A PROJECT REPORT ON

AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF STREET LIGHTS

A Project report Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for award of the
degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
By
SAFURA FATIMA 160316739004
SHAIK AZHER 160316739301
SYED MOHAMMED AHMED RAZVI 160316739302

Under the Guidance of

MR. GULAM AMER B.E, M.TECH
Assistant Professor, & HOD E.I.E DEPT, D.C.E.T.

DECCAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

(AFFILIATED TO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY)
DAR-US-SALAM, NAMPALLY, HYDERABAD-500 001.

(2020-2021)
 Deccan College of Engineering & Technology
(A MINORITY INSTITUTION) (AFFILIATED TO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY)
Estd. By DAR-US-SALAM EDUCATIONAL TRUST
Dar-Us-Salam, Nampally. Hyderabad 500 001.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project work entitled “AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF

STREET LIGHTS " is a bonafide work carried out by :

SAFURA FATIMA (160316739004)

SHAIK AZHER (160316739301 )
SYED MOHAMMED AHMED RAZVI (160316739302 )

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF

ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING.
Under our Guidance and supervision. The results embodied in this report have not been
submitted to any other university or institute for the award of any degree or diploma.

Mr. GULAM AMER MR. GULAM AMER

B.E, M. TECH M. TECH

Internal Guide HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 DECLARATION

This is to certify that the work reported in the present project entitled“
AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF STREET LIGHTS " is a record of work done by
us & submitted to the department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Deccan
College of Engineering and Technology, Osmania University. The report is based
on the project work done by us and not copied from any other sources

SAFURA FATIMA (160316739004)

SHAIK AZHER (160316739301 )
MOHD ABDUL FAISAL BIYABANI (160316739302 )
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It is with great pleasure and sense of satisfaction that we present our project on
“AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF STREET LIGHTS ".
The completion of any inter-disciplinary project depends upon co-operation, co-
ordination and combined efforts of several sources of knowledge. We sincerely
express gratitude to our project guide, MR. GULAM AMER , M. TECH Asst.
professor, for his valuable inputs, able guidance, encouragement, whole-hearted
cooperation and constructive criticism throughout the duration of project. It is our
privilege to do the project under his guidance.

We deeply express sincere thanks to our head of department MR. GULAM AMER
for encouraging and allowing us to present the project and providing standard format
for this preparations and valuable suggestions to precede the project and completion
of work.

We derive great pleasure in expressing our sincere gratitude to teaching and non
Teaching staff, , E.I.E Dept for his timely suggestions, which helped us to complete
the work successfully.

This acknowledgement would be incomplete if we failed to put across our

deep sense of obligation and adoration to our Parents. They motivated us and
provided their moral support and encouragement

SAFURA FATIMA (160316739004)

SHAIK AZHER (160316739301 )
MOHD ABDUL FAISAL BIYABANI (160316739302 )
 ABSTRACT

Automatic highway Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which
uses transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It
automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of
our eyes. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which
senses the light actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever
the sunlight comes, visible to our eyes. By using this system energy consumption is
also reduced because nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched
off even the sunlight comes and also switched on earlier before sunset. In this project,
no need of manual operation like ON time and OFF time setting. LDR and transistor
are the main components of the project. The resistance of light dependant resistor
(LDR) varies according to the light falling on it. This LDR is connected as biasing
resistor of the transistor. According to the light falls on the LDR, the transistor is
operated in saturation and cut off region. This transistor switches the relay to switch
on / off the light. A crystal based solar panel is used to charge a rechargeable battery
of 6V. LED based lighting is arranged in this project for energy saving application.
Additional battery charger circuit is provided for emergency applications. This power
supply uses regulated 5V, 5000mA power supply. 7805 three terminal voltage
regulator is used for voltage regulation. Bridge type full wave rectifier is used to
rectify the ac output of secondary of 230/18V step down transformer.
 INDEX

CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Embedded Systems 1
1.2 Application Areas 2
1.3 Computer networking 3
1.4 Security 4
1.5 Overview of Embedded System Architecture 5
1.6 Central Processing Unit (CPU): 6
1.7 Project Idea 8
1.8 Literature Survey 8
1.9 Goals And Objectives 10

CHAPTER 2 POWER SUPPLY 11

2.1 POWER SUPPLY: 11
2.2Rectifier: 11
2.3 Bridge rectifier 12
2.4 Voltage regulator 13

CHAPTER – 3 ARDUINO UNO 14

3.1 Arduino/genuine 14
3.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS 15
3.3 PROGRAMMING 15
3.4 MEMORY 17
3.5 CIRCUIT PIN DIAGRAM 17
3.6 COMMUNICATION 18

CHAPTER 4 SENSORS 20
4.1 IR SENSOR 20
4.2 The Sender 21
4.3 LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR 22
4.4 A Light Dependent Resistor  22
CHAPTER 5 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY 26
5.1 LCD screen: 26
5.2 Passive-matrix and active-matrix addressed LCDs 27
5.3 Pin Description 28
5.4 Light Emitting Diode (LED) 32
5.5 RELAY: 33
5.6 APPLICATIONS: 41

CHAPTER 6 SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION 44

6.1 Arduino software 44
6.2 Tools 51
6.3 Sketch Book 52
6.4 Library 53
6.5 Language Support 54

CHAPTER – 7 FUTURE SCOPES 56

7.1 Future Scope 56

CHAPTER-8 CONCLUSION 57
8.1 The project “Smart Energy Management System 57
8.2 Advantages: 57
8.3 Applications: 57

BIBLOGRAPGHY 58
CODE 59
 LIST OF FIGURES
FIG NO FIGURE NAME PAGE NO

Fig 1.1 Embedded System Architecture 5

Fig 1.2 CPU 6
Fig 2.1 Power supply 11
Fig 2.2 Rectifier 12
Fig 2.3 Bridge rectifier 12
Fig 2.4 Voltage regulator 13
Fig 3.1 ARDUINO UNO 14
Fig 3.1 circuit pin diagram 17
Fig 4.1 IR Sensor 20
Fig 4.2 Sender & Receiver 21
Fig 4.3 LDR Zigzag 22
Fig 4.4 LDR 22
Fig 4.5 LED 25
Fig 5.1 LCD screen 26
Fig 5.2 LCD diagram. 27
Fig 5.3 pin description of LCD 28
Fig 5.4 Automotive-style miniature relay, dust cover is taken off 33
Fig 5.5 Simple electromechanical relay 33
Fig 5.6 Small relay as used in electronics 34
Fig 5.7 Latching relay with permanent magnet 35
Fig 5.8 Top, middle: reed switches, bottom: reed relay 36
Fig 5.9 Solid state relay, which has no moving parts 37
Fig 5.10 A solid state contactors 38
Fig 5.11 A DPDT AC coil relay with "ice cube" packaging 41
Fig 6.1 Create a new sketch 46
Fig 6.2 save sketch 46