Dr Atul Sangal

Sharda University
School of Business Studies
Pre PhD Course Work-Research Methodology

Probability -2

Q1.A Company is interested in obtaining information about the consumer preference for its newly
launched product. The company selected a sample of 300 (200 male and 100 female) customers and
posed a simple question: “Do you like our new product?” In all, 120 male customers and 70 female
customers responded favorably to the new product. If a respondent is selected at random, what is the
probability that the customer:

(a) Is a male?
(b) Will prefer the product?
(c) Is a female and will prefer the product?
(d) Is a male and does not prefer the product?
(e) Is a male or a female?

Q2.Use the values given in the matrix to solve the following equations:

  D E F Total
A 10 20 10 40
B 5 10 15 30
C 5 10 15 30
Total 20 40 40 100

(a) P( A∪D )=
(b)
P( E∪B )=
( c) P( D∪E )=
(d) P(C∪F )=

Q3.Use the values given in the matrix to solve the following equations:
  C D E F Total
A 8 12 4 6 30
B 7 8 1 14 30
Total 15 20 5 20 60

(a) P( A∩F )=
(b) P(C∩B )=
( c) P( E∩F )=
P( A∩B )=
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(d)
Q4.Unique Pvt. Ltd is a company involved in the production of small bearings. One day an important
machine stops working. The company has four senior operators. Their chances of repairing the machine
1 1 1 1
are 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , respectively. What is the probability that the machine will be repaired?

Q5.Fragrance Soaps Pvt. Ltd is a leading soap manufacturing company in India. The company has a good
product line. “Active” is a well-known brand of the company, and the company wants to conduct a
survey to find out the preference for this brand. To this end it appoints the International Research
Bureau, a leading marketing research firm in India. This marketing research firm conducts the survey and
the responses are as shown in the table below:

  Ahmedabad Gwalior Raipur Lucknow Total

Yes 55 40 80 75 250
No 40 30 20 90 180
No opinion 5 10 20 35 70
Total 100 80 120 200 500

If a customer is selected at random, what is the probability:

(a) That he or she prefers Active?

(b) The consumer prefers Active and is from Ahmedabad?
(c) The consumer prefers Active and is from Raipur?
(d) The consumer prefers Active given that he is from Ahmedabad?
(e) The consumer prefers Active given that he is from Raipur?
(f) Given that a consumer prefers Active, what is the probability that he is from Ahmedabad?

Q6.In 2008, a firm initiated the process of appointing a new CEO. The president (production), president
(marketing), and president (personnel) are in the race, and the probability that any one among the three
gets appointed is in the proportion 5: 3: 2, respectively. The probability that president (production), if
selected will introduce the voluntary retirement scheme (VRS) is 0.4. The probabilities that the other
two if selected will introduce the VRS scheme are 0.6 and 0.8, respectively. What is the probability that
VRS will be implemented in 2008?

Q7.In a toy manufacturing company, three machines namely, A, B, And C, are employed to manufacture
toys. Machines A, B, and C manufacture 20%, 30%, and 50% of the total toys respectively. A quality
control officer examined the machines and found that A.B and C produce 2%,3% and 5% defectives of
the total output. A toy is selected at random and is found to be defective. What are the probabilities
that this toy came from machine A, B, and C, respectively?

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