School: Ziane Achour Secondary School, Messaad.

Djelfa Teacher: Guennan

Level : 3nd year Stream : L.Ph
Unit 01: Exploring the Past

Grammar Explorer (p. )

Lesson: Time Conjunctions (Before, after and until)

Example:

• After the Egyptians had mummified the pharaoh, they buried him in the pyramid.

• The Egyptians buried the Pharaoh after they had mummified him.

• Before the Egyptians buried the pharaoh, they had mummified him.

• The Egyptians had mummified the pharaoh before they buried him.

• The Egyptians didn’t bury the pharaoh until they had mummified him.

Past perfect Past simple present simple Future

• After/as soon as + subject+ past perfect, subject + past simple

• Before + subject + past simple, subject + past perfect
• Subject + past simple (in the negative) until + subject + past perfect

Act 1: Give the correct form of the verbs I brackets.

• The Arabs (to conquer)………… ………. Persia before they (to spread)…………….. …… the Islamic
culture and civilization.

• After the Phoenicians (to settle) ……… …….. in the Maghrib, hey (to build)…….. ……….. trading
posts.

• The French (not to leave) ……… ……. Algeria until the Algerians ( to defeat) …. …………….. them.

Act 2- Combine the following sentences using the time conjunctions in brackets. Make the necessary
changes.

• The Phoenicians arrived in Mesopotamia. They became town-dwellers (as soon as)

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

B-The Ottomans remained in Algeria. The French invaded Algiers in 1830. (Until)