THE EARLY AND LATE MIDDLE AGE

THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES THE LATE MIDDLE AGES

William the Conqueror and the kings after him They created a source of income with farming.
provided a source of income by fining people Even the knights were no longer heavily
in the Royal Courts. armed. They were farming

Society was hierarchical , each based on ties Society was based upon rank. At the top were
of allegiance between powerful lords and dukes, earls and other lords.
their immediate followers.

Life in the countryside was hard. Most people
lived in the simplest houses. The walls were
made of wooden beams and sticks, filled with
mud .
In this period , there were international wool
and cloth trade. These trades contributed to
the development of the economy.
Towns offered to poor men the chance to
become rich and successful through trade. It
was possible for a serf from the countryside to
work for seven years in a town craft guild, and
to become a "freeman" of the town where he
lived.
During this period, commercial farming, trade,
and manufacturing grew rapidly like Early
Middle Age.

In this period some French words became part The language itself was changing. French had
of the English language. For example the word been used less and less by the Norman rulers
‘’chair’’ which came from the French. during the thirteenth century. In the
fourteenth century ,Edward III had actually
forbidden the speaking of French in his army.
In England two schools of higher learning Education developed enormously during the
were established, the first at Oxford and the fifteenth century, and many schools were founded
second at Cambridge, at the end of the by powerful men. One of these was William of
twelfth century. Wykeham, Bishop of Winchester and Lord
Chancellor of England , who founded both
Winchester School, in 1382, and
New College, Oxford.
Married women were generally expected to In the Late Middle Age , women’s rights were
assist their husbands in business. Peasant limited. The only duty of women was to give
women had many domestic responsibilities, birth to children and to do household chores.
including caring for children, preparing food,
and tending livestock.
ALİŞAN BİLİK
18005804