opened up new methods of presenting these aids, such as videotapes
and multimedia equip- ment which allow more professional and enter- taining presentations
to be presented. Most of the visual aids covered in this chapter can be grouped into the
following categories—nonpro- jected aids and projected aids. NONPROJECTED AIDS
Nonprojected aids are those that do not require the use of audiovisual equipment such as a
projector and screen. Included in this category are charts, graphs, maps, illustrations,
photographs, brochures, and handouts. Charts Charts are in common use almost every-
where. A chart is a diagram which shows rela- tionships. An example of a chart is
shown in figure 7-2. The organizational chart is one of the most widely used. This chart
shows the various branches of a particular organization. Air and sea maps that are used for
navigation purposes are also charts. 7-4