Mathematics 10

Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 12
Solving Problems Involving Measures of
Position
Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 4 – Self-Learning Module 12: Solving Problems involving Measures of
Position
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

Writer: Jimboy C. Cabatero
Editor: Cecilia M. Marcelo , Cherry Nabos
Reviewers: Revie G. Santos, Lowell De Ramon, Ma. Victoria L. Peñalosa
Illustrator: Jimboy C. Cabatero
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Management Team: Ma. Evalou Concepcion A. Agustin
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 Mathematics 10
Quarter 4
Self-Learning Module 12
Solving Problems Involving Measures of Position
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module on Solving problems

involving measures of position!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through its mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely: Communication,
Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the Self-Learning Module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this Self-
Learning Module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the Self-Learning Module.
For the Learner:

Welcome to the Mathematics 10 Self-Learning Module on Solving problems

involving measures of position!

This Self-Learning Module was designed to provide you with fun and
meaningful opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being
an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and skills

that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson

at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts

and skills that you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - Set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and

application of the lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the

lesson.

Posttest - This measure how much you have learned from the
entire module.
 EXPECTATIONS
1. Recall Percentile and Percentile Rank
2. Solves problems involving measures of position.
3. Interprets measures of position.

PRETEST

Answer each item. Use the frequency table below to answer the following
questions. Write your answer on the space provided.

The table shows the monthly salary of 65 employees in a company.

Monthly Salary Number of

LB <cf
(in thousands of pesos) Employees
106,000-120,000 1 105,000.5 65
91,000-105,000 2 90,000.5 64
76,000-90,000 4 75,000.5 62
61,000-75,000 6 60,000.5 58
46,000-60,000 10 45,000.5 52
31,000-45,000 15 30,000.5 42
16,000-30,000 27 15,000.5 27

1. What is the average monthly salary of the employees in the company?

Answer: __________________
2. What is the upper quartile?
Answer: __________________
3. If one of the employees has a salary of Php 80,000, what is her percentile
rank?
Answer: __________________
4. What percentage of the company employees has monthly salaries lower than
Php 50,000?
Answer: __________________
5. What percentage of the company employees has monthly salaries higher
than Php 50,000?
Answer: __________________
 RECAP

Given the frequency distribution, compute for each quantile and match it with
the letter code of its corresponding value to complete the phrase below.

Daily allowance of 60 students

Class Interval f <cf

81-90 7 60
71-80 10 53
61-70 15 43
51-60 14 28
41-50 12 24
31-40 6 12
21-30 3 6
11-20 2 3
1-10 1 1

D6 P15 P35 D8 D4 P70 Q1 Q2 D8 Q3

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

LESSON

As the name suggests, a measure of position is a number that tells where

the score stands relative to the other in a set of ranked data.
The table shows Gino’s score in the National Career Assessment Examination.
Standard Percentile
Areas
Score Rank
General Scholastic Aptitude
Scientific Ability 460.50 48
Reading Comprehension 670.68 94
Verbal Ability 726.57 99
Mathematical Ability 591.72 56
Over all GSA 612.37 84

1. What does a percentile rank mean?

2. If the percentile rank of Gino’s score in scientific ability is 48, does this
mean that he answered 48% of the total items in the test correctly?
 To answer the questions, we need to understand the meaning of percentile and
percentile rank.

Percentiles are measures of position and location. To determine the position or

location of a particular data, we divide the set of data into equal parts.

Percentiles

The percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divide a distribution
into one hundred equal parts, so that each part represents the data set. These
values are denoted by P1, P2, P3,…, P99. For example, the value P50 (the median)
means 50% of the data have lower values than P 50.

Percentile ranks
Percentile ranks are particularly useful in relating individual scores to their
positions in the entire group. A percentile rank is typically defined as the
proportion of scores in a distribution that a specific score is greater than or equal
to.

Example 1. Let us use the table from the first example activity to answer these
questions:
a. What is the percentile rank of Gino’s score in verbal ability?
b. If 1.3 million students took NCAE, how many students obtained verbal
ability scores that are lower than Gino’s score?
c. How many students have the same or higher verbal ability score than
Gino?

Solution:
a. The Percentile rank of Gino’s score in verbal ability is 99. We denote his
score as P99=726.57.
b. Gino’s verbal ability score is better than the verbal ability score of 99% of
the students who took NCAE.
99% × 1 300 000 = 0.99 × 1 300 000
= 1 287 000
Thus, 1 287 000 students have lower verbal ability scores than Gino’s
score.
c. The number of students who have the same or higher verbal ability score
as Gino is:
1 300 000 − 1 287 000 = 13 000

Thus, 13 000 students have the same or higher verbal ability scores than
Gino’s score.

Example 2. The height (in cm) of twelve students was measured as follows:
Let us rearrange the 12 students from shortest to tallest.

a. 70% of the students are shorter than what height?

b. What height is at the 25th percentile rank?
c. What height is at the 5th decile?
d. What height is at the upper quartile?

Solutions:
Example 3. Refer to the given data set in Example 2. Determine the percentile rank
of Paolo’s height.

Solution: There are 9 students shorter than Paolo. Thus,

9
× 100 = 75%
12
Therefore, Paolo’s height is at the 75th percentile rank.

Let us have an example using the grouped data.

a. The table below shows the monthly salary of 60 employees in a company.

Assume that the researcher wanted to know the percentage of employees
who have monthly salaries lower than Php 25 000?

Salary f lower boundaries <cf

29,000-31,999 2 28,999.5 60
26,000-28,999 2 25,999.5 58
23,000-25,999 5 22,999.5 56
20,000-22,999 7 19,999.5 51
17,000-19,999 10 16,999.5 44
14,000-16,999 18 13,999.5 34
11,000-13,999 6 10,999.5 16
8,000-10,999 7 7,999.5 10
5,000-7,999 3 4,999.5 3
60
Solution:
Php 25,000 is within 23,000-25,999

LB = 22,999.5
N = 60
P = 25,000
cfP = 51
fP = 5
i = 3,000

Therefore, 56% of employees who have monthly salaries lower than Php 25,000
while 44% of them have monthly salaries higher than Php 25,000.
 b. A survey was conducted among 40 people to find out the number of times
each of them eats in a fastfood or restaurant in a week. Find the 4th decile and
interpret your answer.

Number of Solution: 𝑘𝑁
Times a Person − 𝑐𝑓𝑏
F (LB) (<cf) 𝐷4 = 𝐿𝐵 + [ 10 ]𝑖
Eats Out in a 𝑓
Week 4(40)
19-21 1 18.5 40 − 15
𝐷4 = 3.5 + [ 10 ]3
16-18 2 15.5 39 9
13-15 3 12.5 37 16 − 15
10-12 4 9.5 34 𝐷4 = 3.5 + [ ]3
9
7-9 6 6.5 30 𝐷4 = 3.5 + (0.11)3
4-6 9 3.5 24 𝐷4 = 3.5 + 0.33
1-3 15 0.5 15 𝐷4 = 3.83 𝑜𝑟 4 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠

Therefore, 40% of the people eats in a fastfood or restaurant for 4 times in a

week.

ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY 1: LET’S PRACTICE

Directions: Read the situation carefully and answer what is being
asked.

The table below shows the average monthly electric consumptions (in kWh)
of 85 households in a certain barangay of Pasig City. Complete the table below and
find the average electric monthly consumption of 60% of the households? Make
your own conclusion.
Solutions:
Monthly Electric
Consumption F (LB) (<cf)
(in kWh)
451-500 2
401-450 5
351-400 9
301-350 8
251-300 15
201-250 12
151-200 10
101-150 6
51-100 8
1-50 10
Conclusion:
ACTIVITY 2: KEEP PRACTICING
Directions: Read the situation carefully and answer the following questions.
Use separate paper for the complete solution.

The table shows the distribution for the number of employees in 45

companies belonging to a certain industry. Complete the table and calculate the
third quartile, 4th decile and 85th percentile of the number of employees given the
number of companies.
Answer:
Number of Number of
LB <cf 3rd Quartile = ______________
Employees Companies
41-45 11
36-40 6
4th Decile = ______________
31-35 9
26-30 7
21-25 8
85th Percentile= ______________
16-20 4

ACTIVITY 3: TEST YOURSELF

Directions: Read the situation carefully and answer the following questions.
Dennis and Christine scored 32 and 23, respectively, in the National Career
Assessment Examination (NCAE). The determining factor for a college scholarship is
that a student’s score should be in the top 10% of the scores of his/her graduating
class. The students in the graduating class obtained the following scores in the
NCAE. Write your solution in a separate sheet of paper.

1. Complete the table by filling in the

values of LB (lower boundaries) and
<cf (less than cumulative frequency)
2. What is the percentile rank of Dennis
and Christine?
Answer: ____________________________
3. Based on their percentile and
percentile ranks, will Dennis and
Christine receive a scholarship?
Explain your answer.
Answer: ____________________________
_____________________________________
 WRAP–UP
Remember that…
Percentiles are measures of position and location.
Percentiles
The percentiles are the ninety-nine score points which divide a distribution
into one hundred equal parts, so that each part represents the data set.
Percentile ranks
Percentile ranks are particularly useful in relating individual scores to their
positions in the entire group.

VALUING

Reflection: (Journal Writing)

How would I know my position given the academic rank? Write your
reflection with the results of your rank on the space provided.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Read each item and choose the correct answer. Write your answer before the
number.
___1. Rochelle got a score of 55, which is equivalent to a 70th percentile rank in a
mathematics test. Which of the following is NOT true?

a. She scored above 70% of her classmates.

b. Thirty percent of the class got scores of 55 and above.

c. If the passing mark is the first quartile, she passed the test.

d. Her score is below the 5th decile.

___2. The 1st quartile of the ages of 250 fourth year students is 16 years. Which of
the following statements is true?

a. Most of the students are below 16 years old.

b. Seventy-five percent of the students are 16 years old and above.

c. Twenty-five percent of the students are 16 years old.

d. One hundred fifty students are younger than 16 years.

___3. In a 100-item test, the passing mark is the 3rd quartile. What does it imply?

a. The students should answer at least 75 items correctly to pass the test.

b. The students should answer at least 50 items correctly to pass the test.
c. The students should answer at most 75 items correctly to pass the test.

d. The students should answer at most 50 items correctly to pass the test.

___4. In a group of 55 examinees taking the 50-item test, Rachel obtained a score of
38 and 38 scores were above her. This implies that her score is ______________.

a. the 38th percentile c. the 55th percentile

b. at the upper quartile d. below the 4th decile

___5. Mel’s score in a 75-item test was the median score. What is his percentile
rank?

a. 35th c. 25th

b. 50th d. 75th
1. d 5. b Answers of the students may vary.
2. b
3. a
4. c
POSTTEST VALUING
Dennis- 76th Q3 = 40.3 D6 = 267.18 kWh
Christine- 32nd
D4 = 29.8 60% of the 85
Dennis and Christine are households have
not qualified for a college P85 = 42.45 average electric
scholarship. monthly consumptions
of 267.18 kWh.
ACTIVITY 3 ACTIVITY 2 Activity 1
ACTIVITIES
M Y L O C A T I O N
D6 D15 P35 D8 D4 P70 Q1 Q2 D8 Q3
RECAP
1. The average monthly salary of the employee is 35,500.5.
2. 75% of the employees have a salary less than or equal to 55,200.5.
3. 60.87 or 61% of the employees have salary less than or equal to 80,000.
4. 46.87% of the employees have monthly salaries lower than 50,000.
5. 53.13% of the employees have monthly salaries higher than 50,000.
PRETEST
KEY TO CORRECTION
 REFERENCES

Callanta, Melvin. et al. Mathematics Learner’s Module 10. Pasig City, Metro Manila:
Department of Education.

Oronce, Orlando and Marilyn Mendoza. E – Math 10: Worktext in Mathematics.

Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc., 2017

Nivera, Gladys C., Ph.D. and Minie Rose C. Lapinid, Ph.D. Grade 10 Mathematics
Patterns and Practicalitties. Makati: Don Bosco Press. 2008