aljunry g.

Masong

11- humss – b

Module 2
WHAT'S MORE
ACTIVITY 1. ARISTOTLE OR GALILEO?
PART A
2.) Which will fall faster? - The stone fall faster.
Why? - Because the stone is heavier than the piece of paper.

PART B
2.) Which will fall faster? - Still stone fall faster.
Why? -Because still the stone is heavier than crumpled paper.

Observation:
1.) Which part describes Aristotle's view of motion?
- Aristotle says that the heavier things are, the quicker they will fall.
Why? - Aristotle's view of motion is "it requires a force to make an
object move in an unnatural" manner - or, more simply, "motion
requires force" . After all, if you push a book, it moves. When you stop
pushing, the book stops moving.

2.) Which part describes Galileo's view of motion? - Galileo felt that the
mass of an object made no difference to the speed at which it fell.
Why? According to this law all bodies accelerate at the same rate
regardless of their size or mass. He developed the concept of motion
in terms of velocity ( speed and direction ) through the use of inclined
planes. He is the one who developed the idea of force, as a cause for
motion.
aljunry g. Masong

11- humss – b

MODULE 4
EXERCISES: A AND B
A.
1.) What are the postulates of Special theory of relativity?
- Special relativity has two postulates:
1.The laws of nature are the same in all inertial reference frames.
2.The speed of light is constant in a vacuum at any inertial frames.
2.) What are the consequences of the Special Relativity?
- Specifically, Special Relativity showed us that space and time are not
independent of one another but can be mixed into each other and therefore
must be considered as the same object, which we shall denote as space-
time. The consequences of space/time mixing are: time delation, and length
contraction.
3.) What happens to the length of the object moving near the speed of light?
- One of the peculiar aspects of Einstein's theory of special relativity is that
the length of objects moving at relativistic speed undergoes a contraction
along the dimension of motion. An observer at rest (relative to the moving
object) would deserve the moving object to be shorter in length.
4.) What happens to the mass of object moving near the speed of light?
- Simply put, the speed of light (c) is the fastest velocity at which an object
can travel in a vacuum. As an object moves, its mass also increases. Near
the speed of light, the mass is so high that it reaches infinity, and would
require infinite energy to move it, thus capping how fast an object can move.
5.) Is time in the Earth's observer shorter or longer?
- The Earth-bound observer sees time dilate (get longer) for a system moving
relative to Earth. Alternatively, according to the Earth-bound observer, time
slows in the moving frame, since less time passes there.
6.) What happens to light as it travels in a gravitational field?
- Gravity does indeed affect light. All light in the presence of a gravitational
source either "bends" or shifts its frequency, but unless the gravitational
field is extremely strong it's difficult or impossible to detect with the naked
eye.
aljunry g. Masong

11- humss – b

EXERCISES: A AND B
A.
1.) What is the evidence that the universe is expanding at an accelerating
rate?
- Evidence supporting the universe's accelerating expansion originally came
from observing the explosions of distant stars. Physicists attribute this
accelerating expansion to the influence of a poorly understood phenomenon
known as dark energy.
2.) What are the characteristics of a heavenly body to be classified as planet
of the solar system?
- According to the 2006 IAU decision, for a celestial body to be a planet of
the solar system, it must meet three conditions: it must be in orbit around
the Sun, have been molded by its own gravity into a round or nearly round
shape, and have “cleared the neighbourhood around its orbit,” meaning that
its mass must be large enough for its gravity to have removed rocky and icy
debris from its orbital vicinity. Pluto failed on the third requirement because
it orbits partially within, and is considered to be part of, the Kuiper belt.
3.) Why was Pluto reclassified as dwarf planet?
- The International Astronomical Union (IAU) downgraded the status of Pluto
to that of a dwarf planet because it did not meet the three criteria the IAU
uses to define a full-sized planet. Essentially Pluto meets all the criteria
except one—it “has not cleared its neighboring region of other objects.”
4.) What happens to the frequency of emitted light as the source moves away
from the observer?
- If the observer moves toward the stationary source, the observed frequency
is higher than the source frequency. If the observer is moving away from the
stationary source, the observed frequency is lower than the source
frequency.
5.) What is used by scientist to estimate speeds and distances of distant
objects?
- Cosmic distance ladder is a succession of methods used by astronomers to
estimate the distance of far-off objects.
6.) What is red shift?
- In physics, a redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding
decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation.
The opposite change, a decrease in wavelength and simultaneous increase
in frequency and energy, is known as a negative redshift, or blueshift.
aljunry g. Masong

11- humss – b

REFLECTION

I learned that in celestial motion are categorized as diurnal motion,

annual motion, and precession of equinoxes, which according to
Aristotle, are perpetual.
Diurnal Motion - Diurnal motion is the daily motion of stars and other
celestial bodies across the sky. This motion is due to Earth's rotation
from west to east, which causes celestial bodies to have an apparent
motion from east to west.
Annual Motion - Annual motion appears that objects in the sky moves
relative to the ground stars as observed at the same time of the day
and at the 13 same location on Earth. It is the motion of the Earth in
its orbit round the sun. It takes a year to complete one revolution.
Precesssion of Equinoxes -
The precession of the equinoxes refers to the observable cycle, which
spans a period of (approximately) 25, 920 years, over which time the
constellations appear to slowly rotate around the earth, taking turns at
rising behind the rising sun on the vernal equinox.

Laws of Physics are stated facts which have been deduced and
derived based on empirical observations. Simply put, the world around
us works in a certain way, and physical laws are a way of classifying
that “working.”
Light is a transverse, electromagnetic wave that can be seen by the
typical human. The wave nature of light was first illustrated through
experiments on diffraction and interference. Like all electromagnetic
waves, light can travel through a vacuum.