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Parking: The Impacts of Parking
Parking: The Impacts of Parking
PARKING
THE IMPACTS OF PARKING
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
PARKING POLICIES
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
PARKING POLICIES
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
PARKING POLICIES
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
TYPES OF PARKING
PUBLIC PARKING
On-street parking may be free or not, and it may be regulated or
unregulated (e.g. No Parking During Rush Hours, No Overnight
Parking).
Off-street parking is usually in parking lots, decks (with multi-
purpose buildings), or in exclusive parking structures.
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
TYPES OF PARKING
PRIVATE PARKING
Usually off-street, private parking includes home or apartment
building garages, stalls, driveways, or affiliate-specific parking
(permit required).
For owners of homes and apartments or businesses, and exclusive for
members of clubs.
On-street private parking also can exist.
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
PARALLEL PARKING
Tandem parallel parking is recommended
for major streets with heavy vehicles.
Also recommended for roadways which
are not wide.
Time taken to parallel park is longer and
may also encourage double parking and
waiting.
ANGLE PARKING
Angled parking allows more spaces per
linear length of curb.
Maneuver for angle parking is easier
compared to parallel parking.
However, it restricts traffic movement
on streets more than parallel parking. 8
BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
OFF-STREET PARKING
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
OFF-STREET PARKING
MULTISTOREY CARPARKS
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
OFF-STREET PARKING
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
OFF-STREET PARKING
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
PARKING STUDIES
PARKING STUDIES
Fixed Period
All vehicles parked in the focus area are counted at the beginning of
the survey period.
Occupancy counts are conducted every 15 minutes to 1 hour.
This method may miss short term parkers and may be difficult for
private garages.
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
PARKING STUDIES
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
ADEQUACY ANALYSIS
A = Q x T
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
ADEQUACY ANALYSIS
AM
P M!
A 2 A3 A 4 AM
1 A ...
2! 3! 4! M!
where P = probability of rejection
A = traffic load
M = number of parking bays
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
Example:
Solution:
Q = 120 veh/hr
T = 50 mins = 5/6 hrs
10050
P 50!
= 0.509
1002 1003 1004 10050
1 100 ...
2! 3! 4! 50!
Exercise:
A=?
Q = 96/8 = 12 veh/hr
T = 15 / 60 = 0.25 hrs
A = QT = 12 x 0.25 = 3 veh
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P 5!
0.11
3 3 3 3
2 3 4 5
1 3
2! 3! 4! 5!
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
Note:
a. The numbers represent the first time that a vehicle parked in the space.
b. The check marks () indicate that the same vehicle was in the space on the
next circulation.
c. The E suffix indicates that the meter was expired.
d. The T prefix indicates that a delivery truck was using the parking space. If this
occurs frequently, there may be a need for a truck loading zone.
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
Parking Duration
Example calculation
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
Parking Turnover
Example calculation
Parking turnover for spaces 109 to 112 over a 2.5 hour period:
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
Parking Occupancy
is the percentage of the time that the parking spaces at the parking
facility has been occupied
Example calculation
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BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
EXAMPLE:
An office parking garage has the following characteristics:
Hours of operation: 6 A.M. to 8 P.M (14 hours)
Number of parking spaces in the garage: 500
80% are commuters with average parking duration of 8 hours
10% are visitors parking for an average of 2 hours
The remaining are shoppers parking for an average of 3 hours
Solution
Discussion:
Although 75 additional spaces are needed only during the 4 peak hours, it is
open debate whether the garage owner should spend money to meet this
demand, because for the rest of the operating time (14 – 4 = 10 hrs), it is
likely that the 75 spaces may not be occupied 26
BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
DEFINITIONS
• Parking duration: the actual length of time a vehicle remains in one
parking space.
• Parking load: the area under the accumulation curve between two specific
times.
• Parking turnover: number of vehicle utilizing the same stall over a given
period of time (four or more during an 8-hour period indicates a high
turnover rate). Parking turnover measures utilization. 27
BFC32302 Traffic Engineering and Safety Lecturer: Dr. Basil David Daniel
DEFINITIONS
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