TURK STANDARDI TURKISH STANDARD TS EN 1926 Temmuz 2007 ICS 73.020;91.100.15 DOGAL TASLAR- DENEY METOTLARI- BASING DAYANIMI TAYINI Natural stone test methods - Determination of uniaxial compressive strength eee Tiirk Standardlaninin t {TSE’ye aittir. COGALTILA) ES TURK STANDARDLARI ENSTITUSU Necatibey Caddesi No.112 Bakanliklar/ANKARA‘TURK STANDARD! On séz ~ Bu standard, Tark Standardlani Enstitds0 tarafindan ilgili Avrupa standardi esas alinarak Turk Standard olarak kabul edilmisti.EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1926 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM Dacemnbier-2008 Ics 73.020; 91.100.15 ‘Supersedes EN 1926:1998 English Version Natural stone test methods - Determination of uniaxial compressive strength Métnodes essai des perres naturales -Déterminaton de Prifverfahron fr Natursicin - Bestimmung der einachsigen la résistance la compression unlaxile Druckesigheit This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 November 2006, CCEN members are bound to comply withthe CEN/CENELEC Inlemal Regulations which stipulate the conditions forgiving this European. Stancard the stats ofa national standard without any alteration. Up-o-date ists and biblogrephical references concerming sich national ‘standards may be eotaned on application fo the Cenval Secretariat r to any CEN member, ‘This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German) version in anyother language made by translation under the responsibil of@ CEN member ini its own language and notifed to Wie Cerral Secretaria has the same salus asthe oficial CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austrio, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Icelanc, Ireland aly, Laiva, Lihuana, Luxembourg, Malta, Nefhorands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romi, Slovakia, Stover, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Unites Kingdom. m/| EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION {UROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG Management Contre: rue de Stassart, 368-1050 Brussels (© 2006 CEN Allright of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Rot No. EN 1926:2008: £ ‘worlwide for CEN national MembersEN 1926:2006 (E) Be Preparation of specimens. Sampling... Test specimens. Surface preparation General Capping with mortar. Conditioning of specimen before testing. Procedure. ‘Measuring the specimen. Placing the specimen in the testing machine.. Loading 9 Expression of results .. 10 Test report. ‘Annex A (normative) Determination of the compressive strength of armourston: At Scope. na A2 Normative referer A3 Principle... A4 Definitions and symbols AS Apparatus. AS Preparation of specimens. A641 Sampling. A62 Test specimens. 6.3. Surface preparation. A8.4 Conditioning of specimen before testing. AT — Procedure AB Expression of results . N & aoa aonnnan oh eR BESTS SHH SSSSoovvo0000 AQ Test report ‘Annex B (informative) Determination of the point load strength B41 General B2 — Backgro B3 Correlation data... Annex C (normative) Statistical evaluation of the results.. C4 Scope. am ©.2 Symbols and definitions C3 Statistical evaluation of test results Annex D (informative) Bibliografy related to Annex B. Bibliography.EN 1926:2006 (E) Foreword ‘This document (EN 1926:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 246 "Natural stones’, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2007, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2007. ‘This document supersedes EN 1926:1999, ‘According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following ‘countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netheriands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden Switzerland and United Kingdom,EN 1926:2006 (E) 1 Scope This European standard epeciies a method for determining the uniaxial compressive strength of natura tones. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1, Cement — Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements EN 12390 (all parts), Testing hardened concrete EN 12670:2001 Natural stone - Terminology EN 13383-1:2002, Armourstone - Part 1: Spesification 3° Principle The specimens, after mechanical preparation of surfaces or, if needed, after capping, are laid and centred on the plate of a testing machine. A uniformly distributed load is applied and increased continuously unti failure occurs. 4 Terms and Definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 12670:2001 apply. 5 Symbols height of the specimen, in millimetres; 1 mean value of the lateral dimension, ie. the distance between opposite vertical faces of the specimen (if cubic), in millimetres; ‘mean value of the diameter of the specimen (if cylindrical, in millimetres; cross-sectional area of the specimen before testing, in square millimetres; failure load, in Newtons; amram Uniaxial compressive strength of the specimen, in Megapascals; > ‘mean value of the uniaxial compressive strength, in Megapascals; 5 standard deviation; ¥ coefficient of variation.EN 1926:2006 (E) 6 Apparatus 61 A surface grinder. 6.2 A lapping machine if final preparation of the specimens is needed. 6.3 _A test machine of appropriated force, in accordance with EN 12390 and calibrated according to this standard, 6.4 A time counter accurate to 1 s. 6.5 A ventilated oven which can maintain a temperature of (70 + 5) °C. 6.6 A weighing instrument which has an accuracy of 0,1 g. 6.7 A linear measuring device with an accuracy of 0,05 mm, 6.8 Air conditioned room with a temperature of (20 + 10) °C, 7 Preparation of specimens 7.4 Sampling ‘The sampling is not the responsibility of the testing laboratory, unless specially requested, At least 10 specimens are to be tested and the direction of any existing plane of anisotropy recorded. 7.2 Test specimens Test specimens shall be cubes with (70 + 5) mm or (50 + 5) mm edges or right circular cylinders whose diameter and height are equal to (70 + 5) mm or (50 x §) mm, The lateral dimension or the diameter of the specimen shall be related to the size of the largest grain in the lock by the ratio of at least 10:1. it the maximum observed dimension of the grains exceeds 7 mm, it is recommended to have a larger number of specimens in order to obtain representative results. The axis ofthe specimen shall be normal to the planes of anisotropy, e.g. bedding planes, foliation, ete. (gure ‘1a and 2a). If a test with orientation of loading parallel to the planes of anisotropy is required, another set of specimens with the same dimensional characteristics shall be prepared (Figure 1b and 2b), 7.3. Surface preparation 7.34 General The faces to which the load is to be applied shall be flat to a tolerance of 0,1 mm in any 100 mm and such that the top surface lies between two parallel planes which are parallel to the bottom surface, and not greater than ‘tmm apart for every 100 mm The sides of the specimen shall be smooth and free of abrupt irregularities and straight to within 0,3 mm over the full ength of the specimen. To meet the above requirements the specimens shall be finished on either a lathe or surface grinder, with final preparation on a lapping machine if needed. Capping with mortar according to the procedures indicated in 7.3.2 is to be used only if the indicated tolerances are not obtainable with the prescribed mechanical preparation. This condition shall be clearly indicated in the test reportEN 1926:2006 (E) 7.3.2 Capping with mortar Its possible to cap the specimen using a mortar made with cement CEM | 52,5 R according to EN 197-1 and then waiting until the cement has hardened, 7.4 Conditioning of specimen before testing Specimens, whether capped or uncapped, shall be dried at (70 + 5) °C to constant mass. This is assumed to have been attained when the difference between two weighings at an interval of (24 2) h is not greater than 0.1% of the mass of the specimen. After drying and prior to testing the specimens shall be stored at (20 + 5) °C until the thermal equilibrium is reached. After that, the tests shall be performed within 24 h. 8 Procedure 8.1 Measuring the specimen The cross-sectional dimensions of the test specimen (lateral dimension for cubic diameter for cylindrical test specimens) shall be measured to the nearest 0,1 mm by averaging two measures taken alright angles to each other at about the upper-height and two about the lower-height fh of the specimen. The average lateral dimension / or the average diameter d shall be used for calculating the cross-sectional area. The height of the specimen shall be determined to the nearest 1,0 mm. 8.2 Placing the specimen in the testing machine Wipe the bearing surfaces of the testing machine clean and remove any loose grit from the bed faces of the ‘specimen. Align the specimen carefully with the centre of the ball-seated platen. so that a uniform seating is obtained. Do not use any packing material 83 Loading Load on the specimen shall be applied continuously at a constant stress rate of (1 + 0,5) MPals. The maximum load on the specimen shall be recorded to the nearest 10KN. 9 Expression of results The uniaxial compressive strength R of each specimen is expressed by the ratio of the failure load of the ‘specimen and its cross-sectional area before testing, by the equation: FE 4 ‘The result shall be expressed in Megapascals with at least two significant figures. The mean value R shall be calculated to the nearest 1 MPa. a)10 EN 1926:2006 (E) Test report ‘The test report shall contain the following information: a) ») °) ¢d) °) 9) hy) m) n) °) P) nique identification number for the report; ‘umber, title and date of issue of this European standard; name and address of the testing laboratory and the address where the test was carried out if different from the testing laboratory, name and address of the client itis the responsibilty of the client to supply the following information: petrographic name of the stone: commercial name of the stone; ‘country and region of extraction; name of the supplier; direction of any existing plane of anisotropy (if relevant to the test), clearly indicated on the sample or on ‘each specimen by means of two parallel lines; ‘name of the person or organization which carried out the sampling: surface finish of the specimens (if relevant to the test); date of delivery of the sample or of the specimens; date when the specimens were prepared (if relevant) and the date of testing umber of specimens in the sample: dimensions 7 (or d’) and h in milimetres and the failure load F of each specimen, in kiloNewtons measured without any decimal place; ‘surface preparation of the specimens and their conditioning before testing; Orientation of the axis of loading with respect to the existing planes of anisotropy, Compressive strength R of each specimen, in Megapascals with at least two significant figures; mean value R of compressive strength, in Megapascals to the nearest 1 MPa: Standard deviation s , in Megapascals to the nearest 1 MPa, and the variation coefficient v all deviations from the standard and their justification; remarks, The test report shall contain the signature(s) and role(s) of the responsible(s) party(s) for testing and the issue date of the report. It shall also state that the report shall not be partially reproduced without written consent from the testing laboratory,EN 1926:2006 (E) Key 8). load normal to the planes of anisotropy )_ load parallel tothe panes of anisotropy Figure 1 — Cubic test specimens @& ZY a » Key 2) load normal to the planes of anisotropy ) load parallel tothe planes of anisotropy Figure 2— Cylindrical test specimensEN 1926:2006 (E) Annex A (normative) Determination of the compressive strength of armourstone AA Scope This annex specifies the method for the determination of compressive strength of stones of different size and irregular shape, which are used in hydraulic protection and regulation structures. The term armourstone is used for such materials, A.2 Normative references See clause 2. A3 Principle See clause 3. For materials to be used as armourstone, specimens shall be tested in a condition indicating their strength in water and in their weakest orientation with respect to any existing plane of anisotropy A.4 Definitions and symbols See clauses 4 and 5. AS Apparatus See clause 6. AS Preparation of specimens A.6.1 Sampling The sample shall be taken in accordance with annex A of EN 13383-1:2002. A.6.2 Test specimens Each specimen shall be prepared from a separate piece of armourstone. Test specimens shall be cubes with (50 + 5) mm edges or right circular cylinders whose diameter and height are equal to (50 + 5) mm. For the pieces of armourstone whose compressive strength is lower than or equal to 40 MPa, the use of cubes with (70 £7) mm edges or right circular cylinders whose diameter and heigth are equal to (70 7) mm are allowed. ‘The lateral dimension or the diameter of the specimen should be related to the size of the largest grain in a representative piece of the material by a ratio of at least 10:1. For coarse-grained material, cubes or cylinders having an edge or diameter no greater than 150 mm are admitted. In this case, the maximum dimensions of the grains shall be indicated in the test report.EN 1926:2006 (E) ‘The axis of the specimen shall be parallel to the planes of anisotropy, e.g. bedding planes, foliations, ete. I a test with orientation of loading normal to the anisotropy is required, another set of specimens with the same dimensional characteristics shall be prepared A.6.3 Surface preparation As in main text, 7.3. 6.4 Conditioning of specimen before testing Test specimens shall be fully immersed in tap water at a room temperature of (20 10)°C for (48 + 4) h and tested for strength within 1 h of removal from the water, taking care to minimise any changes in moisture content of the specimen prior to testing. A7 Procedure As in main text, clause 8. A.8 Expression of results As in main text, clause 9. AS Test report The test report shall contain the folowing information, a) unique identification number of the report; b) number, title and date of issue of this European standard; ©) name and address of the testing laboratory and the address where the test was carried oul if diferent from the testing laboratory; ) name and address ofthe client; ) itis the responsibilty of the client to supply the following information: — petrographic name of the stone; — commercial name of the stone; — country and region of extraction; — name of the supplier; — direction of any existing plane of anisotropy (if relevant to the test) to be clearly indicated on the sample ‘or on each specimen by means of two parallel lines; —_ name of the person or organization which carried out the sampling; — surface finish of the specimens (if relevant to the test); 1) date of detivery of ine sample oF of the specimens; 10EN 1926:2006 (E) 9), date when the specimens were prepared (if relevant) and the date of testing; h) number of specimens in the sample; }) dimensions 7 (or d) and f in milimetres and the failure load F of each specimen, in kiloNewtons ‘measured without any decimal place; |) surface preparation of the specimens and their conditioning before testing; ) orientation of the axis of loading with respect to the rock anisotropy; 1) compressive strength R of each specimen, in Megapascals with at least two significant figures; 'm) mean value R of compressive strength, in Megapascals to the nearest 1 MPa; 1n)_ standard deviation s , in Megapascals to the nearest 1 MPa, and the variation coefficient v, ©) description of any specimen breakages that occurred during specimen preparation, detailing the number of such breakages; P) all deviations from this standard and their justification; 4) remarks. ‘The test report shall contain the signature(s) and role(s) of the responsible party(ies) for the testing and the issue date of the report. It shall also state that the report shall not be partially reproduced without the written ‘consent from the laboratory.EN 1926:2006 (E) Annex B (informative) Determination of the point load strength index of natural stone B.1 General This informative anriex is given to provide a simple method for the factory production control of the uniaxial compressive strength of natural stone and stone used in hydraulic structures, B.2 Background ‘The point load strength index is widely used in rock mechanic applications for obtaining a rapid and cheap assessment of the variability in rock source strength and is therefore ideal for use in factory production contra B.3 Correlation data To use point load strength index data to obtain estimates of uniaxial compressive strength, the ideal correlation equation to use is one based on a preliminary study of the particular rock source in question. The point load strength test method to be used is the suggested method of the International Society for Rock Mechanics (ISRM), 1985, see reference in Annex D. If @ correlation for the specific rock type is not available, the general correlation equation given in the reference in Annex D is as follows: — Uniaxial Compressive Strength = 22 times Point Load Strength Index. It is hased on an extensive investigation of a wide range of strong and weak rocks. It will nat give a very accurate prediction of compressive strength for all rock types, however, it is recommended as the best researched single correlation factor to predict the compressive strength of all rock types. An aspect ratio of 2:1 for length to diameter of cylinders is assumed for the compressive strength data in the above correlation ‘equation. 12EN 1926:2006 (E) Annex C (normative) Statistical evaluation of the results C.1 Scope This annex establishes a method for the statistical treatment of test results obtained following the natural stone test method described in this standard, C.2 Symbols and definitions Measured values 2412) Ao hn Number of measured values a Mean value i 2 ‘Standard deviation szt, 7 ” Coefficient of variation v= ~ (forindividual values) ¥ Logarithmic Mean Logarithmic Standard deviation Maximum value Max Minimum value Min Ging? Lower expected value where ks (quantile factor) is given in Table 1 Quantile factor kg see table 1 13EN 1926:2006 (E) €.3 Statistical evaluation of test results For the calculation of the mean value (x), the standard deviation (s) and the coefficient of variation (V), normal distribution is assumed. When calculating the lower expected value (E), a logarithmic normal distribution is assumed. The lower expected value (E) corresponds to the § % quantile of a logarithmic normal distribution for a confidence level of 75%, Table C.1 Quantile factor (Kg) in dependence on the number of measured values (n) in correspondence to the 5% quantile for a confidence level of 75% . he 315 2.68 2,48 2,34 2,25 219 210 1.98) 1,93) 1.87 1,83, slsis/s 1.81 4EN 1926:2006 (E) ‘The following examples should help to clarify the method: EXAMPLE 1 Calculation of mean value, standard deviation, maximum value and minimum value of § measured values: Measurement no Measured value x 1 2000 2 2180 3 2200 4 2300 5 2380 6 2400 ‘Mean value 2333, ‘Standard deviation 17 Maximum value 2400 Minimum value 2000 EXAMPLE 2 Calculation of mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and lower expected valve of 10 measured values: Measurement no Measured value x (nx) 1 2000 (7,60) 2 2150 sr) 2 2200 (7.70) 4 2300 (7.74) 5 2350 (7.78) 6 2400 7.78) 7 2600 7.00) 8 2750 (7.92) 8 2900 (797) 10 3180 (6.06) Mean value 2480 7.807 Standard deviation 363 (0,143) Variation coetficient 0.15 From table 1 for. 7-10 kg=2,1 lower expected value 1819 15EN 1926:2006 (E) Annex D (informative) Bibliography related to Annex B ‘The Intemational Society for Rock Mechanics convened a Working Party to produce a ‘Recommended ‘Suggested Method’ for the determination of the point load strength index. The reference is as follows. Franklin, JA. [co-ordinator] (1985), Suggested method for determining Point Load Strength, Intemational ‘Society for Rock Mechanics Commission on Testing Methods, (revised version). Intemational Journal ot Kock Mechanics, Mining Sciences and Geomechanical Abstracts., Vol 22, pp 51-60.t 2 [3] 4) (5) 6 (8) @ [10] 111) 112) 113) 4) (15) [16] 17) 118] (19) [20] 21) (22) EN 1926:2006 (E) Bibliography EN 1925, Natural stone test methods — Determination of water absorption coefficient by capillarty EN 1936, Natural stone test methods — Determination of real density and apparent density, and of total and open porosity. EN 12370, Natural stone test methods — Determination of resistance to salt crystallisation EN 12371, Natural stone test methods ~ Determination of frost resistance. EN 12372, Natural stone test methods — Determination of flexural strength under concentrated load. EN 12407, Natural stone test methods ~ Petrographic examination. EN 12440, Natural stone ~ Denomination criteria, EN 13161, Natural stone test methods ~ Determination of flexural strength under constant moment, EN 13364, Natural stone test methods — Determination of the breaking load at dowel hole, EN 13373, Natural stone test methods — Determination of geometric characteristics on units, EN 13756, Natural stone test methods ~ Determination of water absorption at atmospheric pressure EN 13919, Natural stone test methods - Determination of resistance to ageing by SO, action in the presence of humidity. EN 14066, Natural stone test methods ~ Determination of resistance to ageing by thermal shock. EN 14146, Natural stone test methods — Determination of the dynamic modulus of elasticity (by measuring the fundamental resonance frequency). EN 14147, Natural stone test methods ~ Determination of resistance to ageing by salt mist. EN 14158, Natural stone test methods — Determination of rupture energy. EN 14205, Natural stone test methods — Determination of Knoop hardness. EN 14231, Natural stone test methods — Determination of the slip resistance by means of the pendulum tester. EN 14579, Natural stone test methods ~ Determination of sound speed propagation, EN 14580, Natural stone test methods ~ Determination of static elastic modulus. EN 14561, Natural stone test methods — Determination of linear thermal expansion coefficient. EN 14157, Natural stone test methods — Determination of the abrasion resistance. 7