SMALLANDMI

GHTY:
INTRODUCTI
ONTOMI
CROBI
OLOGY

HOMEPRACTI
T
est
inghowt
CAL
hea
mountofs
uga
ra ec
ts
t
her
a t
eoffer
menta
tion

©Uni
ver
si
tyof
Rea
ding
HOMEPRACTI
CAL 2

I
NTRODUCTI
ON
Yeastisas i
nglecell
edf ungust hatisus edinfood
product
ion.Y
ea s
tli
kestof erments uga r
st opr
oduce
energy
.Wheny eastfer
ment ss ugari
tc reat
esethanol
andc a
rbondioxi
dega s(CO2)a saby -product
.These
CO2bubblesarewhatmakesbr eadri
sea ndchampagne
zz.

Wheny easti
smi xedwi t
hs uga
ra ndwateri
nabottl
e,t
he
product
ionofCO2c anbemoni t
oredbyc a
ptur
ingiti
na
ball
oona ndmea s ur
inghowmuc htheball
oonina t
es
over a per i
od of t ime.The f ast
er the rat
e of
fermentati
on,thefastertheball
oonwil
linate.

I
nt hi
s Step,y ou ar
e goi
ng t
o perf
orm as i
mple I
ma ge1:Theequi
pmenty
ouwi
l
lneedt
oca
rryoutt
he
micr
obi
ologyexperi
mentusi
ngever
yda
yitemst
hatyou ex
periment.
ca
nbuyinas upermark
et.

Therearemanyvari
abl
esthatcouldbeconsi
dered.Y
ouc ouldhypothes
iset
hatther
ateoff er
menta
tionwil
lbe
a ectedbythea mountofy ea
s t
,amounta ndtypeofs ugar,andtheenvi
ronmentaltempera
tur
et hatthe
experi
menti
sc onduct
eda t
.Themea s
urementstakenc oul
da l
sobea ec t
edbythev olumeofwateri
nt he
bottl
es,
thes
izeofthebottl
es,andthesi
zeofthebal
loons.

Forthi
sexperi
ment,youa r
egoingt
osetup5bottl
esbutonlymakecha
ngestooneofthes
evar
iabl
est
os ee
howita ectstheproduc
t i
onofCO2.I
ti
simpor
tanttha
tyouonlycha
ngeoneofthecondi
ti
onsa
ndensureal
l
theothercondi
ti
onsarethesameinor
dertodr
awconclus
ionsf
romtheres
ult
s.

I
t’
sagoodi
deat
orea
dthr
ougha
llt
hei
nst
ruc
tionsa
tlea
stonc
ebef
ores
tar
ti
ngt
heex
per
iment
.

WHATYOUWI
LLNEED
•4t abl
es poonsoffastact
ionyeas tordri
edyeast(
not •Mea sur
ingj
ugwithspout
li
vey eas t
)
•Funnel
•5empt y500ml wa t
erbottl
es-itisagoodideatouse
•Str
ing
freshbot tlesa
ndpourt hewa terintoaglassbef
ore
youdr inkitsothatyoudon’tc
ont aminatet
hebottes •Sc
l i
s sor
s
withy ouownmi c
robes!Theyallneedtobethes a
me •Rul er
size
•Sti
c k
ylabel
s,pos
t-i
tnotesort
apea
ndpa
per
•Round, standar
ds i
zeball
oons-theya ll
needtobethe
sa mes ize •Ma rk
erpen
•5t
eas
poonsof
gra
nul
ateds
uga
r •Ti
mer
•Wa
ter •Andi
mpor
tant
ly,
anotepadandpen(
thi
swi
l
lbey
our
la
bbookt
orecor
dyourresul
ts)
•Mea
sur
ings
poons

©Uni
ver
si
tyof
Rea
ding
HOMEPRACTI
CAL 3

I
NSTRUCTI
ONS
1.
Wr i
tethedateyouper
for
mt heexper
imenti
nyourl
abbooka
ndma
keal
i
stof
ever
ythi
ngy
ouus
esot
haty
ou
canrepli
cat
etheexper
imentanot
herday.
2.
It’
simpor t
a ntt
or stdeci
deont heex
peri
mental
condi
ti
onyouwoul dli
ketotest.
Inthisexper
iment,youwil
l
betes t
inghowt hea mountofsugara ec
tsther
ateoff
ermenta
tion.Inexperi
ment siti
simport
anttoha v
ea
controltoshowtha twhatyouaremeasur
ingi
snotduet
os omet
hingunex pected.
Y ouwil
lbepr
ovingthatthe
yeastisres
pons i
bleforproduc
ingthegas
,soyoushoul
dsetupac ontrol
withoutyeast.
3.
Labely
oubottl
esA,B,
C,D,Es
othaty
oudon’tmixthemup.
Dra
wthet
abl
ebel
owi
nyourl
abbooks
oyouc
an
r
ecordyourr
esul
ts(
oruset
hetempl
at na
ei ppendix1).

TIME A B C D E
(MIN) (
CM) (
CM) (
CM) (
CM) (
CM)
0
15
30
45
60
T
abl
e1:
Ata
blet
orec
ordt
her
esul
ts
.

4.
Inst
ages,
youwi
ll
beaddi
ngt
hequant
ati
esof
wa t
er,
suga
randy
eas
tfomt
r abl
e2bel
owi
ntoea
chof
the5
bot
tl
es.St
age1:
200mlofwa
teri
ntoeac
hbottl
e.

St
age1 Stage2 Stage3
Bot
tle Water( ml
) Sugar( t
sp) Yeast(tbs
p)
A 200 0 1

B 200 ½ 1

C 200 1 1

D 200 4 1

E 200 4 0

T
abl
e2:
Thea
mountof
wat
er,
suga
randy
eas
tinea
chbot
tl
e.
HOMEPRACTI
CAL 4

I
NSTRUCTI
ONS(
CONTI
NUED)

St
5. a
ge2:Addthesugar.
Fol
lowtheamount nt
si abl
e2,
sof
orex
ampl
e,bot
tl
eAwi
l
lha
venos
uga
r,bot
tl
e
Bwi
lha
vehal
fatea
s poon(t
sp)ofsuga
randsoon.

I
mage2:The5bot
tl
esl
abel
l
eda
ndT
abl
e1dr
a na I
wni mage3:Us
ingaf
unnelt
opours
uga
rint
obot
tl
eC.
not
epa
d.

6.
Sha
keea
chbot
tl
esot
hatt
hes
uga
rdi
ssol
ves
.

St
7. a
ge3:
Addat
abl
espoonofy
eas
ttobot
tl
esA,
B,C,
Dbuti
mpor
tant
lynott
obot
tl
eEwhi
chi
sthec
ont
rol
.

I
ma ge4:
Measuri
ngout1tabl
espoonof
yea
stf
our
times I
ma ge5:Us
ingafunnel
topouryeas
tintobot
tl
eB.
Thi
s
us
ingameas
uringspoon. needst
oberepea
tedforbot
tl
esA,B,
Ca ndD.
 HOMEPRACTI
CAL 5

I
NSTRUCTI
ONS(
CONTI
NUED)

8.
Stret
chaball
oonoverea
chbott
leopening,
mak
ingsur
ethes
ea l
ist
ight
.I
t’
sagoodi
deat
ost
ret
cht
hepl
ast
ic
andma k
eiteasi
ert
oina t
ebybl
owingthemupafewti
mesbefor
e.

I
mage6:
Str
etc
hingt
heba
ll
oon. I
mage7:Pul
li
ngaba
ll
oonov
ert
hebot
tl
eBt
oens
ure
t
hesea
li
sti
ght.

9.
Nowt a
k eyourr s
tmea sur
ementofeachbal
loondiameter.
Theeasi
estwayi
stowrapapi
eceof s
tri
ngaround
theball
oon, cut
ti
ngitwi
ththesci
ssor
satthepointwheretheendsmeetandthenmeasur
ingthel
engthofthe
str
ingwi tharul
er.I
tmightbeeasi
ertoaskafri
endt ohelpwit
hthi
s!Youcanthenr
eordthiszer
otimepoint
mea surementinyourlabbook
.
HOMEPRACTI
CAL 6

I
NSTRUCTI
ONS(
CONTI
NUED)

I
ma ge8:
Usi
ngas
tri
ngt
omea
sur
ethedi
amer
t he I
eroft mage9:Rec
ordi
ngt
hemea
sur
ementi
nthel
abbook
.
ba
ll
oon.

10.Usi
ngatimer
,youwil
lneedtotak
et hemeasur
ementsofal
l5ba
ll
oonsev
ery15mi nutestor
ecordhowmuch
theball
oonsi
na te.
Yous houl
drec
ordea chmeas
urementi
nyourl
abbook
.Ov er
thec ours
eofafewhour
syou
wil
lseehowthea mountof s
ugara ectshowqui
ckl
yandhowmuc ht
heball
oonsina te.

I
mages10a nd11:Usi
ngati
mert
orec
ordhowmuc
htheba
ll
ooni
nat
esov
eraper
iodoft
imea
ndr
ecor
di
ngt
he
meas
urementi
nthel
abbook
.

11.T
ogetamor eac
cur
ater
esul
t,
yous
houl
drepea
tthi
sex
per
imenta
tlea
stmor
e(i
dea
ll
ythr
eet
imes
)toc
hec
k
thati
ti
srepea
tabl
e.