Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jamshoro, Pakistan
Chemical Engineering Department
1) Gasification
2) Pyrolysis
Biomass feedstock is heated to more than 700oC (usually MSW) with a
controlled amount of oxygen. The gasification process use heat,
pressure and partial combustion to create syngas, the molecules break
down, and produces syngas and slag.
Syngas is the combination of hydrogen and carbon monoxide
(CO + H2). During gasification syngas, is cleaned of sulfur,
particulates, mercury and other pollutants.
Syngas can be combusted for heat or electricity, or processed into
transportation biofuels, chemicals and fertilizers.
Slag forms as a glassy, molten liquid. It can be used to make shingles,
cement, or asphalt.
Gasification process wood waste pellets are used.
Biomass is heated to 200o to 300o C in the absence of oxygen. This
keeps it from combusting and causes the biomass to be chemically
altered.
Pyrolysis produces a dark liquid called pyrolysis oil, bio-oil or
biocrude, a synthetic gas called syngas, and a solid residue biochar or
charcoal. All of these components can be used for energy.
Syngas can be converted into methane and used as a replacement for
natural gas.
Biochar is Carbon-rich solid that is particularly useful in agriculture.
Biochar enriches soil and prevents it from leaching pesticides and other
nutrients into runoff.
In Pyrolysis three products are obtained:
1) Syngas
2) Biocrude
3) Biochar
In biochemical processes the bacteria and micro organisms are
used to transform the raw biomass into useful energy like
methane and ethane gas.
Process follows:
1) Anaerobic digestion
2) Fermentation
Process where microorganisms, usually bacteria, break down material
in the poor-oxygen environment. In this process animal dung and water
is mixed as ratio 1 : 3 to make slurry.